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Objective:To systematically evaluate the effectiveness and feasibility of aerobic exercise intervention in schizophrenia patients.Methods:Randomized controlled trials on exercise interventions for patients with schizophrenia were searched in eight databases from built up to March 2023, including China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), VIP Database for Chinese Technical Periodicals (VIP), WanFang Data, China Biomedical Literature Database, PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE and Web of Science. The positive and negative symptom scale (PANSS) and its sub-scales were used as primary outcome indicators, and the negative symptom scale (SANS) and body mass index (BMI) were used as secondary indicators, and Meta-analysis was performed using R 4.1.0 and Stata 14.0.Results:Forty-seven studies including 3 139 patients with schizophrenia were included. Results of a network Meta-analysis based on 24 studies showed that aerobic exercise may be the most effective measure for reducing total PANSS scores in patients with schizophrenia. Compared to conventional treatment, combining aerobic exercise intervention improved patients' PANSS total score (MD= -5.09, 95% CI: -5.90~-4.28), SANS (MD= -12.17, 95% CI: -14.25~-10.10), and BMI (MD=-1.59, 95% CI: -1.93~-1.25). Meanwhile, subgroup analysis showed that 2 months of intervention was more appropriate (MD=-6.12, 95% CI: -7.22~-5.02) and the weekly total exercise time for 140-260 min was more appropriate (MD=-8.59, 95% CI: -12.93~-4.25) in terms of total PANSS score. The adherence rates between the trial and control groups showed no significant difference between the aerobic exercise intervention combined with conventional treatment and conventional treatment alone( P>0.05). Conclusion:Aerobic exercise intervention is an effective measure to relieve the symptoms of schizophrenia patients and has good compliance among inpatients.
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Objective @#To explore the difference of serum inflammatory factors in patients with first episode schizo- phrenia , patients with relapse episode schizophrenia and healthy people , and the correlation between serum inflam- matory factors with negative symptoms in patients with schizophrenia , so as to provide reference for clinical inter- vention .@*Methods @#A total of 86 patients with first episode schizophrenia (first episode group) , 80 patients with re- lapse episode schizophrenia ( relapse episode group) and 82 healthy people ( control group) were included in the study. The difference of serum inflammatory factors among the three groups and the correlation between serum inflammatory factors with negative symptoms were analyzed .@*Results @#There were significant differences in serum interleukin (IL) -1βand IL-16 levels among the three groups (P < 0. 05) . The analysis and comparison between the two groups showed that the serum IL-1βin first episode group was significantly higher than that in relapse episode group and control group(P < 0. 05) , serum IL-16 in first episode group and relapse episode group was significantly higher than that in control group(P < 0. 05) . Serum IL-1βwas negatively correlated with PANSS general psycho- pathological scale factor score in first episode group( P < 0. 05) , and serum IL-16 was positively correlated with PANSS negative symptom scale factor score in relapse episode group( P < 0. 05) . IL-16 level might be an inde- pendent risk factor affecting the onset of first episode group and relapse episode group(P < 0. 05) . @*Conclusion@#There are differences in serum levels of IL-1βand IL-16 between patients with schizophrenia and healthy people . Serum IL-16 levels in patients with relapse episode schizophrenia are associated with negative symptoms . IL-16 lev- el may be an independent risk factor for schizophrenia.
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Objective:To investigate the efficacy of work-amusement activities combined with daytime rehabilitation technology for schizophrenia in remission.Methods:A total of 218 patients with schizophrenia in remission who received treatment in Shaoxing 7 th People's Hospital from September 2018 to April 2020 were prospectively included in this study. They were randomly divided into an observation group ( n = 109) and a control group ( n = 109). Both groups were treated with routine drugs. Based on this, the control group was treated with daytime rehabilitation technology, and the observation group was treated with daytime rehabilitation technology combined with work-amusement activities. After 12 weeks of treatment, curative effect, Positive and Negative Symptom Scale (PANSS) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scores were compared between the two groups. Results:After 12 weeks of treatment, total response rate in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group (91.74% vs. 77.06%, χ2 = 8.92, P < 0.05). After treatment, PANSS score in the observation group was significantly decreased compared with that before treatment [(33.12 ± 4.19) points vs. (40.54 ± 5.32) points, t = 11.44, P < 0.05). After treatment, PANSS score in the control group was significantly decreased compared with that before treatment [(35.02 ± 4.33) points vs. (40.54 ± 5.32) points, t = 8.55, P < 0.05). After treatment, PANSS score in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group ( t = 3.29, P < 0.05). After treatment, MoCA score in the observation group was significantly increased compared with that before treatment [(27.14 ± 2.89) points vs. (23.39 ± 2.48) points, t = 10.28, P < 0.05]. After treatment, MoCA score in the control group was significantly increased compared with that before treatment [(26.02 ± 2.73) points vs. (23.41 ± 2.56) points, t = 7.28, P < 0.05]. After treatment, MoCA score in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group ( t = 2.94, P < 0.05). Conclusion:The efficacy of work-amusement activities combined with daytime rehabilitation technology is marked on schizophrenia in remission, which can markedly improve mental symptoms and cognitive function.
