ABSTRACT
Abstract The intertidal rocky shores in continental Chile have high species diversity mainly in northern Chile (18-27° S), and one of the most widespread species is the gastropod Echinolittorina peruviana (Lamarck, 1822). The aim of the present study is do a first characterization of spatial distribution of E. peruviana in along rocky shore in Antofagasta town in northern Chile. Individuals were counted in nine different sites that also were determined their spectral properties using remote sensing techniques (LANDSAT ETM+). The results revealed that sites without marked human intervention have more abundant in comparison to sites located in the town, also in all studied sites was found an aggregated pattern, and in six of these sites were found a negative binomial distribution. The low density related to sites with human intervention is supported when spectral properties for sites were included. These results would agree with other similar results for rocky shore in northern and southern Chile.
Resumo As costas rochosas entremarés no Chile continental apresentam alta diversidade de espécies, principalmente no norte do país (18-27 ° S), e uma das espécies mais difundidas é o gastrópode Echinolittorina peruviana (Lamarck, 1822). O objetivo do presente estudo é fazer uma primeira caracterização da distribuição espacial de E. peruviana no costão rochoso da cidade de Antofagasta no norte do Chile. Os indivíduos foram contados em nove locais diferentes onde também foram determinadas suas propriedades espectrais usando técnicas de sensoriamento remoto (LANDSAT ETM +). Os resultados revelaram que os locais sem intervenção humana marcada apresentam maior abundância em comparação aos locais localizados no município. Também em todos os locais estudados foi encontrado um padrão agregado, sendo que em seis desses locais foi encontrada uma distribuição binomial negativa. A baixa densidade relacionada a sites com intervenção humana é suportada quando as propriedades espectrais para sites foram incluídas. Esses resultados concordariam com outros resultados semelhantes para costões rochosos no norte e no sul do Chile.
ABSTRACT
The intertidal rocky shores in continental Chile have high species diversity mainly in northern Chile (18-27° S), and one of the most widespread species is the gastropod Echinolittorina peruviana (Lamarck, 1822). The aim of the present study is do a first characterization of spatial distribution of E. peruviana in along rocky shore in Antofagasta town in northern Chile. Individuals were counted in nine different sites that also were determined their spectral properties using remote sensing techniques (LANDSAT ETM+). The results revealed that sites without marked human intervention have more abundant in comparison to sites located in the town, also in all studied sites was found an aggregated pattern, and in six of these sites were found a negative binomial distribution. The low density related to sites with human intervention is supported when spectral properties for sites were included. These results would agree with other similar results for rocky shore in northern and southern Chile.
As costas rochosas entremarés no Chile continental apresentam alta diversidade de espécies, principalmente no norte do país (18-27 ° S), e uma das espécies mais difundidas é o gastrópode Echinolittorina peruviana (Lamarck, 1822). O objetivo do presente estudo é fazer uma primeira caracterização da distribuição espacial de E. peruviana no costão rochoso da cidade de Antofagasta no norte do Chile. Os indivíduos foram contados em nove locais diferentes onde também foram determinadas suas propriedades espectrais usando técnicas de sensoriamento remoto (LANDSAT ETM +). Os resultados revelaram que os locais sem intervenção humana marcada apresentam maior abundância em comparação aos locais localizados no município. Também em todos os locais estudados foi encontrado um padrão agregado, sendo que em seis desses locais foi encontrada uma distribuição binomial negativa. A baixa densidade relacionada a sites com intervenção humana é suportada quando as propriedades espectrais para sites foram incluídas. Esses resultados concordariam com outros resultados semelhantes para costões rochosos no norte e no sul do Chile.
Subject(s)
Animals , Marine Environment , Coasts , Gastropoda/growth & development , Remote Sensing Technology , Binomial DistributionABSTRACT
Abstract The intertidal rocky shores in continental Chile have high species diversity mainly in northern Chile (18-27° S), and one of the most widespread species is the gastropod Echinolittorina peruviana (Lamarck, 1822). The aim of the present study is do a first characterization of spatial distribution of E. peruviana in along rocky shore in Antofagasta town in northern Chile. Individuals were counted in nine different sites that also were determined their spectral properties using remote sensing techniques (LANDSAT ETM+). The results revealed that sites without marked human intervention have more abundant in comparison to sites located in the town, also in all studied sites was found an aggregated pattern, and in six of these sites were found a negative binomial distribution. The low density related to sites with human intervention is supported when spectral properties for sites were included. These results would agree with other similar results for rocky shore in northern and southern Chile.
