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ABSTRACT Objective: To synthesize knowledge about hospital sustainability indicators and evidence of reduced socio-environmental impact. Method: Literature scoping review using Pubmed, Science Direct, Scielo and Lilacs databases. Studies in a time frame of 10 years, addressing hospital sustainability indicators and evidence of reduced socio-environmental impact published in any language were included. Results: A total of 28 articles were included, most were applied research, published in 2012, in English. Studies showed ways to save water and energy, as well as ways to monitor and mitigate the impact of activities related to effluents, waste and emissions. All studies had nursing work directly or indirectly involved in hospital sustainability. Conclusion: The possibilities of generating less impact on the environment and increasing the economy/efficiency of a hospital are countless. The particularities of each hospital must be taken into account and workers, especially nurses, should be involved.
RESUMEN Objetivo: Sintetizar conocimientos sobre indicadores de sostenibilidad hospitalaria y evidencias de reducción del impacto socioambiental. Método: Revisión de literatura, scoping review, utilizando las bases de datos Pubmed, Science Direct, Scielo y Lilacs. Se incluyeron estudios con un horizonte temporal de 10 años, publicados en cualquier idioma, que abordaran indicadores de sostenibilidad hospitalaria y evidencias de reducción del impacto socioambiental. Resultados: Se incluyeron un total de 28 artículos, la mayoría de investigación aplicada, publicados en 2012, en inglés. Los estudios mostraron formas de ahorrar agua y energía, así como formas de monitorear y mitigar el impacto de las actividades relacionadas con efluentes, desechos y emisiones. Todos los estudios tenían trabajo de enfermería involucrado directa o indirectamente en la sostenibilidad del hospital. Conclusión: Las posibilidades de generar un menor impacto en el medio ambiente y aumentar la economía/eficiencia de un hospital son innumerables. Hay que tener en cuenta las particularidades de cada hospital y se debe involucrar a los trabajadores, especialmente a los enfermeros.
RESUMO Objetivo: Sintetizar o conhecimento acerca dos indicadores de sustentabilidade hospitalar e evidências de redução do impacto socioambiental. Método: Revisão de literatura, do tipo scoping review, utilizando as bases de dados Pubmed, Science Direct, Scielo e Lilacs. Foram incluídos estudos com recorte temporal de 10 anos, publicados em qualquer idioma, que abordassem indicadores de sustentabilidade hospitalar e evidências de redução do impacto socioambiental. Resultados: Um total de 28 artigos foram incluídos, a maioria teve como tipo de estudo a pesquisa aplicada, publicados em 2012, no idioma inglês. Os estudos demonstraram maneiras de economizar água e energia, bem como, formas de monitorar e mitigar o impacto de atividades relacionadas a efluentes, resíduos e emissões. Todos os estudos tinham o trabalho da enfermagem envolvido de forma direta ou indireta na sustentabilidade hospitalar. Conclusão: As possibilidades de gerar menos impacto ao meio ambiente e aumentar a economia/eficiência de um hospital são inúmeras. Há de se levar em consideração as particularidades de cada hospital e envolver os trabalhadores, em especial a enfermagem.
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Environment , Sustainable Development , Conservation of Natural Resources , Sustainable Development Indicators , HospitalsABSTRACT
ObjectiveTo investigate the species of wild Chinese medicinal herbs for treating liver diseases in Quanzhou City of Fujian Province.Methods Based on the field investigation combined with literature reference, induction and analysis of the species of wild Chinese medicinal herbs for treating liver diseases in Quanzhou City of Fujian Province have been conducted.ResultsIt was found that there are 59 families, 112 genera, and 132 species of wild Chinese medicinal herbs for treating liver diseases in Quanzhou City of Fujian Province, most of which belong to angiosperm. 15 families, 21 genera, and 21 species are recorded in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2010 edition). Compositae has the largest number of genera and species (16 genera &19 species), followed by leguminosae (8 genera & 8 species) and labiatae (6 genera & 8 species). Chinese medicinal herbs for heat-clearing and promoting urination and leaching out damp amount to 69 and 20 species respectively. Over 88% of these wild medicinal herbs can be used to treat various liver diseases, and 46 species are used with high frequency. They are mainly taken by water decoction and oral administration.ConclusionWild Chinese medicinal herbs for treating liver diseases in Quanzhou City of Fujian Province are rich in species and resources, and are worth further development and utilization.
