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Miracle drink “Renal Support (S-5)” an Ayurvedic formulation in conjugation with other cardiovascular support (S3), Sugar Care (S10), and liver health support (S4) was scientifically evaluated on 12 humans subjects for its therapeutic potential in treating chronic kidney diseases caused due to: a) Induce of pain killers medication, and other medications, b) Chronic diabetes, c) Blood pressure. Patients suffering from renal failure due to over medications, pain killer medication and BP were advised to take 15ml of Renal Support and S3 twice a day morning and evening before food, and 15ml of S4 trice a day. As the main biomarker of kidney disease, creatinine was monitored every month till three months of treatment whereas; blood urea and hemoglobin were screened at month end. Cytotoxicity and nephroprotective activity of Renal Support were evaluated on Baby Hamster Kidney Fibroblast cells (BHK-21). Radical decline in serum creatinine content was observed from 6.31mg/dl to 1.80mg/dl (68%), 1.20mg/dl (79%), and 0.84mg/dl (82%) on 30, 60, and 90 days of treatment respectively and in 90 days of treatment most of the patients showed 50 to 83% creatinine reduction. A significant decrease in the blood urea from 91mg/dl to 30mg/dl(67%) and hemoglobin content from 7.27 to 11.77g% was observed in 30days of treatment and the majority of patients showed >50% of blood urea reduction. No toxicity of Renal Support towards BHK-21 was noticed and showed 40.92% and 47.54% nephroprotective activity. A novel, natural-based, and safe Ayurveda formulation with significant nephroprotective potential for CKD treatment was proposed in the present study.
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Abstract@#<i>Nitraria Sibirica</i> Pall (NSP) is an annual plant of the family <i>Zygophyllaceae</i> that has been used for many diseases. The fruits of NSP have been used as a folk medicine for thousands of years in Mongolia and China. Numerous bioactive phytochemicals, such as flavonoids, alkaloids and glycosides, have been isolated and identified from NSP that are responsible alone or in combination for various pharmacological activities. However, to date, anti-nephrotoxicity effects of NSP on Gentamcin-induced animal models have not been investigated.@*Method@#In the experimental design, 24 Wistar rats were randomly isolated into three groups such as control, gentamicin and NSP. The renal injury was modeled by intramuscular injection of Gentamicin for 5 consecutive days (150 mg/kg). The doses of 25 mg/kg of aqueous extract of NSP were administrated by oral gavages for 14 consecutive days in rats. At 14 days for the rest of them, serum samples were collected for renal function biochemical tests (Blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, creatinine clearance and glomerular filtration rate).@*Result@#We demonstrated that treatment of NSP aqueous extract significantly reduced blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine (Cr) levels and increased creatinine clearance, glomerular filtration rate (GFR) levels in Gentamicin-administrated rats.@*Conclusion@#These data suggested that NSP shown good effect for anti-inflammatory of kidney.
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@#Syzygium polyanthum is traditionally used as anti-hypertensive agent. However, the nephroprotective effects of S. polyanthum against hypertensive induced chronic kidney disease has yet to be elucidated. This study was conducted to determine the antioxidant properties and nephroprotective effects of aqueous extract of S. polyanthum (AESP) in the spontaneous hypertensive rat model (SHR). The phytochemical constituent was identified using the phytochemical screening and HPLC methods. The in vitro antioxidant activities were determined by DPPH radical scavenging and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. Fifty male SHR were equally divided into 5 groups, (n=10/group); Untreated-SHR, 20 mg/kg Losartan-treated SHR, 1500 mg/kg AESP treated SHR, 1750 mg/kg AESP treated SHR and 2250 mg/kg AESP treated SHR, while 10 male Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY) were used as control. Losartan and AESP were administered by oral gavage. Rats were sacrificed after 12 weeks of experiment. The phytochemicals include phenolics, flavonoids and alkaloids were identified. AESP has high antioxidant activity as shown by antioxidant assays. AESP normalised systolic blood pressure (p<0.05) and significantly improved renal function (p<0.05). AESP also significantly reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) (p<0.05) and increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels in the serum as compared to untreated-SHR group (p<0.05). Ultrastructure of renal damage improved by supplementation of AESP. Conclusively, S. polyanthum is potential to alleviate hypertensive induced chronic kidney disease through its antioxidant properties.