Resumo As costas rochosas entremarés no Chile continental apresentam alta diversidade de espécies, principalmente no norte do país (18-27 ° S), e uma das espécies mais difundidas é o gastrópode Echinolittorina peruviana (Lamarck, 1822). O objetivo do presente estudo é fazer uma primeira caracterização da distribuição espacial de E. peruviana no costão rochoso da cidade de Antofagasta no norte do Chile. Os indivíduos foram contados em nove locais diferentes onde também foram determinadas suas propriedades espectrais usando técnicas de sensoriamento remoto (LANDSAT ETM +). Os resultados revelaram que os locais sem intervenção humana marcada apresentam maior abundância em comparação aos locais localizados no município. Também em todos os locais estudados foi encontrado um padrão agregado, sendo que em seis desses locais foi encontrada uma distribuição binomial negativa. A baixa densidade relacionada a sites com intervenção humana é suportada quando as propriedades espectrais para sites foram incluídas. Esses resultados concordariam com outros resultados semelhantes para costões rochosos no norte e no sul do Chile.
Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Ecosystem , Gastropoda , ChileABSTRACT
Indonesia ranks third with the most leprosy cases globally. East Java is the province that has the highest leprosy cases. The Provincial Government socialized the East Java Leprosy Eradication Program, which targets a maximum of one leprosy case per 10,000 residents. We propose spatially varying regression coefficients models to evaluate the effects of risk factors on of leprosy cases in East Java, use Geographically Weighted Generalized Poisson Regression and Geographically Weighted Negative Binomial Regression (GWNBR) models. The best models GWNBR categorize municipalities into six groups based on variables that have a significant impact on leprosy cases. The percentage of households with access to adequate sanitation is a significant factor in determining leprosy cases in all municipalities in East Java. We can conclude that clean and healthy living behavior, health facilities, and health workers significantly affect the number of leprosy cases in East Java.
ABSTRACT
mproving women autonomy can be vital in determining the uptake of healthcare services, especially in a patriarchal society with gender rights concerns. Using the 2013 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey and employing Zero Inflated Negative Binomial regression, the effect of household decision-making power with considerations to women autonomy on the demand for maternal health services in Nigeria was examined. The result of the analysis suggests that women autonomy in deciding expenditures on household healthcare services, and autonomy in deciding their income expenditures significantly increases the likelihood of demand for maternal healthcare services. On the other hand, when the husband/partner makes sole decision, as well as joint decision making concerning expenditure on household healthcare services and expenditure of woman's income reduces the likelihood of demand for maternal healthcare services in the country. This reduction was however much more when husband alone takes the decision than when decisions were taken jointly. Other socioeconomic variables like higher maternal education, and household wealth, also increased the demand for maternal healthcare services. We recommend that government should put in place policies that will help increase women's participation in household decision-making through the sensitization and capacity building initiatives such as improved educational quality for women. (Afr J Reprod Health 2022; 26[4]: 65-74).