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Objective:To investigate the expression and significance of microRNA-21 (miRNA-21) and microRNA-181b (miRNA-181b) in the peripheral blood of patients with schizophrenia.Methods:A total of 100 patients with schizophrenia who received treatment in Shaoxing 7 th People's Hospital from March 2020 to March 2022 were included in the study group. An additional 30 healthy controls who concurrently underwent physical examination were included in the control group. The expression of miRNA-21 and miRNA-181b in peripheral blood was compared between the two groups. The 100 patients with schizophrenia received standardized clinical treatment. Their mental symptoms were evaluated with the Positive and Negative Symptom Scale (PANSS). miRNA-21 and miRNA-181b expression and PANSS scores before and 1, 4, 8, and 12 weeks after treatment were collected and compared between the two groups. The receiver operating characteristic curve was plotted to analyze the value of miRNA-21 and miRNA-181b expression in the diagnosis of schizophrenia. Results:Serum miRNA-21 and miRNA-181b expression in the study group were (2.41 ± 1.12) and (15.62 ± 2.26), respectively, which were significantly higher than (0.73 ± 0.37) and (8.11 ± 0.98) in the control group ( t = 8.07,17.67, both P < 0.05). With the prolongation of treatment time, serum miRNA-21 and miRNA-181b expression and PANSS score in the study group gradually decreased (all P < 0.001). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve plotted for evaluating the value of miRNA-21 and miRNA-181b expression in the diagnosis of schizophrenia was 0.616 and 0.683, respectively. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve plotted for evaluating the value of miRNA-21 combined with miRNA-181b expression in the diagnosis of schizophrenia was 0.788, which was markedly higher than that for the detection of miRNA-21 or miRNA-181b expression alone. Conclusion:miRNA-21 and miRNA-181b are abnormally highly expressed in the peripheral blood of patients with schizophrenia. Both of them can be used as objective and effective indicators for early diagnosis of schizophrenia. Combined detection of miRNA-21 and miRNA-181b provides higher accuracy in the diagnosis of schizophrenia than the detection of miRNA-21 or miRNA-181b alone.
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Objective:To correlate serum homocysteine (Hcy) level with psychiatric symptoms and social ability in patients with schizophrenia.Methods:A total of 143 patients with schizophrenia who received treatment in the Third Hospital of Quzhou from January 2018 to January 2020 were included in this study. They were randomly divided into abnormal Hcy group (Hcy ≥ 10) μmol/L, n = 46) and normal Hcy group (Hcy < 10 μmol/L, n = 97) according to different serum Hcy levels. Baseline data, the scores of the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), and the Substance Dependence Severity Scale (SDSS) were compared between the two groups. The correlation between serum Hcy level and psychiatric symptoms and social ability was analyzed using the Pearson correlation analysis. Results:PANSS total score and BPRS total score were (77.86 ± 8.37) points and (94.47 ± 9.36) points, respectively in the abnormal Hcy group, and (74.37 ± 7.94) points and (90.35 ± 9.26) points, respectively in the normal Hcy group. There were significant differences in PANSS total score and BPRS total score between the two groups ( t = 2.41, 2.47, both P < 0.05). SDSS total score was significantly higher in the abnormal Hcy group than in the normal Hcy group [(11.75 ± 2.38) points vs. (10.53 ± 2.28) points, t = 2.88, P < 0.05]. Pearson correlation analysis showed that serum Hcy level was positively correlated with PANSS positive subscale score ( r = 0.73, P < 0.001), general mental symptom score ( r = 0.43, P = 0.032) and PANSS total score ( r = 0.53, P = 0.027), but it was not correlated with PANSS negative symptom score ( P > 0.05). Serum Hcy level was positively correlated with BPRS excitement subscale score ( r = 0.42, P = 0.037) and hostility subscale score ( r = 0.37, P = 0.047), but it was not correlated with anxiety, blunted affect, unusual thought content subscale scores and BPRS total score (all P > 0.05). Conclusion:Serum Hcy level is correlated with psychiatric symptoms and social ability in patients with schizophrenia. The higher the level of Hcy, the more severe the psychiatric symptoms, and the higher the degree of social disability.
