Variabilidade de preços de aquisição de medicamentos do grupo 1B do Componente Especializado da Assistência Farmacêutica / Variability in Drug Procurement within Group 1B of the Pharmaceutical Specialized Scheme in Brazil

Resumo No Sistema Único de Saúde os medicamentos do grupo 1 do Componente Especializado da Assistência Farmacêutica (CEAF) são financiados pela União e adquiridos de forma centralizada (grupo 1A) ou por cada Unidade Federativa (UF) (grupo 1B). Diferentemente de outros países onde se negocia um preço fixo a ser praticado no sistema público, no Brasil as aquisições são realizadas por licitação, o que pode levar a diferentes preços. Para permitir a comparação de preços, foi pactuada a obrigatoriedade de registro das aquisições públicas no Banco de Preços em Saúde (BPS). O estudo teve como objetivo analisar a variabilidade dos preços de medicamentos do grupo 1B adquiridos pelas UF do Brasil em 2021. Foram obtidas as aquisições de medicamentos do grupo 1B realizadas pelas Secretarias de Estado das 27 UF por consulta ao BPS excluindo-se os medicamentos sem preço de ressarcimento estabelecido em dezembro/2021. Foi obtido do Sistema de Informações Ambulatoriais o ressarcimento para cada UF. Verificou-se grande variabilidade dos preços de aquisição para cada medicamento entre as UF e dentro da mesma UF. O estudo demonstrou potencial iniquidade de acesso ao CEAF, privilegiando com menores preços UF mais favorecidas (maior população e riqueza).

Abstract In the Brazilian Health System (SUS), drugs covered by the Specialized Pharmaceutical Scheme (CEAF) receive federal funding and can be procured either centrally (Group 1A) or by individual states (Federal Units - UF) (Group 1B). Unlike other countries where national procurement prices are negotiated centrally by the government, public procurement in Brazil follows a public auction procedure, potentially resulting in varying purchase prices. To facilitate price comparisons, it is a legal requirement to register public acquisitions in the Health Prices Registry (BPS). This study aimed to assess the variability in the procurement prices for Group 1B drugs across the 27 Brazilian states during 2021. Data on the acquisitions of Group 1B drugs by the 27 Health Secretariats were obtained from the BPS. Drugs with no reported reimbursement prices as of December 2021 were excluded from the analysis. The total reimbursement amount for each state was sourced from the SUS Ambulatory Information System. The findings revealed significant variability in drug procurement prices both across and within states. The study underscored a potential disparity in CEAF access, favoring wealthier states (those with larger populations and higher economic status) by securing lower drug prices.

Entering the “Field”: Challenges of conducting fieldwork in an infertility clinic

Carrying out fieldwork in private infertility clinics poses its own specific set of challenges. Gaining access to these field sites not only obliges researchers to negotiate with gatekeepers but also to deal with structures of hierarchy and power. Based on my preliminary fieldwork in Lucknow city of Uttar Pradesh, I discuss the challenges of conducting fieldwork in infertility clinics and how methodological challenges push the researcher to question the academically established notions of the “field”, “fieldwork” and “research ethics”. The paper stresses the importance of discussing the challenges of doing fieldwork in private health setups and is an attempt to answer vital questions about the nature of fieldwork, how the fieldwork was conducted, and the need to include questions and dilemmas that anthropologists might face in the process of making decisions in the field.

Reclamos por atención en salud: experiencia en un centro privado / Analysis of healthcare claims received at an audit unit of a clinical hospital

Background: The resolution of claims at healthcare institutions is an important issue for administrators. Aim: To analyze the causes of healthcare-related claims in a private, clinical health center. Material and Methods: All claims processed at the audit unit of a clinical hospital between 2016 and 2019 were analyzed. Results: In the study period, 602 complaints were recorded, representing a rate of one claim for every 1,000 services provided. The two main causes of complaints were sub-standard interaction with the doctor such as communication or lack of empathy, corresponding to 21% of cases, and complaints related to care costs, quotes, and insurance coverage (21%). The highest number of complaints originated in emergency care, but the highest rate by number of healthcare services provided occurred in hospitalization in the Mental Health and the Adult Critical Care units. Roughly, 75% of the complaints were settled with a phone call to the patient, which allowed to explain what happened and to apologize accordingly. In 21% of the cases, one or more meetings were held with the patient, a family member, or his/her legal representative to settle an agreement. In 3.5% of cases a mediation process through an independent third party was required. Only 1% of the claims resulted in a legal action. Conclusions: The importance of cultivating an adequate physician-patient relationship for the prevention of complaints and eventual litigations associated with the provision of healthcare services, is emphasized. Quality control policies and processes within healthcare organizations should be strengthened.