Subject(s)
Women , Binomial Distribution , Personal Autonomy , Decision Making , Maternal Health ServicesABSTRACT
Background:Covid-19 outbreak is the current pandemic confronting nations in the world. The virus had caused so much loss of lives, loss of jobs and serious damages to global economy. One major way of preventing the spread of the virus and guide against being infected is to avoid face touching with unwashed hand(s).Objective:The objective of this study is to investigate the association between sex, having handkerchief or staying indoor and number of time a person touches face (mouth, eyes or nose). Methodology:A sample size of n = 130 people were randomly selected and observed obliviously for 120 seconds. The number of times they touched their faces were recorded with other variables like sex, having handkerchief and staying indoor or outdoor. Since the response variable is count, appropriate models for such data were used. Results and Conclusion:The Poisson results shown that there exist overdispersion, hence, a model that can account for the dispersion parameter was used to obtain accurate results. The results of the analysis shown that there is no association between the number of time a person touches face and sex, having handkerchief or staying indoor. The expected number time people touch their faces within 120 seconds is twice while the minimum and maximum number of times are zero and eight respectively.Recommendation:It is recommended that there ought to be adequate public enlightenment and sensitization on the peril of the novel COVID-19 pandemic and the reason why individuals ought to stick carefully to the exhortation of abstaining from touching of faces (without washing with soap and water) so as to forestall its spread. If a person's hands are contaminated with the virus, he/she isn't infected until he/she touches the face (nose, eye or mouth) with thehands unwashed
ABSTRACT
Abstract The rocky shores in Chile have a wide invertebrate species diversity, that include species with marked abundances in determined regions. The aim of the present study is to analyse the spatial distribution pattern in different marine invertebrate species in rocky shore of Araucania region, considering if these species have random, uniform or associated patterns, and extrapolate if these patterns have Poisson, binomial or negative binomial distribution respectively. The results revealed the presence mainly of gastropods molluscs that would graze on benthic algae, these species have mainly aggregated pattern that has a robust negative binomial distribution pattern. The obtained results agree with observations for marine benthic fauna that mentioned the presence of aggregated pattern, has negative binomial distribution. Other ecological topics about spatial distribution were discussed.
Resumo As costas rochosas no Chile têm uma ampla diversidade de espécies de invertebrados, que incluem espécies com abundância marcada em determinadas regiões. O objetivo do presente estudo é analisar o padrão de distribuição espacial em diferentes espécies de invertebrados marinhos na costa rochosa da região de Araucanía, considerando se essas espécies possuem padrões aleatórios, uniformes ou associados, e extrapolar se esses padrões possuem distribuição binomial de Poisson, binomial ou negativa. respectivamente. Os resultados revelaram a presença principalmente de moluscos gastrópodes que pastam em algas bentônicas, estas espécies têm principalmente agregado padrão que tem um padrão robusto de distribuição binomial negativa, padrão agregado de grupos, e a fauna de água doce que apresenta distribuição binomial negativa. Outros tópicos ecológicos sobre distribuição espacial foram discutidos.
Subject(s)
Animals , Gastropoda , Invertebrates , Chile , Ecosystem , Aquatic OrganismsABSTRACT
Resumen Este trabajo investiga mediante la metodología de regresión binomial negativa de ceros inflados con efectos fijos la relación entre los partidos de fútbol de la liga profesional colombiana y el número de lesiones personales, hurtos y homicidios (en un intervalo de ocho horas) presentados en veinte (20) ciudades de Colombia durante los años 2010-2016. Los resultados no evidencian una relación sistemática entre los partidos de fútbol y los delitos mencionados (es decir, aumentos o disminuciones de los delitos en una ciudad por el hecho de ser sede de un partido de fútbol o ser la ciudad del equipo visitante). Lo que sí evidencian es que hay aumentos en las lesiones personales y hurtos a personas a medida que aumenta la asistencia al estadio. La asistencia no parece tener efecto sobre los homicidios. No obstante lo anterior, los aumentos de lesiones personales y hurtos a personas no parecen ser económicamente significativos para el periodo de ocho horas dentro del cual se jugó el partido ni a nivel agregado anual para las veinte ciudades.
Abstract This paper investigates throgh the methodology of negative zero inflated with effects binomial regression relationship between Colombian profesional football games league and the number of personal injury, theft and homicide (in an interval of eight hours) presented in twenty (20) cities in Colombia during the years 2010 - 2016. The results do not show a systematic relationship between football matches and the aforementioned crimes (that means, increase or decrease in crimes in a city due to the fact of hosting a football match or being the city of the visiting team). What they do show, is that there are increases in personal injuries and theft of people as stadium attendane increases. Notwithstanding the foregoing, increases in personal injury and theft form people do not appear to be economically significant for the eigth - hour period within which the game was played nor annual at an aggregate level for the twenty cities.