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Background: The fruit rinds of Garcinia pedunculata has potential medicinal properties and used in many chronic ailments. It has been demonstrated that cytoprotective effects in various experimental research works. But its cytotoxic effect has not been evaluated. The present study was aimed to screen its relative cytotoxic effect on normal and cancer cell lines.Methods: In the present study, the cytotoxic effect of hydro alcoholic extract of Garcinia pedunculata was evaluated on normal human embryonic kidney (HEK-293) and M.D. Anderson metastatic breast cancer cell lines (MDA-MB 231) using 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay.Results: Higher dose level of hydro alcoholic extract of Garcinia pedunculata (HAGP) (500 ?g/ml) has shown considerable increase (112.503) in the percentage viability of HEK-29 whereas; there is a remarkable decrease in the viable cell population (77.490) in MDA-MB 231.Conclusions: Based on the observed results we could conclude that HAGP has potential cytotoxic effect on the cancer cell line without altering the normal cell growth and proliferation. Thus it has potential to develop as a safer chemotherapeutic agent. Further detailed exploration is required to confirm its therapeutic efficacy in different cancer cell lines.
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Background: Gentamicin induced nephrotoxicity is a major contributor to Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) resulting from free radicals induced oxidative stress. Tinospora cordifolia is an Indian medicinal plant, widely used because of its antioxidant activity. Due to limited scientific literature exploring its nephroprotective potential, the present study was designed to investigate the nephroprotective effect of aqueous extract of Tinospora cordifolia against gentamicin induced nephrotoxicity in albino rats.Methods: The study was commenced following approval from Institutional Animal Ethical Committee of L.L.R.M. Medical College, Meerut (UP). Twenty four rats were randomised into four groups of six animals each. Total duration of study was 21 days. Group I received normal saline p.o., group II received normal saline along with gentamicin on last 5 days, group III and IV received Tinospora cordifolia in graded doses p.o. along with gentamicin on last 5 days. Injection gentamicin (40mg/kg) i.p. was given once daily for last 5 days to induce nephrotoxicity in rats of groups II, III and IV. The rats were sacrificed under anaesthesia, blood samples analysed for blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine levels and histopathological changes were studied. Statistical analysis was done using ANOVA followed by post hoc test.Results: Tinospora cordifolia pre-treated groups exhibited significant (p<0.001) limitation in rise in levels of BUN and serum creatinine in a dose dependent manner. Histolopathological observations further corroborated the biochemical findings.Conclusions: The present study concluded that aqueous extract of Tinospora cordifolia possesses nephroprotective potential against gentamicin induced nephrotoxicity.
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RESUMEN El objetivo del estudio fue determinar el efecto nefroprotector del extracto de camu camu en un modelo de nefrotoxicidad inducida por la gentamicina. Estudio de tipo experimental formado por 50 ratas Sprague Dawley que se dividieron aleatoriamente en cinco grupos de estudio: Al grupo control se le administró la solución salina, al grupo gentamicina se le indujo la nefrotoxicidad y a los grupos experimentales 1, 2 y 3 se les protegió con el extracto alcohólico de camu camu a diferentes dosis. La actividad nefroprotectora se evaluó por la cuantificación de la creatinina sérica, el peso y análisis histopatológico de los riñones. Los resultados evidenciaron una disminución significativa del nivel de creatinina en los grupos protegidos con el extracto alcohólico de camu camu con respecto al grupo gentamicina (p<0,05). Los grupos que recibieron camu camu presentaron un aumento gradual del peso de los riñones en una relación directa a la dosis del extracto (p<0,05). El análisis histológico evidenció pérdida epitelial, infiltrado inflamatorio intenso y congestión vascular en el grupo gentamicina, mientras que los grupos que recibieron camu camu con el extracto disminuyeron la gravedad del daño. Se concluye que el extracto de camu camu presentó una actividad nefroprotectora significativa en un modelo de nefrotoxicidad inducida por gentamicina.
ABSTRACT The aim of the study was to determine the nephroprotective effect of camu camu extract on a gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity model. The study design was experimental using 50 Sprague Dawley rats randomly allocated into 1 of 5 five groups: a control group that was administered a saline solution, a gentamicin group in which nephrotoxicity was induced and experimental groups 1, 2 and 3 that were provided different doses of Camu Camu alcoholic extract. Nephroprotective activity was evaluated via quantification of seric creatinine, histopathological analysis and weighing of the kidneys. Results showed a significant decrease in creatinine levels between the group administered camu camu alcoholic extract and the gentamicin group (p<0.05). Groups who received camu camu presented a gradual increase in kidneys weight which corresponded directly to the extract dose (p<0.05). The histopathological analysis showed epithelial loss, intense inflammatory infiltrate and vascular congestion in the gentamicin group, while the groups who received the extract had a lower level of damage. Camu Camu extract provided a significant nephroprotective activity on a gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity model.
