Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Neisseria gonorrhea among the Symptomatic Patients attending Outpatient Department in Lyatonde District Hospital Southwestern Uganda

Background:Neisseria gonorrhea is one of the neglected diseases of public health importance causing symptomatic, suppurativedischarge in males and being asymptomatic in females. This cross-sectional study was aimed at determining the prevalence and susceptibility pattern of Neisseria gonorrheato the commonly used antibiotics among symptomatic patients attending outpatient department in Lyatonde district hospital. Methods:Urethral and endocervical swabs were collected by the attending medical laboratory technologists. The presence of gonorrhea was confirmed by culture, Gram staining and biochemical tests. Antimicrobial sensitivity test was performed using the disc diffusion method and the result was interpreted using the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards guidelines.Results:Overall prevalence of N. gonorrheawas 4.9% with high prevalence rates of 7.7% among the young age group of 15-25 years. Low level of antimicrobial susceptibility to cefuroxime (50%) followed by erythromycin and gentamycin both at 25% was observed. An alarming resistance to ceftriaxone and ciprofloxacin at 100% followed by penicillin 75% was exhibited by the colonies.Conclusions:The high resistant rate to ceftriaxone and ciprofloxacin obviates their use as the first line of syndromic treatment of gonorrhea in SouthwesternUganda. The use of laboratory culture for diagnosis and management of N. gonorrhea, especially with cefuroxime therapy is highly recommended

Phytochemical and Anti-microbial Screening of the Leaves and Twigs of Sclerocarpus africanus (Jacq).

Aim: To determine phytochemical constituents and antimicrobial activity of leaves and twigs of Sclerocarpus africanus (Jacq); prove or otherwise ethno-medicinal claims on S. africanus. Place and Duration of Study: Departments of Chemistry, Biological sciences and Microbiology, Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria, between June to October, 2010. Methodology: Petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, ethanol and methanol extracts of leaves and twigs of S. africanus were phytochemically screened for the presence of carbohydrates, saponins, tannins, alkaloids, anthraquinone glycosides and flavonoids. Minimum bactericidal/fungicidal concentrations (MBC)/(MFC) and Minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) were carried out on the extracts using Broth dilution method. Results: Phytochemical screening showed presence of carbohydrates, tannins and saponins. Flavonoids and anthraquinone glycosides were found only in the ethanol and methanol extracts. Anti-microbial screening of methanol and ethanol extracts showed activity against the following human pathogens: Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi, Streptococcus pyogenes, Shigella dysenteriae, Candida albicans and Candida thrusei, with MIC value of 2.5 mg/ml; while Neisseria gonorrhea was inhibited at MIC 1.25 mg/ml. MBC/MFC value of 10 mg/ ml was observed for all the pathogens, except N. gonorrhea which had an observered MBC of 5 mg/ ml for ethanol extract. Similar MBC/MFC values were obtained for methanol extract except Shigella dysentereae which had MBC of 5 mg/ ml. Petroleum ether extract was active against S. aureus, S. typhi, S. dysenteriae and N. gonorrhoea with MIC value of 5 mg/ml and MBC/MFC value 10 mg/ml; no activity was observed for S. pyogenes, C. albicans and C. thrusei; N. gonorrhea was most inhibited. Conclusion: Results obtained justify the ethno-medicinal use of this plant in treatment of gonorrhea and other venereal diseases caused by the test micro organisms.

Fitz-Hugh-Curtis Syndrome in A 15-year-old Adolescent with Right Upper Quadrant Abdominal Pain : Case Report

No abstract available.

Gonococcal Keratoconjunctivitis in Adult

PURPOSE: Neisseria gonorrhea is usually identified in neonatal conjunctivitis, but rare in adult keratoconjunctivitis. We report a rare case of bilateral gonococcal conjunctivitis combined with keratitis. METHODS: A 29-year-old male with a history of sexual contact with a prostitute 17 days ago referred to our hospital with acute keratoconjunctivitis. Ocular discharge was examined by Gram stain, culture, and sensitivity test to antibiotics, resulting in the identification of penicillin-resistant Neisseria gonorrhea. RESULTS: This patient was treated with intramuscular ceftriaxone for 5 days and topical cefmenoxime 0.5% for 2 weeks. Following 24 hours after antibiotics medication, the clinical symptoms were improved, and follow-up culture was negative. No evidence of serious complication was left in the cornea and conjunctiva. CONCLUSIONS: As adult gonococcal keratoconjuctivitis is relatively rare, the clinical diagnosis may be delayed. When one suspects an adult gonococcal keratoconjunctivitis, immediate gram staining and confirmatory culture for isolation of gram-negative intracellular diplococci are mandatory. It should be remembered that intramuscular ceftriaxone and topical cefmenoxime are an effective treatment for this condition.

Gonococcal Keratoconjunctivitis in Adult

PURPOSE: Neisseria gonorrhea is usually identified in neonatal conjunctivitis, but rare in adult keratoconjunctivitis. We report a rare case of bilateral gonococcal conjunctivitis combined with keratitis. METHODS: A 29-year-old male with a history of sexual contact with a prostitute 17 days ago referred to our hospital with acute keratoconjunctivitis. Ocular discharge was examined by Gram stain, culture, and sensitivity test to antibiotics, resulting in the identification of penicillin-resistant Neisseria gonorrhea. RESULTS: This patient was treated with intramuscular ceftriaxone for 5 days and topical cefmenoxime 0.5% for 2 weeks. Following 24 hours after antibiotics medication, the clinical symptoms were improved, and follow-up culture was negative. No evidence of serious complication was left in the cornea and conjunctiva. CONCLUSIONS: As adult gonococcal keratoconjuctivitis is relatively rare, the clinical diagnosis may be delayed. When one suspects an adult gonococcal keratoconjunctivitis, immediate gram staining and confirmatory culture for isolation of gram-negative intracellular diplococci are mandatory. It should be remembered that intramuscular ceftriaxone and topical cefmenoxime are an effective treatment for this condition.

A Case of Gonococcal Keratoconjunctivitis in Adult

Ocular infection caused by Neisseria gonorrhea produces purulent conjunctivitis, which may lead to ulcerative keratitis and perforation if not promptly treated Most cases occur in neonates and rarely occur in adults. The author experienced a case of gonococcal keratoconjunctivitis which was confirmed by conjunctival exudate smear, culture and biochemical study.