Resumo Este trabalho investiga mediante a metodologia de regressão binomial negativa de zeros inflacionados com efeitos fixos a relação entre os partidos de futebol da liga profissional colombiana e o número de lesões coporais, furtos e homicídios (num intervalo de oito horas) apresentados em vinte (20) cidades da Colômbia durante os anos 2010- 2016. Los resultados no evidenciam uma relação sistemática entre os partidos de futebol e os delitos mencionados (isto é, aumentos ou diminuições dos delitos numa cidade pelo fato de ser sede de uma partida de futebol ou ser a cidade da equipe visitante). O que sim evidenciam é que há aumentos nas lesões corporais e furtos a pessoas a medida que aumenta a assistência ao estádio. A assistência no pareceter efeito sobre os homicídios. Não obstante o que precede, os aumentos de lesões corporais e furtos a pessoas não parecem ser económicamente significativos para o período de oito horas dentro do qual se jogou a partida nem a nível agregado anual para as vinte cidades.
Subject(s)
Humans , Soccer , Theft , Homicide , CrimeABSTRACT
ABSTRACT: Coffee crops play an important role in Brazilian agriculture, with a high level of social and economic participation resulting from the jobs created in the supply chain and from the income obtained by producers and the revenue generated for the country from coffee bean export. In coffee plant growth, leaves have a determinant role in higher production; therefore, the leaf count per plant provides relevant information to producers for adequate crop management, such as foliar fertilizer applications. To describe count data, the Poisson model is the most commonly employed model; when count data show overdispersion, the negative binomial model has been determined to be more adequate. The objective of this study was to compare the fitness of the Poisson and negative binomial models to data on the leaf count per plant in coffee seedlings. Data were collected from an experiment with a randomized block design with 30 treatments and three replicates and four plants per plot. Data from only one treatment, in which the number of leaves was counted over time, were employed. The first count was conducted on 8 April 2016, and the other counts were performed 18, 32, 47, 62, 76, 95, 116, 133, and 153 days after the first evaluation, for a total of ten measurements. The fitness of the models was assessed based on deviance values and simulated envelopes for residuals. Results of fitness assessment indicated that the Poisson model was inadequate for describing the data due to overdispersion. The negative binomial model adequately fitted the observations and was indicated to describe the number of leaves of coffee plants. Based on the negative binomial model, the expected relative increase in the number of leaves was 0.9768% per day.
RESUMO: A cultura do café desempenha papel relevante na agricultura do Brasil, com expressiva participação social e econômica tanto pelos empregos gerados na cadeia produtiva, bem como pela renda obtida pelos produtores e pelas divisas geradas para o país na exportação do grão. No crescimento das plantas de café, as folhas desempenham papel decisivo para que tenha maior produção, portanto a contagem do número de folhas por planta fornece informações importantes aos produtores para o manejo adequado da cultura como, por exemplo, a aplicação de adubações foliares. Em geral, na descrição de dados obtidos por contagem, o modelo mais utilizado é o Poisson, sendo que quando os dados apresentam superdispersão, o modelo Binomial Negativo tem se mostrado mais adequado. O objetivo deste trabalho foi comparar o ajuste dos modelos de Poisson e Binomial Negativo em dados de contagens do número de folhas por planta em mudas do cafeeiro. Os dados foram obtidos de um experimento usando o delineamento em blocos casualizados com trinta tratamentos e três repetições com quatro plantas por parcela. Foram utilizados os dados de apenas um tratamento no qual foi feita a contagem do número de folhas ao longo do tempo. A primeira avaliação foi feita em 8 de abril de 2016 e as demais aos 18, 32, 47, 62, 76, 95, 116, 133 e 153 dias após a primeira avaliação, totalizando dez medidas. A adequação dos mesmos foi verificada com base nos valores da Deviance e no envelope simulado para os resíduos. Os resultados do ajuste indicaram que o modelo Poisson foi inadequado para descrição dos dados devido a superdispersão. O modelo Binomial Negativo se ajustou adequadamente e foi indicado para descrever o número de folhas das plantas do cafeeiro. Com base no modelo Binomial Negativo o aumento relativo esperado para o número de folhas foi de 0,9768% para cada dia.