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ObjectiveTo explore the anhedonia level and its relationship with cognitive function in patients with first-episode psychosis， and to analyze the influencing factors of cognitive function. MethodsA total of 143 first-episode psychiatric patients who met the diagnostic criteria of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders， fifth edition （DSM-5） in the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University from December 2016 to March 2019 were selected. Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale （PANSS） was used to evaluate the patient’s psychiatric symptoms， in which N2 （emotional withdrawal） and N4 （passive/apathetic social withdrawal） were used to assess the anhedonia level， and patients whose （N2+N4） scores beyond 4 were classified into anhedonia group， and those with （N2+N4） scores less than or equal to 4 were classified into non-anhedonia group. Hamilton Depression Scale-24 item （HAMD-24） was used to measure the depressive symptoms， and the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery （MCCB） was used to detect cognitive function. Then the clinical symptoms and cognitive function of two groups were compared， and the influencing factors of cognitive function were screened by multiple linear regression analysis. ResultsThe negative symptom score， general pathological symptom score and total score of PANSS in anhedonia group were significantly higher than those of non-anhedonia group， with statistical difference （P<0.05）. The score of working memory in adolescent subgroup， the scores of information processing speed， attention/alertness and vocabulary learning in adult subgroup of anhedonia group were lower than those of non-anhedonia group， with statistical difference （P<0.05）. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the anhedonia score and the duration of untreated psychosis were the influencing factors of working memory in adolescent subgroup （P<0.05）. ConclusionPatients with high levels of anhedonia suffer more severe mental symptoms and cognitive impairment， moreover， anhedonia is one of the influencing factors of working memory in adolescents.
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Objective: To explore the feature and influencing factors of anhedonia in schizophrenia. Methods: A total of 71 schizophrenia patients and 50 healthy controls were recruited during December 2018 and December 2019. Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) was used for assessing psychotic symptoms. Temporal Experience of Pleasure Scale (TEPS) and Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS) were applied to the evaluation of anhedonia and cognitive function respectively for each subject. Results: The evaluation result of TEPS showed both anticipatory and consummatory pleasure scores were lowered in patients with schizophrenia than those in healthy people (P=0.000). Stepwise linear regression analysis showed that negative subscale score of PANSS (B=-0.895, P=0.002) and delayed memory score of RBANS (B=0.265, P=0.001) were associated with anhedonia in schizophrenia. Conclusion: Patients with schizophrenia exhibit anticipatory and consummatory anhedonia, both of which are influenced by negative symptoms and delayed memory in schizophrenia.
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Objective To explore the characteristics of blood lipid level and cognitive impairment in first-episode schizophrenic patients with positive and negative symptoms, and their correlation. Meth-ods Seventy inpatients with first-episode schizophrenia were enrolled in the hospital. Their psychiatric symptoms were assessed by positive and negative syndrome scale ( PANSS). They were divided into two groups: positive symptoms group with 42 patients and negative symptoms group with 28 patients. All patients were assessed with the Chinese version of the measurement and treatment research to improve cognition in schizophrenia consensus cognitive battery (MCCB). The differences and characteristics of cognitive function between the two groups were compared. Body mass index (BMI),serum triglyceride,total cholesterol,low density lipoprotein and high density lipoprotein were recorded at admission,and the results were compared between the two groups. The correlation between cognitive assessment scores and metabolic indicators intra groups were analyzed using pearson correlation analysis. Results The scores of trail making test( TMT), brief assessment of cognition in schizophrenia-symbol encoding(BACS),Hopkins verbal learning test,maze and continuous performance test-identical pairs ( CPT-IP) in positive group (( 27. 13 ± 6. 89), ( 32. 97 ± 13. 69),(35. 70 ± 7. 52),(32. 63 ± 4. 59),( 33. 35 ± 11. 10)) were higher than those in negative group ((12. 90±14. 72),(19. 90±11. 98),(25. 80±5. 44),( 27. 50±5. 20),( 19. 89±11. 29),all P<0. 05). In terms of BMI and lipid metabolism indicators,the total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein levels in the negative group ((5. 03± 1. 42),( 3. 04 ± 1. 18)) were higher than those in the positive group ((4. 18± 0. 78),(2. 45±0. 64)),and the difference was statistically significant (P<0. 05). In negative group,total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein were negatively correlated with the scores of TMT ( r=-0. 469,-0. 751),BACS( r=-0. 517,-0. 538) and CPT-IP ( r=-0. 495,-0. 542) in cognitive function(all P<0. 05). Conclusion First-episode schizophrenia patients with positive and negative symptoms have similar lesion dimensions in cognitive function, but patients with negative symptoms are more severely impaired. There are differences in lipid metabolism between first-episode schizophrenia patients with positive dominant symptoms and negative dominant symptoms,and the lipid metabolism of first-episode schizophrenia patients with negative dominant symptoms is related to cognitive function.
