ABSTRACT
Resumen Los helechos y licófitos mencionados en El mundo Vegetal de los Andes peruanos de Weberbauer brindan una breve información de su riqueza y sustento a las observaciones ambientales para cada categoría de su esquema fitogeográfico del Perú. Este estudio actualiza tanto el concepto y características de los pteridofitos mencionados en el capítulo Unidades Sistemáticas, como la nomenclatura de los 126 nombres de los taxones mencionados en la obra. Además, se ofrece una breve historia del estudio del grupo en el Perú, para proveer el contexto de la inclusión de estas plantas por Weberbauer. Y se mencionan las colecciones que Weberbauer realizara del grupo y, en particular, las citadas como ejemplos. Se ofrece un perfil de las tareas por realizar para completar la labor biogeográfica iniciada por Weberbauer.
Abstract Ferns and lycophytes were mentioned by Weberbauer in his El mundo Vegetal de los Andes peruanos to provide a hint of the richness of the group and to support his natural history observations for each category of his phytogeographic description of Peru. This contribution updates concepts and features of these plants as discussed in the chapter on "Systematic Units" and updates the 126 names of taxa cited in his book. To this end, we provide a brief history of the development of Peru's pteridoflora studies in the context of Weberbauer's work. We also document Weberbauer's pteridophyte collections linked to the verification of the taxa of his examples. A framework for future research is provided to complete the biogeographic endeavor that begun with his work and highlights the need to relocate his plant collections as witnesses of his legacy.
ABSTRACT
The crabwood (Carapa) represents an important source of natural resources. The objective of this work was to study the pollen morphology of the three species of Carapa (Meliaceae) registered in the Brazilian Amazon. The pollen grains were obtained from floral buds, pistillate and staminate flowers of Carapa guianensis, C. surinamensis and C. vasquezii. In order to explore the taxonomic implications of the pollen study for these species of Carapa, lactic acetolysis method was used for light microscopy study. Furthermore, the non-acetolyzed material was used in the study of the scanning electron microscopy. It was found that the three Carapa species present little variations in pollen morphology. Compared to the other species this study, Carapa vasquezii has higher values for the length and width of endoaperture; however, it has lower values for polar and equatorial diameter, equatorial diameter in polar view and apocolpium side.
A andiroba (Carapa) representa uma importante fonte de recursos naturais. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar a morfologia polínica das três espécies de Carapa (Meliaceae) registradas na Amazônia brasileira. Os grãos de pólen foram obtidos de botões florais, flores pistiladas e estaminadas de Carapa guianensis, C. surinamensis e C. vasquezii. A fim de explorar as implicações taxonômicas do estudo de pólen para estas espécies de Carapa, o material foi preparado de acordo com o método de acetólise láctico, permitindo a utilização de estudos de microscopia de luz. Além disso, o material não-acetolisado foi utilizado no estudo da microscopia eletrônica de varredura. O estudo mostra que as três espécies de Carapa apresentam pequenas variações na morfologia polínica. Comparada com as outras espécies deste estudo, Carapa vasquezii têm valores mais elevados para o comprimento e largura da endoabertura, entretanto, tem valores inferiores para diâmetro polar, equatorial, diâmetro equatorial em vista polar e lado do apocolpo.
Subject(s)
Meliaceae/anatomy & histology , Pollen/anatomy & histology , Flora , Microscopy, Electron, ScanningABSTRACT
Pollen morphology of neotropical species of Podostemum (Malpighiales: Podostemaceae). Pollen morphology of neotropical species of Podostemum is described for the first time with light (LM) and scanning electronic microscopes (SEM), using pollen dehydration by critical point. Herbarium specimens under study are P. comatum, P. distichum, P. muelleri and P. rutifolium. Pollen grains are dispersed in dyads. Observed with LM, dyads range from 21 to 31μm in lengh and 12 to 18μm wide. Individual pollen grains are radially symmetrical spheroidal to subprolate, and have a tricolpate aperture. The exine is tectate, psilate, with an infratectal structure formed by simple columella under the tectum. With SEM, an abundant pollen surface coat is observed all over the pollen grains, mainly in the two grains dyad contact zone. This pollen coat would protect the grains from dehydration because the environments in which these plants grow have important water variation and pollination is not zoophilic. The shared dyad wall shows bridges that partially fusion the exines, forming calymate dyads. Some dyads bear the apertures aligned between grains and some not. The transverse condition of the aperture or aperture in "L" that occurs in the four studied species is described for the first time. It is interpreted as a trend of the genus to espiroaperture. This change in the aperture would be associated with phenology because it is a genus with very short flowering and anthesis, generally a day of anthesis in the dry season. The spiroaperture increases the chances of germination sites and would also have a harmomegata role in an environment with water changes favoring the reproductive success.Walls have a microechinate sculpture, with or without pads at the base of the microechinae. Size of ornamental processes differs, and the colpus membrane has similar ornamentation to that of the non apertural wall, but with larger processes. Individual morphology of pollen grains is similar to that described for other family genera as Apinagia and Mourera. During previous stages of anthesis, the presence of cross tetrads was observed, also a new contribution for this genus. Rev. Biol. Trop. 58 (1): 81-88. Epub 2010 March 01.
La morfología del polen de cuatro especies neotropicales del género Podostemum (Podostemaceae) se describe aquí por primera vez mediante microscopía de luz y electrónica de barrido, utilizando material deshidratado en punto crítico. Se analizaron ejemplares de P. comatum, P. distichum, P. muelleri y P. rutifolium. Los granos de polen son dispersados en díades. Se encuentra abundante cobertura polínica, principalmente en la zona de contacto entre los dos granos de la díada. En la pared compartida entre los granos se presentan puentes de ectexina que fusionan parcialmente las exinas. Los granos individuales son radialmente simétricos y tricolpados. En algunas díades las aberturas están alineadas entre los granos y en otras no. Se describe por primera vez la condición abertura transversal, que fue observada en las cuatro especies estudiadas, y que se interpreta como tendencia del género a espiroabertura. La escultura de la exina es microequinada con mamelones en la base. Los procesos ornamentales son de diferente tamaño. La membrana del colpo tiene una ornamentación similar a la pared adyacente del grano, pero los procesos tienen mayor tamaño. Se observaron tétrades decusadas en las etapas previas a la antesis, un dato hasta el momento no registrado para el género.