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Abstract INTRODUCTION: This study aimed to analyze social factors involved in the spatial distribution and under-reporting of tuberculosis (TB) in the city of Vitória, Espírito Santo State, Brazil. METHODS: This was an ecological study of the reported cases of TB between 2009 and 2011, according to census tracts. The outcome was TB incidence for the study period and the variables of exposure were proportions of literacy, inhabitants with an income of up to half the minimum monthly wage (MMW), and inhabitants associated with sewer mains or with access to safe drinking water. We used a zero-inflated process, zero-inflated negative binomial regression (ZINB), and selected an explanatory model based on the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC). RESULTS: A total of 588 cases of tuberculosis were reported in Vitória during the study period, distributed among 223 census tracts (38.6%), with 354 (61.4%) tracts presenting zero cases. In the ZINB model, the mean value of p i was 0.93, indicating that there is a 93% chance that an observed false zero could be due to sub-notification. CONCLUSIONS: It is important to prioritize areas exhibiting determinants that influence the occurrence of TB in the municipality of Vitória. The zero-inflated model can be useful to the public health sector since it identifies the percentage of false zeros, generating an estimate of the real epidemiological condition of TB in Vitória.
Subject(s)
Humans , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/epidemiology , Socioeconomic Factors , Brazil/epidemiology , Incidence , Small-Area Analysis , Disease Notification , Spatial AnalysisABSTRACT
Abstract The rocky shores in Chile have a wide invertebrate species diversity, that include species with marked abundances in determined regions. The aim of the present study is to analyse the spatial distribution pattern in different marine invertebrate species in rocky shore of Araucania region, considering if these species have random, uniform or associated patterns, and extrapolate if these patterns have Poisson, binomial or negative binomial distribution respectively. The results revealed the presence mainly of gastropods molluscs that would graze on benthic algae, these species have mainly aggregated pattern that has a robust negative binomial distribution pattern. The obtained results agree with observations for marine benthic fauna that mentioned the presence of aggregated pattern, has negative binomial distribution. Other ecological topics about spatial distribution were discussed.
Resumo As costas rochosas no Chile têm uma ampla diversidade de espécies de invertebrados, que incluem espécies com abundância marcada em determinadas regiões. O objetivo do presente estudo é analisar o padrão de distribuição espacial em diferentes espécies de invertebrados marinhos na costa rochosa da região de Araucanía, considerando se essas espécies possuem padrões aleatórios, uniformes ou associados, e extrapolar se esses padrões possuem distribuição binomial de Poisson, binomial ou negativa. respectivamente. Os resultados revelaram a presença principalmente de moluscos gastrópodes que pastam em algas bentônicas, estas espécies têm principalmente agregado padrão que tem um padrão robusto de distribuição binomial negativa, padrão agregado de grupos, e a fauna de água doce que apresenta distribuição binomial negativa. Outros tópicos ecológicos sobre distribuição espacial foram discutidos.
ABSTRACT
OBJETIVO: analisar a tendência da mortalidade por câncer do colo do útero no estado do Rio Grande do Norte e em suas microrregiões de saúde, no período de 1996 a 2010, e realizar projeções para os quinquênios, de 2011 a 2030. MÉTODOS: estudo ecológico de series temporais; empregou-se regressão binomial negativa para análise das tendências e projeções. RESULTADOS: foram observadas taxas acima de 5,0 óbitos por 100 mil mulheres em todas as microrregiões, com tendência estacionária para o estado e ascendente nas microrregiões com piores condições socioeconômicas; as projeções indicaram redução nas taxas de mortalidade no estado, de 5,95/100 mil mulheres (2006-2010) para 3,67 (2026-2030), embora seja previsto aumento de 22% no número absoluto de óbitos. CONCLUSÃO: apesar da previsão de redução nas taxas de mortalidade, estas ainda apresentam-se elevadas, sinalizando a necessidade de revisão e fortalecimento do programa de controle do câncer do colo do útero no estado.
