ABSTRACT
Resumen Augochloropsis Cockerell, 1897b es un grupo altamente diverso en el Neotrópico, comúnmente recolectado en inventarios faunísticos en áreas silvestres. Estas abejas generalmente quedan sin identificar en las colecciones pues las claves taxonómicas y las descripciones originales son limitadas y no permiten la separación ni siquiera a nivel subgenérico. El objetivo de este estudio fue realizar la filogenia y la revisión taxonómica del género Augochloropsis, a nivel de subgénero, partiendo del examen detallado de 56 caracteres morfológicos de 2 433 ejemplares. Cuatro subgéneros son reconocidos y descritos de forma detallada: (Augochloropsis s. str. (Cockerell, 1897b) (Paraugochloropsis Schrottky, 1906 ((Glyptochlora Moure, 1958) (Glyptobasia (Moure, 1941)))). Se aportan fotografías sobre los caracteres morfológicos externos, ilustraciones de la cápsula genital y de los esternos metasomales SIII-SVIII del macho, así como una clave de identificación taxonómica a nivel subgenérico y mapas de distribución geográfica.
Abstract Augochloropsis Cockerell, 1897b is a highly diverse group in the Neotropics and commonly collected in wildlife surveys. These bees remain mostly unidentified in collections because of the lack of taxonomic keys and the incomplete original descriptions, which prevent sorting specimens even at the subgeneric level. The aim of this study was to perform the phylogeny and the taxonomic revision of the genus Augochloropsis to subgeneric level, based on a detailed examination of 56 morphological characters of 2 433 specimens. Four subgenera are recognized and described in detail: (Augochloropsis s.str. (Cockerell, 1897b) (Paraugochloropsis Schrottky, 1906 ((Glyptochlora Moure, 1958) (Glyptobasia (Moure, 1941)))). Photographs of external morphological characters, illustrations of the male genital capsule and the metasomal sterna SIII-SVIII are provided, as well as a taxonomic key to subgenera and distribution maps.
ABSTRACT
This study had as objective to evaluate whether the pillaging activity by native bees influences floral abscission. Samples were collected in ten individuals of Bougainvillea spectabilis. In the period between May 4 and June 1st, 2009, 2,874 flowers were collected on the ground and 2,895 from the plants, with three-day intervals between each collection and a total of 10 repetitions in each plant. We measured the total of closed flowers, open flowers, robbed flowers, normal flowers, open robbed flowers and non-robber open flowers, in both soil and plant. For the statistical analysis, the T-test was used to see whether there was a difference between the averages obtained from the evaluated characteristics between the soil flowers and plant flowers. Simple linear regression was used to see whether there was a relationship between the closed flowers and robbed closed flowers found on the ground and open flowers and non-robbed open flowers in the plant. There were significant differences regarding all variables measured between soil and plant. A correlation was found at both closed flowers and robbed closed flowers found on the ground and open flowers and non-robbed open flowers in the plant.
O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a atividade de pilhagem de abelhas nativas influenciando a abscisão floral de Bougainvillea spectabilis. As coletas foram realizadas em dez indivíduos de B. spectabilis. Foram coletadas 2.874 flores no solo e 2.895 na planta no período de 4/5/2009 a 1/6/2009 com intervalo de três dias entre cada coleta, totalizando 10 repetições em cada indivíduo. Foram mensuradas as flores fechadas, flores abertas, flores fechadas pilhadas, flores fechadas não pilhadas, flores abertas pilhadas e flores abertas não pilhadas tanto no solo como na planta. Para as análises estatísticas foi utilizado o Teste-T para verificar se houve diferença entre as médias obtidas das características avaliadas entre as flores do solo e as flores da planta, além de regressão linear simples para verificar se houve relação entre as flores fechadas e flores fechadas pilhadas; flores abertas e flores abertas pilhadas, encontradas no solo e flores fechadas e flores fechadas pilhadas; flores abertas e flores abertas pilhadas na planta. Houve diferença significativa em relação a todas as variáveis entre o solo e a planta. Foi verificada correlação tanto nas flores fechadas e flores pilhadas fechadas encontradas no solo quanto nas flores abertas e flores abertas não pilhadas na planta.
Subject(s)
Animals , Plants , Reproduction , Bees , Gardening , HymenopteraABSTRACT
This study had as objective to evaluate whether the pillaging activity by native bees influences floral abscission. Samples were collected in ten individuals of Bougainvillea spectabilis. In the period between May 4 and June 1st, 2009, 2,874 flowers were collected on the ground and 2,895 from the plants, with three-day intervals between each collection and a total of 10 repetitions in each plant. We measured the total of closed flowers, open flowers, robbed flowers, normal flowers, open robbed flowers and non-robber open flowers, in both soil and plant. For the statistical analysis, the T-test was used to see whether there was a difference between the averages obtained from the evaluated characteristics between the soil flowers and plant flowers. Simple linear regression was used to see whether there was a relationship between the closed flowers and robbed closed flowers found on the ground and open flowers and non-robbed open flowers in the plant. There were significant differences regarding all variables measured between soil and plant. A correlation was found at both closed flowers and robbed closed flowers found on the ground and open flowers and non-robbed open flowers in the plant.
This study had as objective to evaluate whether the pillaging activity by native bees influences floral abscission. Samples were collected in ten individuals of Bougainvillea spectabilis. In the period between May 4 and June 1st, 2009, 2,874 flowers were collected on the ground and 2,895 from the plants, with three-day intervals between each collection and a total of 10 repetitions in each plant. We measured the total of closed flowers, open flowers, robbed flowers, normal flowers, open robbed flowers and non-robber open flowers, in both soil and plant. For the statistical analysis, the T-test was used to see whether there was a difference between the averages obtained from the evaluated characteristics between the soil flowers and plant flowers. Simple linear regression was used to see whether there was a relationship between the closed flowers and robbed closed flowers found on the ground and open flowers and non-robbed open flowers in the plant. There were significant differences regarding all variables measured between soil and plant. A correlation was found at both closed flowers and robbed closed flowers found on the ground and open flowers and non-robbed open flowers in the plant.