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@#Introduction: Negative automatic thoughts refer to subconscious thinking patterns in response to irrational and self-defeating stimuli. Individuals who are depressed tend to have biased negative automatic thoughts. Therefore, there is a need to refine our understanding of what contributes to the development of adolescent depressive symptoms. The current study examined the mediating role of negative automatic thoughts in the link between maternal attachment and depressive symptoms among late adolescents in Pakistan. Methods: This cross-sectional study focused on 936 (males=423, females=513) students aged 17 to 19 years old, who were selected through multistage cluster sampling technique. Respondents answered self-report questionnaires which assessed maternal attachment, depressive symptoms, and negative automatic thoughts. Structural equation modelling was utilised to analyse the relationships among the research variables. Results: The findings indicated that 39.3% had negative automatic thoughts; whereas, 5.6% experienced severe depressive symptoms. Correlational analysis showed that maternal attachment had a negative association with depressive symptoms and negative automatic thoughts. In contrast, depressive symptoms were positively related to negative automatic thoughts. Structural analysis revealed that negative automatic thoughts partially mediated the association of maternal attachment with depressive symptoms among late adolescents. Findings specifically demonstrated that those with insecure maternal attachment tend to have negative automatic thoughts, which subsequently lead to depressive symptoms. Conclusion: In conclusion, findings highlight the importance of secure attachment to the mother and positive automatic thoughts in combating depressive symptoms; thus ensuring a healthy psychological development for adolescents.
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DepressionABSTRACT
@#In this Unit we describe the first 2 types of intervention arising out of the extended consultation. In Problem work, the basic idea is to determine whether the patient’s behavior is a maladaptive response to antecedent stimuli, or the result of cognitive bias. We use counter-conditioning and contingency management to deal with maladaptive response. We use cognitive therapy to trace cognitive distortions that give rise to NATs and take steps to counter them. The problem approach is integrated as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy. The SMART solution to problems is deployed when there is no maladaptive behavior or cognitive bias at play. In pattern work, the salient life experiences of the patient which are selectively stored as narratives are examined. Such narratives may reflect a negative life pattern of thought and feeling. This is the problem-saturated story. Patients can be helped to change their pattern of thought and feeling and thus store their life experiences as preferred positive stories. The 4Rs – Re-membering, Re-framing, Re-authoring and Re-telling – help us to construct the new stories. When we do this consistently, the pattern work creates present and future stories of hope for the sufferer.
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Objective To explore the mediating effect of attentional control between negative automatic thoughts and social anxiety.methods A total of 1 504 college freshmen of medical university were surveyed with the Interaction Anxiety Scale (IAS),the Automatic Thoughts questionnaire (ATQ) and the Attentional Control Scale (ACS).Result sThe scores of IAS,ACS and ATQ of medical freshmen were (39.36±8.15),(53.50±7.48) and (48.93±19.72) respectively.Correlation analysis showed that ATQ total score was significantly positively correlated with IAS total score(r=0.313,P<0.01),ATQ total score was significantly negatively correlated with ACS total score(r=-0.275,P<0.01),and ACS score was significantly negatively correlated with IAS total score(r=-0.455,P<0.01).Mediating effect analysis showed that attentional control partly-mediated the relationship between negative automatic thoughts and social anxiety among medical freshmen (x2/df=1.650,GFI=0.998,AGFI=0.993,RMSEA=0.021),and accounted for 50.8% of the mediating effect.Conclusion Negative automatic thoughts is an important factor which plays direct and indirect roles in social anxiety.Attentional control is the intermediate link between negative automatic thoughts and social anxiety.
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Objective To explore the impact of self-efficacy on negative automatic thoughts and quality of life in cancer patients who received chemotherapy. Methods 106 patients who diagnosed cancer and received chemotherapy were assessed by General Self-Efficacy Scale ( GSES), WHO quality of life questionnaire-brief (WHOQOL-BREF) and Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire(ATQ) . According to the score of GSES, the highest 27% were assigned to higher scores group, and the lowest 27% were assigned to lower scores group, then compared two groups' WHOQOL-BREF and ATQ with t -test and Pearson correlation analysis. Results The mean score of GSES of 106 patients was ( 22.32 ± 8.61 ) points, and the low self-confidence were 55.66%, the mean score of GSES of higher scores group was( 28.64 ± 7.64)points, and the lower scores group was (21.37 ± 5.78 )points, and the two groups have significant difference ( t = 4.18, P ＜ 0. 01 ). The score of ATQ of higher scores group(63.71 ±7.94) was significantly lower than that of lower scores group(86.57 ±9.87), the total and all dimensions score of WHOQOL-BREF of higher scores group was higher than that of lower scores group, respectively.The score of GSES had positive correlation with the score of WHOQOL-BREF , and had negative correlation with the score of ATQ. Conclusion Cancer patients have lower level of self-efficacy, and it is closed correlated with quality of life and negative automatic thoughts.
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Objective To explore effect of psychological intervention on negative automatic thoughts,self acceptance and social support for patients with type 2 diabetic cataract.Methods Patients with diagnosed type 2 diabetic cataract(n=105)were divided into the research group(56 cases)and the control group(49 cases).The centrol group received routine treatment.The research group was given psychological and behavioral intervention based on routine treatment.They underwent evaluation by negative automatic thoughts questionnaire (ATQ),self-acceptance questionnaire(SAQ)and social support rate scale(SSRS)before intervention and in the 2th and 6th weeks after intervention.The results were subsequendy analyzed. Results ATQ score of the research group in the 2th and 6th weeks were lower than that of the control group(P＜0.05).ATQ score,total SAQ score,score of SA and SD factors,total SSRS score and score of objective support,subjective support and utilization of support were all lower than those before intervention from the 2th week in the research group.While these happened in the control group only in the 6th week(P＜0.05).Total SAQ score and score of SA and SD factor were lower than those of the control group(P＜0.05).Total SSRS score and score of objective support,subjective support and utilization of support were lower than those of the control group(P＜0.05).Relative analysis showed total score of social support and its factors was negatively related with ATQ score,but was positively related with SAQ score and score of SA and SD factors(P＜0.05).Conclusions Psychological and behavioral intervention could reduce the negative automatic thoughts,allevinte self acceptance and increase social support degree for patients with type 2 diabetic cataract.