OBJECTIVE: to analyze cervical cancer mortality trends in the state of Rio Grande do Norte and its health micro-regions from 1996 to 2010, as well as to make projections for five-year periods from 2011 to 2030. METHODS: this was an ecological time series study; negative binomial regression was used to analyze trends and projections. RESULTS: rates above 5.0 deaths per 100,000 women were observed in all the micro-regions, with a stationary trend in the state as a whole and an upward trend in the micro-regions with the worst socioeconomic conditions; projections indicated reduction in mortality rates in the state, from 5.95/100,000 women (2006-2010) to 3.67 (2026-2030), although a 22% increase in the absolute number of deaths is expected. CONCLUSION: although a reduction in mortality rates is projected, they continue to be high, indicating the need for review and strengthening of the state's cervical cancer control program.
OBJETIVO: analizar la tendencia de mortalidad por cáncer de cuello de útero en el estado de Rio Grande del Norte (RN) y en sus microrregiones de salud, en el período de 1996 a 2010, así como realizar proyecciones para los períodos quinquenales entre 2011 y 2030. MÉTODOS: estudio ecológico de series de tiempo; se utilizó regresión binomial negativa para analizar tendencias y proyecciones. RESULTADOS: observamos tasas de 5.0 muertes por cada 100 mil mujeres en todas las microrregiones, con una tendencia estacionaria para el estado y ascendente en las microrregiones con peores condiciones socioeconómicas. Las proyecciones mostraron una reducción en las tasas de mortalidad en el estado, de 5.95/100 mil mujeres (2006-2010) para 3.67 (2026-2030), aunque se espere un aumento de 22% en el número absoluto de muertes. CONCLUSIÓN: a pesar del pronóstico de reducción de las tasas de mortalidad, estas siguen siendo altas, lo que indica la necesidad de revisar y fortalecer el programa de control de cáncer de cuello uterino en el estado.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Mortality/trends , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/mortality , Binomial Distribution , Ecological Studies , Forecasting , Time Series StudiesABSTRACT
El objetivo de este trabajo fue generar informacion acerca de cuál es el modelo de disposición espacial de Vatiga spp. en el cultivo de la yuca. Se realizaron muestreos en dos áreas comerciales de 2500 m², divididas en 100 parcelas. Se contaron adultos y de ninfas de Vatiga spp. en las hojas basales y medias de la planta. En total, se realizaron doce muestreos quincenalmente, desde febrero hasta abril de 2014, época de mayor incidencia de esta plaga. De forma general, a través de los índices de dispersión (varianza/media, índice de Morisita y exponente K) y las distribuciones de frecuencia, se observa que la distribución espacial de Vatiga spp. es agregada, es decir, el padrón de distribución Binomial Negativa fue el que resultó de mejor ajuste a los datos obtenidos a campo, con el conteo de los individuos.
The aim of this study was to generate information about which is the model of spatial distribution of Vatiga spp. in the cassava culture. Sampling was conducted in two commercial areas of 2,500 m², divided into 100 plots. Adults and nymphs of Vatiga spp. were counted in the basal and medium plant leaves. In all, twelve samples were taken fortnightly from February to April 2014, when occurs the highest incidence of this pest. Based in the indices of dispersion (variance/mean, Morisita index and K exponent) and the frequency distributions, it was observed that the spatial distribution of Vatiga spp. is aggregate, it means that the standard Negative Binomial distribution was the best fit to the field data obtained, with the counting direction of individuals.
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BACKGROUND: Despite the declining trend of workplace accidents in Republic of Korea, its level is still quite high compared with that in other developed countries. Factors that are responsible for high workplace accidents have not been well documented in Republic of Korea. The main purpose of this paper is to estimate the effects of unions and health and safety committees on workplace accidents in Korean manufacturing firms. We also allow for the interactions between unions and health and safety committees in the analysis. The results obtained in this paper will not only contribute to the literature in this field, but might also be useful for employers and worker representatives who are trying to find an effective way to reduce workplace accidents. METHODS: This paper utilizes the 2012 Occupational Safety and Health Trend Survey data, which is a unique data set providing information on workplace injuries and illness as well as other characteristics of participatory firms, representative of the manufacturing industry in Republic of Korea. RESULTS: In estimating the effects of unions and health and safety committees, we build a negative binomial regression model in which the interactions between unions and health and safety committees are permissible in reducing workplace accidents. CONCLUSION: Health and safety committees were found to reduce the incidence of accidents whereas unionized establishments have higher incidence of accidents than nonunionized establishments. We also found that health and safety committees can more effectively reduce accidents in nonunionized establishments. By contrast, nonexclusive joint committees can more effectively reduce accidents in unionized establishments.