Mediação de conflito: soluções propostas em atendimento a casos de violência contra a pessoa idosa / Conflict mediation: proposed solutions to deal with cases of violence against older people

Resumo Objetivo Descrever os motivos da violência contra pessoas idosas e as soluções propostas na mediação de conflito em um ambulatório especializado em geriatria e gerontologia do Distrito Federal, Brasil, entre os anos de 2008 a 2018. Método Estudo retrospectivo, documental, descritivo, com abordagem quantitativa, desenvolvido através da análise de informações obtidas em livros-ata da unidade, com registro de reuniões de mediação de conflito de casos de violência contra a pessoa idosa. A coleta abrangeu os motivos de violência contra a pessoa idosa e as soluções propostas na mediação de conflitos. Resultado: Foram analisados 111 casos. Os principais motivos da violência foram: sobrecarga do cuidador principal (77,4%); filhos acharem que os pais idosos eram capazes de se cuidarem sozinhos (27%); ressentimento dos filhos para com o idoso (24,3%); e desconhecimento da doença do idoso (14,4%). As principais soluções propostas foram: acompanhamento regular com médico (82,8%), assistente social e/ou psicólogo (58,5%); comprometimento de todos os filhos com a divisão dos cuidados e despesas dos pais idosos (52,2%); introdução da pessoa idosa em atividades sociais da comunidade (27%); e contratação de um cuidador formal (24,3%). Conclusão A sobrecarga do cuidador foi o principal motivo de conflito encontrado e as propostas apontadas se relacionavam a maior necessidade de cuidados em saúde com a pessoa idosa e seu cuidador, acerca disto, percebeu se a importância da disponibilidade de uma equipe multidisciplinar frente as situações de violência. A mediação de conflito permitiu o estabelecimento de estratégias reais e direcionadas para alcance de resultados frente aos casos de violência.

Abstract Objective To describe the reasons for violence against older people and the solutions proposed for conflict mediation in an outpatient clinic specialized in geriatrics and gerontology in the Federal District, Brazil, between 2008 and 2018. Method A retrospective, documentary, descriptive study with a quantitative approach developed with the analysis of information obtained in the unit's minutes books via the records of conflict mediation meetings in cases of violence against older people. The collection covered the reasons for violence against older people and the solutions proposed for conflict mediation. Result We analyzed 111 cases. The main reasons for the violence were main caregiver burden (77.4%), children thinking that their older parents were able to take care of themselves (27%), resentment of children towards their older parents (24.3%), and being unaware of the older person's disease (14.4%). The main solutions proposed were regular follow-up with a doctor (82.8%), social worker and/or psychologist (58.5%), the commitment of all children in sharing care and expenses of their older parents (52.2%), introducing the older person to social activities in the community (27%), and hiring a formal caregiver (24.3%). Conclusion The caregiver burden was the main cause for conflict found, and the proposals identified were related to the greater need for health care for the older person and their caregiver. In this regard, the importance of a multidisciplinary team available in situations of violence was perceived. Conflict mediation made it possible to establish real and targeted strategies to achieve results in cases of violence.

Negotiations in the Care of Chronically Ill Children: Building Possibilities in a Setting of Uncertainty / Negociações no Cuidado de crianças cronicamente adoecidas: construção de possibilidades em um cenário de incertezas

Abstract Interested in exploring the construction of the negotiations present in the decision relationships in complex chronic care in pediatric outpatient settings, we approach Anselm Strauss and the concept of negotiated order and Annemarie Mol with the concept of decision logic associated with Latour actor-network theory. We used an ethnographic perspective of health research in the pediatric and stomatherapy outpatient clinics of a hospital located in the city of Rio de Janeiro, from July to December 2017. The interpretation of the field converged to two major axes: diagnosis and therapeutic itineraries, where care was performed through negotiation networks. These concerned the organization of the lives of people related to this care. This whole negotiation process took place in a hybrid scenario, marked by blurring across borders, where caregivers constantly negotiated the recognition of their children. Depending on the spaces and times of interaction, the actors moved through different identities, in a negotiation between how they recognized themselves and how they were recognized by people in complex chronic care. Negotiations in the observed care relationships took place between the uncertainties inherent to the health condition and the possibilities of living with that diagnosis.

