ABSTRACT
A infância e a adolescência são permeadas por mudanças que podem favorecer ou prejudicar o pleno desenvolvimento. Atualmente o foco de atenção da Psicologia Positiva se atém aos aspectos que contribuem beneficamente para a saúde física e mental e previnem riscos. O objetivo do presente estudo foi testar os efeitos da visão positiva de si sobre a afetividade negativa, bem como entender sua relação com sexo e local de moradia. A amostra foi composta por 1.433 crianças/adolescentes, com idade média de 13,34 anos (SD = 2,74), maioria meninas (55,27%). Os resultados permitiram identificar que autoconceito, autoeficácia e autoestima tiveram um efeito preditivo e estavam relacionados negativamente com depressão, desamparo, desesperança e solidão; e que meninas e crianças residentes na zona rural apresentaram uma visão mais negativa de si
Childhood and adolescence are permeated by changes that can favor or hinder full development. Psychology's focus of positive attention is currently directed towards aspects that contribute to physical and mental health and prevent risks. The aim of the present study was to test the effects of a positive view of oneself on negative affectivity, as well as to understand its relationship with sex and place of residence. The sample consisted of 1433 children/adolescents, with a mean age of 13.34 years (SD = 2.74), mostly girls (55,27%). The results allowed us to identify that self-concept, self-efficacy and self-esteem had a predictive effect and were negatively related to depression, helplessness, hopelessness and loneliness; and that girls and children living in rural areas had a more negative view of themselves
La infancia y adolescencia están impregnadas de cambios que pueden favorecer o dificultar el pleno desarrollo. El foco de atención positiva en psicología se dirige hacia aspectos que contribuyen a la salud física y mental y previenen riesgos. El objetivo del presente estudio fue probar los efectos de una visión positiva de uno mismo sobre la afectividad negativa, así como comprender su relación con el sexo y lugar de residencia. La muestra fue de1433 niños/adolescentes, con una edad media de 13,34 años (DE = 2,74), mayoría niñas (55,27%). Los resultados mostraron que autoconcepto, autoeficacia y autoestima tenían un efecto predictivo y se relacionaban negativamente con depresión, desamparo, desesperanza y soledad, y que los niños/adolescentes que vivían en zonas rurales tenían una visión más negativa de ellos mismos
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Mental Health , Psychology, Positive , AdolescentABSTRACT
Resumen El Neuroticismo (N), a pesar de ser un rasgo de personalidad normal, se vincula con el padecimiento de diversas psicopatologias. Se estudió la continuidad entre el N y su variante desadaptativa, la Afectividad Negativa (AN), aplicando un modelo de la Teoría de Respuesta al Ítem (TRI) a dos escalas que miden estos constructos. Participaron 619 personas de población general (64.3 % mujeres), quienes respondieron un protocolo que incluyó 20 ítems de N del International Personality Item Pool (IPIP-NEO) y 23 ítems de AN del Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5). Inicialmenete se realizó una depuración progresiva de los ítems de N y AN a partir de criterios psicométricos del Modelo de Respuesta Graduada. Luego se calibraron conjuntamente los 22 ítems retenidos aunque se eliminaron 6 ítems por mostrar dependencia local y problemas de ajuste. Se aportaron evidencias de la continuidad postulada entre N y AN. Sin embargo, se encontró un marcado solapamiento en la localización de los ítems procedentes de ambas escalas en el continuo del rasgo que conforman N y AN.
Abstract Neuroticism (N), despite being a normal personality trait, is linked to various psychopathologies. The continuity between N and its maladaptive variant, Negative Affectivity (NA), was studied by applying a model of the Item Response Theory (IRT) to two scales that measure these constructs. A total of 619 participants from the general population (64.3% women) answered a protocol that included 20 items of N from the International Personality Item Pool (IPIP-NEO) and 23 items of NA from the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5). First, progressive refinement of the N and NA items was carried out based on psychometric criteria from the Graded Response Model. Then, the 22 items retained were calibrated together, although 6 items were eliminated for showing local dependence and adjustment problems. Evidence of the postulated continuity between N and NA was provided. However, a marked overlap was found in the location of the items from both scales in the trait continuum formed by N and AN.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To explore the influence of positive/negative effectivity on the mortality risk of the Chinese elderly.@*METHODS@#Using the latest four surveys data of Chinese longitudinal healthy longevity survey in 2008, 2012, and 2014, as well as 2018 and selecting 10 993 elderly people who were aged 65 and above as research objects, this paper compared the positive/negative effectivity status and differences of the elderly in different gender and age groups. And then this paper analyzed the effect of positive/negative effectivity on elderly people' s mortality risk by constructing Cox proportional hazards model.@*RESULTS@#Compared with the female elderly, the male elderly had lower negative effectivity and higher positive effectivity. With the increase of age, the negative effectivity of the elderly increased, while the positive effectivity decreased. The results showed that after adjusting for the basic demographic characteristics, health status and living habits of the respondents in the baseline survey, in the positive effectivity dimension, "clean preference" (HR=0.922, 95%CI: 0.889-0.956), "autonomy" (HR=0.933, 95%CI: 0.914-0.952) and "sense of youth" (HR=0.948, 95%CI: 0.927-0.969), had a protective effect on the mortality risk of the elderly, while in the dimension of "open-minded view", there was no significant difference in the mortality risk of the elderly with different answers. In the negative effecti-vity dimension, "tension and fear" (HR=1.039, 95%CI: 1.014-1.065), "loneliness" (HR=1.053, 95%CI: 1.029-1.079) and "uselessness" had a harmful effect on the mortality risk of the elderly. The more positive effectivity, the lower the mortality risk of the elderly (HR=0.967, 95%CI: 0.956-0.978), while the more negative effectivity, the higher the mortality risk of the elderly (HR=1.024, 95%CI: 1.013-1.035).@*CONCLUSION@#The negative effectivity of the elderly in all dimensions may increase the mortality risk of elderly people. We ought to dredge the negative emotions of the elderly in time. In the health promotion of the elderly, we should also pay attention to the encouragement of positive effectivity in all dimensions, which requires the joint efforts of families, communities and governments.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , China/epidemiology , Longevity , Longitudinal Studies , Proportional Hazards Models , Prospective Studies , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the relationship between type D personality and post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms in survivors after the Zhouqu debris flow disaster.Methods In tatal,213 residents randomly sampled from the Zhouqu debris flow area were assessed one year after disaster.Questionnaires included the posttraumatic stress disorder check list-specific version(PCL-S) and type D personality scale(DS14).Results The prevalence of Type D in the post-disaster sample was 51.17％ accessed by the DS14,compared with 31.1％ prevalence in chinese college students.PTSD symptoms in survivors with type D were significantly severer than those without type D.Initial traumatic feeling,economic loss and negative affectivity were significant predictors of PTSD symptoms in survivors with type D.Conclusion Type D personality is positivel correlated with PTSD and may be a vulnerability factor for PTSD symptoms.