Subject(s)
Dataset , Developed Countries , Incidence , Joints , Occupational Health , Republic of KoreaABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Suicide is one of important health problems in Korea. Previous studies showed factors associated with suicide in individual levels. However, suicide was influenced by society that individuals belong to, so it was required to analyze suicide in local levels. The purpose of this study was to analyze the regional disparities of suicide mortality by gender and the association between local characteristics and suicide mortality. METHODS: This study included 229 city.county.district administrative districts in Korea. Age- and sex-standardized suicide mortality and age-standardized suicide mortality (male/female) were used as dependent variables. City.county.district types, socio-demographics (number of divorces per 1,000 population, number of marriages per 1,000 population, and single households), financial variable (financial independence), welfare variable (welfare budget), and health behavior/status (perceived health status scores and EuroQol-5 dimension [EQ-5D]) were used to represent the local characteristics. We used hot-spot analysis to identify the spatial patterns of suicide mortality and negative binomial regression analysis to examine factors affecting suicide mortality. RESULTS: There were differences in distribution of suicide mortality and hot-spot regions of suicide mortality by gender. Negative binomial regression analysis provided that city.county.district types (city), number of divorces per 1,000 population, financial independence, and EQ-5D had significant influences on the age- and sex-standardized suicide mortality per 100,000. Factor influencing suicide mortality was the number of divorces per 1,000 population in both male and female. CONCLUSION: Study results provided evidences that suicide mortality among regions was differed by gender. Health policy makers will need to consider gender and local characteristics when making policies for suicides.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Divorce , Health Policy , Korea , Marriage , Mortality , Spatial Analysis , SuicideABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the associations between the monthly number of dengue fever(DF) cases and possible risk factors in Guangzhou, a subtropical city of China.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The monthly number of DF cases, Breteau Index (BI), and meteorological measures during 2006-2014 recorded in Guangzhou, China, were assessed. A negative binomial regression model was used to evaluate the relationships between BI, meteorological factors, and the monthly number of DF cases.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total of 39,697 DF cases were detected in Guangzhou during the study period. DF incidence presented an obvious seasonal pattern, with most cases occurring from June to November. The current month's BI, average temperature (Tave), previous month's minimum temperature (Tmin), and Tave were positively associated with DF incidence. A threshold of 18.25 °C was found in the relationship between the current month's Tmin and DF incidence.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Mosquito density, Tave, and Tmin play a critical role in DF transmission in Guangzhou. These findings could be useful in the development of a DF early warning system and assist in effective control and prevention strategies in the DF epidemic.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , China , Epidemiology , Culicidae , Physiology , Dengue , Epidemiology , Epidemics , Population Density , Time Factors , WeatherABSTRACT
Resumen: Objetivo Estimar la prevalencia y algunos factores asociados a la violencia de pareja en mujeres de Ecatepec, Estado de México. Material y métodos Se aplicó una encuesta sobre violencia de pareja en una muestra representativa de mujeres adultas. Se estimó un modelo binomial negativo inflado de ceros para identificar los factores asociados a la presencia y ausencia de violencia. Resultados Una de cada tres mujeres reportaron eventos de violencia de pareja. Los factores asociados fueron: escolaridad, violencia durante la infancia, la interrupción de un embarazo, consumo frecuente de alcohol de la pareja masculina, la limitada capacidad para la toma de decisiones y la presencia de estereotipos de género rígidos y tradicionales. Conclusiones La violencia de pareja es un problema frecuente en Ecatepec y se requiere instrumentar programas de intervención enfocados en el manejo de sus determinantes en este contexto sociocultural.