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Objective@#To explore the characteristics of blood lipid level and cognitive impairment in first-episode schizophrenic patients with positive and negative symptoms, and their correlation.@*Methods@#Seventy inpatients with first-episode schizophrenia were enrolled in the hospital.Their psychiatric symptoms were assessed by positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS). They were divided into two groups: positive symptoms group with 42 patients and negative symptoms group with 28 patients.All patients were assessed with the Chinese version of the measurement and treatment research to improve cognition in schizophrenia consensus cognitive battery (MCCB). The differences and characteristics of cognitive function between the two groups were compared.Body mass index (BMI), serum triglyceride, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein and high density lipoprotein were recorded at admission, and the results were compared between the two groups.The correlation between cognitive assessment scores and metabolic indicators intra groups were analyzed using pearson correlation analysis.@*Results@#The scores of trail making test(TMT), brief assessment of cognition in schizophrenia-symbol encoding(BACS), Hopkins verbal learning test, maze and continuous performance test-identical pairs(CPT-IP) in positive group((27.13±6.89), (32.97±13.69), (35.70±7.52), (32.63±4.59), (33.35±11.10)) were higher than those in negative group ((12.90±14.72), (19.90±11.98), (25.80±5.44), (27.50±5.20), (19.89±11.29), all P<0.05). In terms of BMI and lipid metabolism indicators, the total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein levels in the negative group ((5.03±1.42), (3.04±1.18)) were higher than those in the positive group ((4.18±0.78), (2.45±0.64)), and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). In negative group, total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein were negatively correlated with the scores of TMT(r=-0.469, -0.751), BACS(r=-0.517, -0.538) and CPT-IP(r=-0.495, -0.542) in cognitive function(all P<0.05).@*Conclusion@#First-episode schizophrenia patients with positive and negative symptoms have similar lesion dimensions in cognitive function, but patients with negative symptoms are more severely impaired.There are differences in lipid metabolism between first-episode schizophrenia patients with positive dominant symptoms and negative dominant symptoms, and the lipid metabolism of first-episode schizophrenia patients with negative dominant symptoms is related to cognitive function.
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OBJECTIVES: In the treatment of schizophrenia, treatment compliance is an important prognostic factor. As insight has a significant impact on treatment compliance, an appropriate assessment of insight is essential in the treatment of schizophrenia. This study examined the reliability and validity of the Korean version of Birchwood Insight Scale (BIS). METHODS: Fifty seven adult patients diagnosed with schizophrenia according to DSM-5 were recruited from a university hospital. They were evaluated using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), The Scale to Assessment Unawareness of Mental Disorder (SUMD) and BIS. Explorative factor analysis was performed to examine the construct validity of the Korean version of BIS. Concurrent validity was evaluated by a comparison with the PANSS G12 item and SUMD. The test-retest correlation was evaluated to examine the test-retest reliability. Multiple regression analysis was performed to examine the variables affecting insight. RESULTS: Explorative factor analysis showed that the Korean version of BIS was composed of 2 factors, which are ‘Awareness of symptoms’ and ‘Awareness of illness and need for treatment.’ The Korean version of BIS was reliable in terms of the internal consistency. Concurrent validity with the PANSS G 12 item and SUMD was statistically significant. The test-retest reliability was also statistically significant. Multiple regression analysis showed that the PANSS negative factor affects the BIS score, indicating that negative symptoms of schizophrenia may impair insight of the illness. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that the Korean version of BIS is a valid and reliable tool for assessing the insight of patients with schizophrenia.