Resumo Interessados em explorar a construção das negociações presentes nas relações de decisões no cuidado crônico complexo em pediatria em ambiente ambulatorial, acessamos Anselm Strauss e o conceito de ordem negociada e Annemarie Mol com o conceito das lógicas das decisões associada à teoria ator-rede de Latour. Fizemos uso de uma perspectiva etnográfica da pesquisa em saúde nos ambulatórios de pediatria e estomaterapia de um hospital localizado na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, no período de julho a dezembro de 2017. A interpretação do campo convergiu para 2 grandes eixos: diagnóstico e itinerários terapêuticos, onde o cuidado foi performado por meio de redes de negociação. Estas disseram respeito à organização da vida das pessoas relacionadas a este cuidado. Todo este processo de negociação se deu num cenário híbrido, marcado por borramento entre fronteiras, onde os envolvidos com o cuidado negociavam constantemente o reconhecimento de suas crianças. Na dependência dos espaços e tempos de interação, os atores transitavam por diversas identidades, numa negociação entre como eles se reconheciam e como eram reconhecidos pelas pessoas no cuidado crônico complexo. As negociações no cuidado observadas se deram entre as incertezas inerentes à condição de saúde e às possibilidades de viver com aquele diagnóstico.

Riscos ocupacionais no trabalho agrícola e a negociação para a saúde do trabalhador rural' / Riesgos laborales en el trabajo agrícola y la negociación para la salud del trabajador rural / Occupational risks in agricultural work and the negotiation for the health of rural workers

Objetivo: apreender a relação entre riscos ocupacionais no trabalho agrícola e a negociação para a saúde do trabalhador rural. Método: estudo misto concorrente aninhado, combinado por integração (QUAN + QUAL) igualitária. Realizado com 351 agricultores, entre 2014/2015, por meio de formulário e entrevista semiestruturada. Para a análise, utilizou-se a estatística descritiva e inferencial e a classificação hierárquica descendente e a nuvem de palavras. Resultados: na fase QUAN, obteve-se idade média de 50,58 anos e predomínio de sintomas de adoecimento nos sistemas muscular, endócrino e urinário. Na fase QUAL, evidenciou-se que a negociação dos produtos agrícolas amplia a exposição dos trabalhadores a riscos físico, químico e ergonômico. O lucro representa o objetivo e permite o custeio de equipamentos, assistência à saúde e terapêutica medicamentosa, mediante o adoecimento. Conclusão: os riscos ocupacionais estão presentes no trabalho agrícola. A negociação reduz-se ao consumo de serviços e produtos de saúde em presença do adoecimento.

Objective: to understand the relationship between occupational risks in agricultural work and the negotiation for the health of rural workers. Method: mixed nested concurrent study, combined with equal integration (QUAN + QUAL). It was conducted with 351 farmers, between 2014/2015, using a form and semi-structured interview. For the analysis, descriptive and inferential statistics and the descending hierarchical classification, and the word cloud were used. Results: in the QUAN phase, the average age of 50.58 years old was obtained and a predominance of symptoms of illness in the muscular, endocrine, and urinary systems. In the QUAL phase, it became evident that the negotiation of agricultural products increases the exposure of workers to physical, chemical, and ergonomic risks. Profit represents the goal and allows for the cost of equipment, health care, and drug therapy, through illness. Conclusion: occupational risks are present in agricultural work. Negotiation is reduced to the consumption of health services and products in the presence of illness.