Abstract: Aim To estimate the prevalence and factors associated with intimate partner violence among women at Ecatepec, Estado de Mexico. Material and methods Was applied a survey to a representative sample of adult women from Ecatepec, Estado de Mexico about magnitude and correlates of intimate partner violence. Was estimated a zero-inflated negative binomial model to simultaneously identify factors associated with the presence and absence of violence. Results 33% of women reported intimate partner violence events. Factors associated with intimate partner violence were: schooling, childhood abuse, abortion, partner alcohol consumption, non-shared couple decision making and gender stereotypes. Conclusion Intimate partner violence is a public health problem in Ecatepec, requiring the instrumentation of intervention programs focused in its determinants for this sociocultural context.
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Objective To estimate the rates due to influenza-associated-excess-hospitalization in children aged 0-14 years in Wuxi city,Jiangsu province in 2005-2010. Methods We collected data on hospitalization due to influenza,pneumonia and other respiratory diseases from fourteen 2nd level or above hospitals in Wuxi,as well as data on influenza virological surveillance in southern China to fit the negative binomial regression models,to estimate the rate on influenza-associated-excess hospitalization. Results During 2005-2010,an average annual hospitalization rate appeared as 91.6‰(79.2‰-99.3‰). Among the total hospitalization eases,respiratory diseases accounted for 54.2%,while both influenza and pneumonia accounted for 38.1%. The average annual influenza-associated-excess-hospitalization rates due to influenza and pneumonia appeared as 1.28‰(95%CI:0.29‰-4.84‰),while 2.18‰(95%CI:0.61‰-6.79‰) due to respiratory diseases. In 2009,A(H1N1)pdm induced influenza pandemic caused 993 excess hospitalizations due to influenza/pneumonia and 1 042 excess hospitalizations due to respiratory diseases,with rates as 1.14‰ and 1.20‰ respectively. Conclusion Both seasonal and pandemic A(H1N1)pdm influenza caused considerable burden on hospitalization in children aged 0-14 years in Wuxi.
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Objective To estimate the rates due to influenza-associated-excess-hospitalization in children aged 0-14 years in Wuxi city,Jiangsu province in 2005-2010. Methods We collected data on hospitalization due to influenza,pneumonia and other respiratory diseases from fourteen 2nd level or above hospitals in Wuxi,as well as data on influenza virological surveillance in southern China to fit the negative binomial regression models,to estimate the rate on influenza-associated-excess hospitalization. Results During 2005-2010,an average annual hospitalization rate appeared as 91.6‰(79.2‰-99.3‰). Among the total hospitalization eases,respiratory diseases accounted for 54.2%,while both influenza and pneumonia accounted for 38.1%. The average annual influenza-associated-excess-hospitalization rates due to influenza and pneumonia appeared as 1.28‰(95%CI:0.29‰-4.84‰),while 2.18‰(95%CI:0.61‰-6.79‰) due to respiratory diseases. In 2009,A(H1N1)pdm induced influenza pandemic caused 993 excess hospitalizations due to influenza/pneumonia and 1 042 excess hospitalizations due to respiratory diseases,with rates as 1.14‰ and 1.20‰ respectively. Conclusion Both seasonal and pandemic A(H1N1)pdm influenza caused considerable burden on hospitalization in children aged 0-14 years in Wuxi.
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This paper describes the frequency and number of Sphyrion laevigatum in the skin of Genypterus blacodes, an important economic resource in Chile. The analysis of a spatial distribution model indicated that the parasites tended to cluster. Variations in the number of parasites per host could be described by a negative binomial distribution. The maximum number of parasites observed per host was two.
Este artigo descreve a frequência e o número de Sphyrion laevigatum da pele de Genypterus blacodes, o qual é um importante recurso econômico no Chile. A análise baseada em modelos de distribuição espacial, demonstrou que os parasitos tendem a ficar agrupados. A variação numérica de parasitas por hospedeiro pode ser descrita por distribuição binomial negativa. O número máximo observado de parasitas por hospedeiro foi dois.