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Adult , Humans , Compliance , Mental Disorders , Psychopathology , Reproducibility of Results , SchizophreniaABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the effect of venlafaxine combined with antipsychotic drugs in the treatment of negative symptoms of schizophrenia.Methods In this study, 60 patients with schizophrenia who were treated and diagnosed in ankang hospital of Hangzhou public security bureau from June 2015 to November 2016 were randomly divided into the experimental group and the control group according to the time of admission.The control group was only given antipsychotic(risperidone);enrolifloxacin combined with antipsychotics(risperidone)was used in the experimental group.The patients were evaluated with the positive and negative symptoms scale, and the side effects were assessed by the Adverse Reaction Symptom Scale(TESS).A 12-week study was conducted.Results Compared with the results of this experiment, the scores of PANSS and the scores of the two groups were not different between the two groups before and after treatment.4,8,12 weekend negative group of experimental group and the difference was very significant before treatment;8,12 weekend negative control group score and before treatment is relatively poor.There were significant differences in negative factor scores between the two groups at 4, 8 and 12 weeks.There was significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05).Conclusion Risperidone combined with venlafaxine is effective in the treatment of schizophrenia with negative symptoms.It has good curative effect and high safety.It is worth popularizing in clinic.
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Objective To explore the correlation of circRNAs' expression level to the negative-and positive symptoms of patients with schizophrenia (SZ).Methods Gene chip screening was performed with the peripheral blood samples from each five of SZ patients and normal controls.Nine circRNAs showing differentiate expression were confirmed,and further verification was done by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR in 102 SZ patients and 103 normal controls.All the SZ patients were assessed with Positive and Negative Symptom Scale (PANSS).Results It was revealed that the expression levels of circRNA_102101,circRNA_102315,circRNA_104597,circRNA_101835 and circRNA_101836 were significantly down-regulated (P＜0.01 or P＜0.05),and circRNA_103102 and circRNA_103704 were up-regulated in SZ group (P＜0.01).The ACT value of circRNA_102101 and circRNA_103102 was positively correlated to the positive symptoms (P＜0.01 or P＜0.05),and the ACT value of circRNA_103704 also showed positive correlation with positive symptoms and general psychopathological symptoms (P＜0.01 or P＜0.05).The ACT values of circRNA_102101,circRNA_103102,circRNA_102315,circRNA_103704 and circRNA_102802 were correlated with thinking disorder (P＜0.01 or P＜0.05),and the ACT values of circRNA_102101,circRNA_103102,circRNA_104597,circRNA_103704 and circRNA_102802 were correlated with the activation (P＜0.01 or P＜0.05).The ACT values of circRNA_102101,circRNA_103102,circRNA_103704 and circRNA_102802 were positively correlated with paranoid (P＜0.01 or P＜0.05),and of circRNA_102101,circRNA_103102,circRNA_103704 and circRNA_102802 were markedly correlated with assault (P＜0.01 or P＜0.05).Therefore,circRNA_103704 was chosen into regressive equation of positive symptoms (P＜0.01),and circRNA_103704 and circRNA_102315 were chosen into regressive equation of general pathological findings (P＜0.01 or P＜0.05).Conclusion The expression levels of circRNA_103704 and circRNA_103102 are obviously up-regulated in SZ patients than in normal controls,and markedly correlated with the negative and positive SZ symptoms,so might be the dominant regulatory factors in the pathological process of schizophrenia.
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Epidemiology indicates that schizophrenia affects approximately 8‰ of the world's population. The atypical (second and third generation) antipsychotics generally endowed with D2/5-HTHT2 receptors antagonism properties are commonly used as first-line drugs for the treatment of schizophrenia presently. They have been proven effective in the treatment of positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia, but they are largely ineffective in the treatment of cognitive deficit. Moreover, the atypical antipsychotics are usually associated with cardiovascular and metabolic side effects such as QT prolongation and weight gain. To develop more potent antipsychotics with fewer side effects, more targets have been identified such as D3, glutamate, H3 receptors and PDE10A in recent years. Herein, the research progress of antipsychotics is reviewed.