Objetivo: comprender la relación entre riesgos laborales en el trabajo agrícola y la negociación para la salud del trabajador rural. Método: estudio mixto concurrente anidado, combinado por integración (QUAN + QUAL) igualitaria. Fue realizado con 351 agricultores, entre 2014/2015, por medio de un formulario y una entrevista semi-estructurada. Para el análisis, se utilizó la estadística descriptiva e inferencial y la clasificación jerárquica descendiente y la nube de palabras. Resultados: en la fase QUAN, se obtuvo una edad media de 50,58 años y predominio de síntomas de enfermedades en los sistemas muscular, endócrino y urinario. En la fase QUAL, se observó que la negociación de los productos agrícolas amplia la exposición de los trabajadores a riesgos físico, químico y ergonómico. El lucro representa el objetivo y permite el costeo de equipamientos, asistencia a la salud y terapéutica medicamentosa, mediante la enfermedad. Conclusión: los riesgos laborales están presentes en el trabajo agrícola. La negociación se reduce al consumo de servicios y productos de salud en la presencia de la enfermedad.

La mediación sanitaria en Chile / Medical mediation in the international context

Mediation can approximate opposing positions and reach agreements that offer viable solutions for the problems posed by parties. The favorable results, the statements of the professionals and the welfare of the parties who participate in it are some of the reasons for its growth. Its fields of action are diverse, creating a space where the protagonists solve their problems and transform their relationships without having to resort to lengthy and costly legal processes to reach valid agreements. Mediation allows to dejudicialize health care and improve the relationships that are created in all its services. Its implantation in health organizations will favor a more humanized attention by eliminating conflicts, thus elevating the quality and degree of well-being of all the professionals who participate.

Mediación en el sistema público de salud: oportunidades para mejorar / Mediation in public healthcare: opportunities for improvement

Background: Mediation in healthcare is a non-adversarial process to resolve a dispute risen between patients and health providers during medical attention Aim: To characterize the mediation process taking place in the public health system in Chile, from its start until 2017. Material and Methods: Cross-sectional descriptive study. Under the Transparency Law, information about mediation processes between 2005 and 2017 was requested to the State Defense Council (CDE in its Spanish acronym). This data was complemented with the information available on the website of this agency. Results: Ninety four percent of the complaints filed at the CDE were deemed eligible for mediation. Only 19% of the concluded cases led to an agreement between the disputing parties. The agreements reached were mostly monetary compensation, medical assistance, and apologies/explanation of the facts. The average amount of compensation reached $14,862,088 (Chilean pesos). The most commonly claimed damage resulting from medical care was partial disability. The medical specialties more often claimed were Obstetrics and Gynecology, General Surgery, and Internal Medicine. Conclusions: The analysis of conducted mediations is a source of feedback for healthcare staff and health institutions. It would greatly contribute to prevent possible damage and medical conflicts, specially within the specialties with the most complaints. Improvements to the existing legislation are required to ensure free access for all the population.

Status, problems and improvement measures of health insurance reimbursement of national negotiated drugs used in outpatients / 中国药科大学学报

@#The access negotiations of National Reimbursement Drug List (NRDL) in China from 2017 to 2019 effectively improved the availability and affordability of high-value innovative drugs. However,the actual outpatient reimbursement of most negotiated drugs is lower,which affects the patients" health insurance funds. In this paper,97 negotiated drugs in 337 overall planning cities were selected as samples to analyze the outpatient reimbursement for negotiated drugs. The results showed that the reimbursement level of 40 negotiated drugs was less than 50% in over 70% cities,which can be mainly interpreted as absence or imperfection of outpatient reimbursement policies for special diseases. Finally,this paper puts forward suggestions and protocols for improving the outpatient medical insurance through realizing outpatient overall planning,improving outpatient reimbursement policies for special diseases,and exploring innovative payment,ensuring the achievement of the access to NRDL.

Cerebral Aneurysms in Judicial Precedents

OBJECTIVE: From November 30, 2016, the Korean Government carried the revised Medical Dispute Mediation and Arbitration Act into effect. Mediation will start automatically without agreements of the defendant, when the outcome of the patient was death, coma more than a month or severe disability. Cerebral aneurysm has a definite risk of bad outcome, especially in the worst condition. Any surgical intervention to this lesion has its own high risk of complications. Recently, Seoul central district court decided 50% responsibility of the doctors who made a rupture of the aneurysm during coiling (2015Ga-Dan5243104). We reviewed judicial precedents related to cerebral aneurysms in lawsuit using a web search. METHODS: We searched judicial precedents at a web search of the Supreme Court, using the key words, "cerebral aneurysm". RESULTS: There were 15 precedents, six from the Supreme Court, seven from the High Court, and two from district courts. Seven precedents were related to the causation analysis, such as work-relationship. Five precedents were malpractice suits related bad results or complications. Remaining three precedents were related to the insurance payment. In five malpractice precedents, two precedents of the Supreme Court reversed former two precedents of the High Court. CONCLUSION: Judicial precedents on the cerebral aneurysm included not only malpractice suits, but also causation analysis or insurance payment. Attention to these subjects is needed. We also need education of the independent medical examination. To avoid medical disputes, shared decision making seems to be useful, especially in cases of high risk condition or procedures.