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Los alcances acumulativos de la acción humana, aunados al poderío tecno-científico, llevan hoy a que nuestra especie no solo se cuestione los límites de la capacidad que tiene la Tierra para asimilar y reciclar luego los desechos de la actividad humana, sino también los límites de nuestro especieísmo en la trama de la existencia. No ha sido la excepción, sino más bien la regla, que en una constante nuestra especie haya aumentado en población, sobreutilizando el entorno y malogrando un desarrollo que deteriora el medio ambiente cada vez más. El ser humano ha escrito la historia de la humanidad de forma especieísta, ensalzando su rol histórico que ha hecho obra contra el ser ecológico. Sin embargo, aisladas y frágiles treguas entre animales humanos y no humanos posibilitan cuestionarnos el sentido y significado filosófico del conservacionismo en eras del más crudo especieísmo.
The cumulative scope of human action, combined with the techno-scientific power nowadays take our species not only to question the limits of the Earth capacity to assimilate and recycle the waste products of human activities, but also the limits of speciesism within the weave of existence. It has not been the exception but rather the rule, that our species has constantly increased its population, overusing the environment and ruining a development that deteriorates the environment increasingly. Human beings have written the history of humanity in a speciesist form, extolling their historic role which has made work against the ecological being. However, isolated and fragile truces between human and nonhuman animals allow questioning the meaning and philosophical significance of conservationism in an age of the crudest speciesism.
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Humans , Biodiversity , Animal Rights , Conservation of Natural Resources , Environmental Damage MinimizationABSTRACT
Este artigo discute o uso de animais como recursos medicinais no Estado da Bahia, nordeste brasileiro. Os dados resultam de uma avaliação processual de desempenho acadêmico, uma vez que se tratou de um exercício requerido pelo professor da disciplina Etnobiologia (semestre 2007.2) aos estudantes do curso de Formação de Professores do Estado da Bahia da Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, quando lhes foi solicitado que fizessem um breve registro, em suas respectivas cidades, sobre o uso de animais medicinais. Participaram 41 estudantes, provenientes de 21 cidades do interior do estado. Foram registrados 95 animais (nomes comuns), dos quais dezessete são novos acréscimos à lista de animais medicinais anteriormente publicada. O registro da utilização medicinal de animais no Estado da Bahia fornece uma contribuição relevante ao fenômeno da zooterapia, abrindo espaço para debates sobre biologia da conservação, políticas de saúde pública, manejo sustentável dos recursos naturais, prospecção biológica e patente. Necessita-se desenvolver mais estudos etnozoológicos tanto para compreender a importância real da zooterapia para as comunidades tradicionais, quanto para desenvolver estratégias de manejo e uso sustentáveis das espécies animais, especialmente daquelas em risco de extinção.
This article deals with the use of animals as medicinal resources in Bahia state, Northeastern Brazil. The data come from a processional evaluation of academic performance, since it was an exercise requested by the professor of the discipline Ethnobiology (2007.2 semester) to the students of the course Bahia State Teachers' Undergraduation of Feira de Santana State University. They were asked to make a brief survey, in their respective cities, on the use of animals as medicines. Forty-one students, from 21 cities of the country of Bahia State, have participated with data. A total of 95 animals (common names) were recorded, from which 17 are new additions to the list of medicinal animal species already published. The recording of the use of animals as folk medicines in the state of Bahia provides a significant contribution to the phenomenon of zootherapy, because it opens a space to debate about conservation biology, health public policies, sustainable management of natural resources, bioprospection, and patent. It is necessary to carry out more ethnozoological studies both to comprehend the true importance of zootherapy to the traditional communities and to develop some strategies of sustainable management and use of animal species, especially for those under risk of extinction.
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Animals , Animal Assisted Therapy/statistics & numerical data , BrazilABSTRACT
Participatory approaches to natural resource management and development are widely accepted as effective instruments for achieving sustainable forest management (SFM) particularly in the developing countries. However, local people live within and adjacent to the forest resources and are dependent on the forest in terms of their livelihoods may prevent turning some decisions, intended as a component of sustainable forest management, into action. This situation arises from the lack of involvement by local stakeholders, a condition that is generally accepted as one of the most important instruments of sustainable forest management. Consequently, forest and other natural resources have not been effectively protected from negative behaviours of local populations. In this study, difficulties that have been faced in acquiring local participation and the importance of local participation for sustainable forest management are discussed using two case studies from Turkey. At acquiring of local participation is considered to important of local perceptions. If perceptions are negative, participation will not obtain. Thus, the study has focused on local perceptions. Field survey was carried out to collect necessary information for each case study. We conclude that decisions that will restrict the natural resource benefits for the local public, will lead to negative local perceptions of the project and lead to adverse behavior and negatively affect sustainable forest management efforts.