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OBJECTIVES: Disturbance in self-experience has been considered to be a core feature of schizophrenia. Evidence from mirror face-recognition tasks supports the connection between self-face recognition and self-awareness which is a part of self-experience. The aim of this study was to investigate the self-other boundary recognition using morphed face pictures in patients with schizophrenia. METHODS: Twenty-one patients with schizophrenia and twenty-three healthy controls completed the self-face recognition task that consisted of various morphed pictures. Participant's own picture was morphed with each of three different, unknown, gender-matched facial identities in steps of 10% ; each pair producing 11 images with graded blending of facial features. Thirty-three images in total were randomly presented as stimuli in a run, which was repeated three times. Participants were instructed to choose whether the stimulus was self-face or not. RESULTS: Self-face proportion was significantly lower in the schizophrenia group at both recognition start point I and II (33.33% vs. 53.04%, p<0.001 ; 61.43% vs. 70.87%, p=0.01, respectively). Using the mean value of each recognition start point in the control group, we calculated the difference in self-face proportion for each individual with schizophrenia. There was a significant correlation between the degree of this difference and total Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS) score at recognition start point I (r=0.507, p=0.019). CONCLUSION: The difference in self-other boundary recognition in this study may account for self-disturbance of schizophrenia. Its correlation with SANS total score may reflect the shared nature of persistent disturbance between the disturbance in self-experience and the negative symptom.
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Humans , SchizophreniaABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study is to investigate the factors related to long-term hospitalization of schizophrenia. METHODS: The subjects were inpatients with schizophrenia who were constantly hospitalized for more than 12 months and their caregivers. They were compared with schizophrenia with no previous experience of sustained hospitalization for more than 12 months and their caregivers. Demographic and clinical data, Korea version of the Positive and Negative Symptom Scale, functional disability and family burden scale were analyzed. RESULTS: In this study long-term hospitalization of schizophrenia was influenced by the following measures. First, primary caregivers variables such as parents/non-parents and cohabitation with patients, second, negative symptom severity of passive/apathetic social withdrawal and lack of spontaneity and flow of conversation, and third, functional disability of go to hospital/take a dose regularly and using public transportation/facilities were associated with long-term hospitalization. And they were significant in logistic regression analysis. CONCLUSION: The above results suggest that long-term hospitalization of schizophrenic patients in Korea might be affected by caregiver's factor, negative symptoms, and functional disability.
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Humans , Caregivers , Hospitalization , Inpatients , Korea , Logistic Models , SchizophreniaABSTRACT
Objective To evaluate the effect of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) level in patients with schizophrenia.Methods Eighty hospitalized schizophrenics with refractory negative symptoms,admitted to our hospital from September 2012 to October 2013 and met the diagnostic and statistical manual of Mental Disorders-4th Edition (DSM-Ⅳ),were randomly divided into study group (n=40) and sham-operated group (n=40).The rTMS of 10 Hz on left prefrontal lobe was performed in study group and sham stimulation was used in sham-operated group; and the kinds and dosages of antipsychotics were preserved as before; other 40 healthy subjects were used as control group.Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) was performed and serum BDNF level was measured before and 4 weeks after treatment in all patients.Results BDNF level in both study group and sham-operated group before and after treatment was significantly lower than that in the control group (P＜0.05).The total PANSS scores and negative symptom scale scores in the study group after treatment were significantly decreased as compared with those before treatment (71.2±13.8 vs.63.3±11.4,t=2.721,P=0.008; 18.4±5.9 vs.22.8±6.6,t=3.064,P=0.003),and the BDNF level was statistically increased (8.74±2.76 vs.6.78±2.16,t=3.447,P=0.001).After treatment,the study group had significantly lower negative symptom scale scores and higher BDNF concentration than sham-operated group (t=2.470,P=0.016; t=3.180,P=0.002).For total PANSS scores,negative symptom scale scores and general psychopathology scale scores,the changed values before and after treatment of study group were all significantly higher than those in the sham-operated group (7.8±3.5 vs.2.0±0.9,t=9.893,P=0.000; 4.4±1.9 vs.0.5±0.2,t=12.584,P=0.000; 2.8±1.0 vs.0.9±0.4,t=10.875,P=0.000).For the study group,the changes of BDNF concentration showed no obvious correlation with the total PANSS scores or negative symptom scale scores (r=-0.156-0.247,P＞0.05).Conclusions The rTMS of 10 Hz on the left prefrontal lobe can increase the serum BDNF concentration of the schizophrenia.There is no correlation between the changes of BDNF concentration and improved negative symptoms.