Cerebral Aneurysms in Judicial Precedents

OBJECTIVE: From November 30, 2016, the Korean Government carried the revised Medical Dispute Mediation and Arbitration Act into effect. Mediation will start automatically without agreements of the defendant, when the outcome of the patient was death, coma more than a month or severe disability. Cerebral aneurysm has a definite risk of bad outcome, especially in the worst condition. Any surgical intervention to this lesion has its own high risk of complications. Recently, Seoul central district court decided 50% responsibility of the doctors who made a rupture of the aneurysm during coiling (2015Ga-Dan5243104). We reviewed judicial precedents related to cerebral aneurysms in lawsuit using a web search.METHODS: We searched judicial precedents at a web search of the Supreme Court, using the key words, "cerebral aneurysm".RESULTS: There were 15 precedents, six from the Supreme Court, seven from the High Court, and two from district courts. Seven precedents were related to the causation analysis, such as work-relationship. Five precedents were malpractice suits related bad results or complications. Remaining three precedents were related to the insurance payment. In five malpractice precedents, two precedents of the Supreme Court reversed former two precedents of the High Court.CONCLUSION: Judicial precedents on the cerebral aneurysm included not only malpractice suits, but also causation analysis or insurance payment. Attention to these subjects is needed. We also need education of the independent medical examination. To avoid medical disputes, shared decision making seems to be useful, especially in cases of high risk condition or procedures.

Implantação das mesas nacionais de negociação permanente do Sistema Único de Saúde em secretarias estaduais e municipais de saúde / Implementation of the Brazilian National Health System permanent negotiating tables in state and municipal health secretariats

O objetivo deste artigo é avaliar a implantação da mesa de negociação permanente e identificar os entraves e os avanços decorridos dos processos de negociação no âmbito dos estados e dos municípios brasileiros. O método usado foi estudo descritivo e exploratório, de abrangência nacional. A coleta de dados se deu em 2012 e 2013, por meio de survey com 519 gestores de saúde e grupos focais com 49 gestores e 11 integrantes da Mesa Nacional de Negociação Permanente. Dados foram analisados por estatística descritiva e por análise de conteúdo. Verificou-se existência de 132 mesas de negociação, das quais apenas 87 estão em funcionamento. Os principais motivos para não implantação das mesas são a falta de assessoria técnica e a utilização de outras ferramentas para negociação do trabalho. As principais mudanças nas relações de trabalho em decorrência da atuação das mesas de negociação foram a realização de concursos e de processos seletivos públicos, políticas de desprecarização do trabalho e a implantação de planos de cargos, carreiras e salários. Conclui-se que apesar da potencialidade das mesas como dispositivos de negociação, sua implantação e seu pleno funcionamento esbarram em grandes desafios. (AU)

This article aimed to evaluate the implementation status of the permanent negotiating tables and to identify the obstacles and the advances that have elapsed from the negotiation processes in the Brazilian states and cities. It was a descriptive and exploratory study of national scope. The data collection took place in 2012 and 2013, through a survey of 519 health managers and focus groups with 49 managers and 11 members of the National Permanent Negotiating Table. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and by content analysis. We identified 132 negotiating tables, of which only 87 are in operation. The main reasons for not deploying the tables are the lack of technical advice and the use of other tools for negotiating labor. The main changes in work relationships because of the negotiating tables were the holding of public tenders and selective processes, work valuation policies and the implementation of careers and salary plans. We concluded that despite the potential of the tables as negotiating devices, their implementation and full operation face great challenges. (AU)

Internação conjunta pediátrica: compreendendo a negociação enfermeiro-acompanhante / Pediatric rooming-in: understanding the negotiation between nurses and caregivers / Internación conjunta pediátrica: comprendiendo la negociación enfermero-acompañante

