ABSTRACT
Taking berberine (BBR) as an example, to study whether the supramolecular hydrogel formed by berberine and lotus root starch (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn; LRS), a natural polysaccharide, affects the inhibition to Staphylococcus aureus and the ability of biofilm clearance. The chemical structure and rheological properties of BBR@LRS gel were characterized by infrared spectroscopy and rheometer. The in vitro release of supramolecular hydrogel was observed at pH = 1.2 and pH = 7.4. Broth dilution method and biofilm clearence experiment were used to observe the bacteriostasis and biofilm clearance respectively. Cytotoxicity test and in vitro hemolysis test were used to evaluate the biosafety preliminarily. The results showed that the LRS polysaccharide hydrogel could encapsulate BBR, and there was an interaction between them. The BBR@LRS gel had good rheological properties and biosafety, and played a role in solubility enhancement and slow release of BBR, which was stronger than BBR in inhibiting the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and clearing biofilm. This study provides reference for the effect of natural polysaccharide supramolecular hydrogels on biological functions of active components of traditional Chinese medicine.
ABSTRACT
Natural polysaccharides with good biocompatibility and unique tumor immunomodulatory activity are becoming an important adjuvant anticancer therapy in clinic. In the field of pharmaceutics, natural polysaccharides can be used as not only bioactive components but also drug delivery carriers, as well as tumor-targeted ligands. Besides, various novel drug delivery systems based on natural polysaccharides exhibit unique advantages in regulating tumor immune microenvironment. In this review, we summarize the progress on natural polysaccharides in tumor microenvironment (TME) regulation and the designs of nano-sized drug delivery system, and point out challenges of polysaccharide-based drug delivery systems in the future application, and also give the potential solutions for these issues.
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Objective: To extract, separate and purify homogeneous polysaccharides from Rubus sachalinensis and study on monosaccharide component and immunomodulatory activity. Methods: The crude polysaccharides of Rubus sachalinensis (RSP) were extracted by hot water. The Cellulose DE-52 and Sephadex G-100 columns were used to separate and purify homogeneous polysaccharides. The relative molecular mass was analyzed by high-performance gel permeation chromatography, and the monosaccharide composition and structure were preliminarily identified by GC, IR and NMR. The effects on proliferation function of mice spleen lymphocyte proliferation were determined by CCK-8, and the effects on the release capacity of IL-2, IFN-γ and TNF-α were determined by the ELISA kit. Results: Two homogeneous polysaccharides, RSP1-1 and RSP1-2, were separated and purified, with molecular weights of 13 227 and 9 343 determined by HPGPC. They mainly contained arabinose, mannose, glucose and galactose, with the mole ratios at 9.5:7.0:10.3:18.6 and 5.7:11.1:10.3:14.2, respectively. The structure of RSP1-1and RSP1-2 was analyzed by IR and NMR, and RSP1-1 might mainly contain α-1,3-Ara, β-1,4Gal, β-1,6-Glc, β-1,3-Man, and RSP1-2 might mainly contain β-1,4-Gal, β-1,6-Glc, β-1,3-Man. At 5-200 μg/mL, RSP1-1and RSP1-2 stimulated proliferation of spleen lymphocytes (P < 0.05) and promoted lymphocytes to secrete IFN-γ and TNF-α. At 5 μg/mL, RSP1-1and RSP1-2 promoted lymphocytes to secrete IL-2. Conclusion: RSP1-1and RSP1-2 are natural homogeneous polysaccharides that are obtained from this plants for the first time. Its purity and structure were further characterized by IR and NMR. These two homogeneous polysaccharides promoted the proliferation of splenic lymphocyte in different degrees and promoted lymphocytes to secrete IL-2, IFN-γ and TNF-α that all possessing immunomodulating activity.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To prepare the hydrogels using Bletilla striata polysaccharides (BSP) as groundmass and evaluate its properties. Methods: BSP were successfully extracted and characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer, thermogravimetric analysis, differential thermal analysis, and X-ray diffraction. The BSP was incorporated with Carbopol 940 to prepare hydrogels. Rheological behavior of the gels was investigated by rotational rheometer, skin permeation properties and bioactivities of BSP gels were evaluated by trans-epidermal water loss (TEWL) and blood coagulation examinations respectively using mice as model animals. Results: The BSP was pure with complete structure. The BSP gels showed the better viscoelasticity and physical strength from carbopol gel. The gels showed better skin permeation enhancement and hemostatic activity. Conclusion: This work demonstrates the skin permeation enhancement and plasma coagulation effects of BSP hydrogels, which show great potential in transdermal drug delivery system and wound dressing.