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ObjectiveAssess the efficacy of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in the treatment of schizophrenia and its social function .Methods 156 patients with schizophrenia were randomly assigned to a real rTMS treatment group (n=78) or a sham rTMS treatment group(n=78) ,each patient in the real rTMS group received 20 rTMS sessions over 4 weeks .Efficacy was evaluated using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) at baseline and at 4 weeks .Social function was evaluated u-sing the Personal and Social Performance Scale(PSP) at baseline and at 4 weeks .Results The study group is better than the control group in PANSS total and negative symptoms and PSP total after treatment (P<0 .05) .There is not serious adverse reactions in the treatment .Conclusion rTMS can reduce the negative symptoms and improve social function in schizophrenia with high safety .
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OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between subjective well-being and other clinical parameters such as sociodemographic and clinical variables, which include positive and negative symptoms, depressive symptoms, insight, and side effects. METHODS: Fifty-one outpatients diagnosed with schizophrenia were recruited in this study. Subjective well-being was assessed using a self-rating scale, the Subjective Well-being under Neuroleptics-Short form (SWN-K). Sociodemographic variables were also evaluated and other evaluations were conducted using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia (CDSS), Liverpool University Neuroleptic Side Effect Rating Scale (LUNSERS), Korean Version of the Revised Insight Scale for Psychosis (KISP), and Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS). The relationship between subjective well-being and these clinical variables was assessed. RESULTS: Education years and social support scores were positively correlated with the total SWN-K scores, but severity of illness, severity of depression, severity of side effect, and the scores on insight were negatively correlated. The stepwise multiple regression analyses indicated that the total SWN-K score of the patients with schizophrenia was associated with negative symptoms and insight. CONCLUSION: Better insight and more severe negative symptoms in patients with schizophrenia may be associated with worse subjective well-being. Results indicate that careful evaluation of subjective well-being is essential for proper management of patients with schizophrenia.
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Humans , Depression , Education , Outpatients , Psychotic Disorders , SchizophreniaABSTRACT
Objective To compare with the effect of high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) between the left and the right prefrontal on refractory negative symptoms and serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Methods 80 hospitalized schizophrenics with refractory negative symptoms were divided into study group (n=40) and control group (n=40) randomly. Both groups were received 4-week treatment of 10 Hz rTMS. The stimulus lo?cation of the study group was the left prefrontal, and the control group was the right prefrontal. The type and dose of anti?psychotics remained unchanged during the treatment. The evaluation of positive and negative symptom scale (PANSS) and the measurement of BDNF concentration before treatment and after 4 weeks treatment was analyzed. Results Com?pared with before treatment, the total score of PANSS after treatment significantly decreased (P<0.05) both in the study group [(71.2±13.8) vs. (63.3±11.4)] and the control group [(70.3±13.4) vs. (63.7±12.2)]. The score of negative symptoms in the study group decreased [(22.8±6.6) vs. (18.4±5.9), P<0.01]. The BDNF concentration increased in the study group ](6.78±2.16) vs. (8.74±2.76)] and the control group [(6.83±2.32) vs. (8.66±2.70)]. Conclusion 10Hz rTMS on the left pre?frontal combined with drugs are helpful to improve the refractory negative symptom of the patients with schizophrenia. Stimulation on both left and right prefrontal lobe could increase serum BDNF concentration.
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Objective To evaluate the influence of family intervention mode in patients with schizophrenia characterized by negative symptoms.Methods A total of 120 cases of hospitalized patients with schizophrenia characterized by negative symptoms were randomly divided into the observation group and the control group with 60 cases in each group.The observation group received treatment through family intervention mode based upon routine care,while the control group used routine care.Influences were assessed with Nurses’ Observation Scale for Inpatient Evaluation (NOSIE) and the Scale for Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS) before treatment and at the end of 6th,12th week treatment.Results No significant difference of NOSIE score or SANS score were found upon admission between the observation group and the control group.At the end of the 6th week or the 12th week,total and all factors’ scores of the NOSIE and SANS of both groups were better compared with pretreatment,the observation group was significantly better than the control group.Conclusions Family intervention model could significantly relieve the negative symptoms of schizophrenia,improve the patients’ clinical efficacy and is an effective adjunctive therapy for schizophrenia.