Estudo descritivo e exploratório, de natureza qualitativa, que teve como objetivo compreender a percepção de enfermeiros de uma unidade pediátrica sobre a inserção de familiares/acompanhantes no processo de cuidado. Realizou-se nos meses de junho e julho de 2011, por meio de entrevistas gravadas, com enfermeiras do setor de Pediatria de um hospital de ensino público que adota a prática de "Internação Conjunta Pediátrica". Mediante a Análise de Conteúdo, na modalidade Análise Temática, estabeleceram-se três eixos temáticos: Inserção do acompanhante na unidade de internação pediátrica; Desvelando a realidade de compartilhamento do cuidado com o acompanhante; Perspectivas para a efetividade da negociação do cuidado. Os resultados apontaram que há inconsistências no modo como o enfermeiro compreende a negociação do cuidado da criança e também na inserção do acompanhante nesse processo.

This descriptive, exploratory and qualitative study was performed with the objective to understand the perception that nurses of a pediatric unit have regarding the inclusion of relative/caregivers in the process of care. The subjects were nurses of the pediatric unit of a public teaching hospital that adopts "Pediatric Rooming-in". The subjects were interviewed in the months of June and July of 2011; all interviews were recorded. Thematic Content Analysis was used, based on three established thematic axes: Including the caregiver in the pediatric unit; Revealing the reality of sharing the care with the caregiver; and Perspectives for the effectiveness of the negotiation of care. Results revealed inconsistencies in the way that nurses understand the negotiation of the child's care and about including the caregiver in that process.

Estudio descriptivo, exploratorio, de naturaleza cualitativa, objetivando comprender la percepción de enfermeros de una unidad pediátrica sobre la inserción de familiares/acompañantes en el proceso de cuidado. Se realizó entre junio y julio de 2011, mediante entrevistas grabadas con enfermeras del área de Pediatría de un hospital de enseñanza pública, que adopta la práctica de "Internación Conjunta Pediátrica". Mediante análisis de contenido, modalidad análisis temático, se establecieron tres ejes temáticos: Inserción del acompañante en la unidad de internación pediátrica; Revelando la realidad de compartir el cuidado con el acompañante; y Perspectivas para la efectividad de la negociación del cuidado. Los resultados expresaron que existen inconsistencias en el modo en que el enfermero comprende la negociación del cuidado del niño y también en la inserción del acompañante en dicho proceso.

Planos de ação para uso de instrumentos de apoio gerencial em serviço de enfermagem hospitalar / Action plans for the use of management support instruments in hospital nursing services

Os instrumentos gerenciais sustentam as ações administrativas realizadas pelo enfermeiro. Este estudo teve como objetivo desenvolver um Plano de Ação participativa para uso de instrumentos de apoio às atividades gerenciais de enfermeiros em um hospital público. Trata-se de uma pesquisa exploratória, de abordagem qualitativa na modalidade pesquisa-ação, composta por amostra de nove enfermeiros gestores do Estado do Paraná. A coleta de dados ocorreu em quatro fases: na Fase 1, foram aplicados questionários semiestruturados dos quais emergiram informações sobre os instrumentos gerenciais que propiciaram a elaboração de um Quadro Lógico (QL). A Fase 2 constituiu-se de oito seminários. Na Fase 3 elaborou-se um Plano de Ação participativa para uso dos instrumentos gerenciais; e a Fase 4 compreendeu a avaliação e validação das ações, apontadas como necessárias pelos sujeitos da pesquisa, para a utilização dos instrumentos gerenciais contidos no Plano de Ação. Os dados foram analisados segundo a técnica de análise de conteúdo, na modalidade temática de Bardin. Os instrumentos gerenciais gerais apontados como capazes de apoiar as atividades dos enfermeiros foram: Planejamento; Comunicação; Dimensionamento de pessoal e Liderança; Negociação e Tomada de decisão; Supervisão, Avaliação, Gerenciamento de materiais, Sistema de Informação, Educação continuada; Gerenciamento de risco; Acreditação/Qualidade, Auditoria, Recrutamento e seleção, Gerenciamento de tempo, Autonomia, Gerenciamento de custos, Gerenciamento de processos, Organização, Fluxos/POPs. Destes, três instrumentos foram escolhidos pelo grupo para aprofundamento das discussões: Tomada de decisão, Negociação, Liderança. Para favorecer o planejamento e o acompanhamento dos debates foi produzido coletivamente o QL de cada um deles. Conclui-se que, em um contexto de atividades gerenciais dos enfermeiros voltadas às demandas administrativo-burocráticas institucionais, a elaboração de um Plano de Ação participativo possa contribuir para mudanças na organização do processo de trabalho do enfermeiro na dimensão gerencial, à medida que fornece sustentação teórica para a prática, eleva o grau de empirismo relacionado ao conhecimento e uso de instrumentos gerenciais, e favorece a incorporação destes recursos no cotidiano de trabalho do enfermeiro. Identificou-se a necessidade de desenvolvimento de competências para potencializar o uso de instrumentos gerenciais, competências estas que devem estar embasadas em saberes administrativos, relacionados aos modelos e conceitos da administração atual. Este estudo permitiu visualizar os avanços e desafios do processo de trabalho do enfermeiro na dimensão gerencial, que apontam para novas formas de gerenciamento.

The management tools support administrative actions performed by nurses. This study aimed to develop an Action Plan for the use of participatory tools to support management activities of nurses in a public hospital. This is an exploratory, qualitative approach in the form of action research, consisting of nine nursing managers of the State of Paraná. Data collection occurred in four phases: Phase 1, semi-structured questionnaires were made available which consisted questions about the management tools that enabled the development of a Logical Framework (QL). Phase 2 consisted of eight seminars. In Phase 3 was drawn up an Action Plan for the use of participatory management tools and Stage 4 included the assessment and validation of actions identified as necessary by the research subjects for the use of management tools contained in the Plan of Action Data was analyzed using the technique of content analysis; the thematic of Bardin. The defined management tools able to support the activities of nurses were: Planning, Communication, Leadership and Personal Sizing; Negotiation and Decision Making; Supervision, Evaluation, Materials Management, Information System, Continuing Education; Risk Management; Accreditation / Quality Audit, Recruitment and Selection, Time Management, Autonomy, Cost Management, Process Management, Organization, Flow / POPs. Of these, three instruments were chosen by the group to carry out further discussion: Decision Making, Negotiation, Leadership. To facilitate the planning and monitoring of the debates the QL of each of these instruments was produced collectively. We conclude that in the context of managerial activities geared to the demands of nurses administrative and bureaucratic institutions, the elaboration of an Action Plan participatory could contribute to changes in the organization of the work process of nurses in managerial dimension, a measure that provides theoretical support to practice, raises the degree of empiricism related to knowledge and use of management tools, and facilitates the incorporation of these features in the daily work of nurses. We identified the need to develop skills to increase the use of management tools; these skills must be grounded in administrative knowledge, concepts and models related to the current administration. This study allowed us to visualize the progress and challenges of the process of nursing work in managerial dimension that points to new ways of management.

Use of Dietary Supplements in Cancer Patients / 가정의학회지

BACKGROUND: Dietary supplements (DS) have been increasingly utilized as a way of the promoting health and complementary therapy. This study aimed to evaluate the patterns of dietary supplement use in Korean cancer patients and to examine the related factors. METHODS: Between April and May of 2008, 366 patients who were hospitalized for diagnosis and treatment of cancer in a university affiliated tertiary hospital were surveyed using a self-administered structured questionnaire after receiving written informed consent. Among them, 322 patients with adequate answers were fi nally included. RESULTS: Two hundred forty patients (72.3%) reported to have ever taken DS with the mean number of 3.6 +/- 2.98. Vitamins were the most frequently used, followed by ginseng steamed red, ginseng, and glucosamine. The most infl uential factor regarding DS use was the recommendation by family members or relatives. The main reason for DS use was for resolution of fatigue, followed by supplementation of therapy, and immune enhancement. Information concerning DS most eager to know about was the effect of DS (44.6%), followed by interaction of DS with therapeutics (33.2%). Doctor (74.4%) was the most preferred health care provider to be consulted concerning DS, but only 34% of DS users have actually consulted with a doctor. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that increasing age, Catholicism, and higher educational level were associated with higher use of DS. CONCLUSION: DS use was very prevalent in cancer patients. In spite of the great need, only small proportion of cancer patients using DS has consulted with a doctor.