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Animals , Ascorbic Acid , Rats , Plant Extracts , Gentamicins , NephrologyABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Gentamicin induced renal complications are well known in humans and animals. Medicinal properties of Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal, Solanaceae, are recognized to improve renal functions. However, the pharmacological function of W. somnifera is not completely understood. We sought to unravel medicinal therapeutic function of W. somnifera on gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in wistar rats. Twenty-four adult male wistar rats evenly divided into four groups to evaluate in vivo nephroprotective and nephrocurative function of W. somnifera in gentamicin induced nephrotoxic rats. Experimental design as follows: Group I, saline control for 21 days; Group II, gentamicin nephrotoxic control for eight days; Group III, alcoholic extract of W. somnifera for 13 days + simultaneous administration of gentamicin and W. somnifera, from day 14 to 21 (nephroprotective) and Group IV, gentamicin for 8 days + alcoholic extract of W. somnifera from day 9 to 21 (nephrocurative). End of experiment, respective serum and kidney tissue samples used to analyze renal function. Withania somnifera as a nephroprotective and nephrocurative molecule significantly restore the renal function on gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity. This phenomenon is accompanied with significantly reduced blood urea nitrogen, creatine, alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyl transferase, albumin, total protein, calcium, potassium and kidney malondialdehyde concentrations. Additionally, W. somnifera significantly increased antioxidant activities of glutathione and superoxide dismutase to protect renal tissue damage from gentamicin in wistar rats. Over all, W. somnifera treated nephroprotective animal shows improved recovery compared to nephrocuartive. The nephroprotective or nephrocurative effect of W. somnifera could be due to inherent antioxidant and free-radical-scavenging principle(s). In the near future, biologically active compounds of W. somnifera (withanolides) could appear as a novel therapeutic molecule for renal disorders.
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Background:Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a noncancerous enlargement of the prostate gland. The condition is associated with symptoms like frequency in urination, hesitancy, nocturia, weak urine streamand sexual dysfunction.The effect ofVernonia amygdalinaextract (VA) on kidney and liver function indices in BPH was investigated.Methods:A total of 30 rats weighing 200-300 g were divided according to body weight into five groups (n=6). One group was used as a control and the other groups received subcutaneous injections of testosterone and estradiol for 3 weeks to induce BPH. Groups I andII were treated with different doses of VA extracts and group III receivedfinasteride, all by gavages for thirty-five days. While group IV was left untreated, groupV served as normal control. After thirty-five days of treatment with VA extract, the ratswere anaesthetised by short contact with trichloromethane vapour. Blood was collected by cardiac puncture and the sera centrifuged and used for the determination of different biochemical indices. The prostates were harvested and weighed.Results:The level of urea and creatinine were significantly (P<0.05) reduced when compared to the BPH control. No significant differences in serum concentrations of AST, ALT, ALP, and GGT were recorded in all treatment groups compared to the BPH control. Conclusion:Theextract of Vernonia amygdalinaseed exhibited nephroprotective effect on the kidney of BPH induced rats, while there was no observable effect on the liver as benign prostate hyperplasia appeared not to have had any alteration on the liver enzymes.
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Aims: This study seeks to evaluate the nephroprotective effects of chloroform stem bark extract of Abrus precatorius in a murine model of gentamicin-induced renal damage.Materials and Methods: Thirty male Wistar rats were divided into five groups; A being the normal control group and given normal saline. B as the toxicant group was given Gentamicin (GM) at 100 mg/kg, intraperitoneally for six days; C received chloroform extract of Abrus precatorius at 100 mg/kg administered orally three days prior and concurrently with gentamicin for six days, D received 200 mg/kg of the extract and was administered orally for three days prior and concurrently with gentamicin for six days and E received gentamicin administered intraperitoneally for six days followed by administration of 200 mg/kg chloroform extract of Abrus precatorius for three days. Body and organ weight were determined. Serum and kidney homogenate were obtained. Creatinine, urea, Xanthine oxidase, Myeloperoxidase and Nitric oxide were assayed for in the serum. Advanced oxidative protein product, Protein carbonyl, Malondialdehyde, Hydrogen peroxide, Superoxide dismutase, Reduced Glutathione, Glutathione-S-transferase, Glutathione peroxidase, Protein thiol, Non-protein thiol were assayed for in the renal homogenate. Histopathological analysis and immunohistochemistry using Bcl2, CRP and NFKB were done to check for structural changes and protein expressions respectively.Results: Markers of oxidative stress and inflammation were significantly increased in the toxicant group, but a significant reduction of these markers in the extract treated groups at pre and post treatment periods. Both enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant level in the toxicant group were significantly depleted, whereas the levels of these enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant levels were significantly elevated in a dose dependent manner in the extract treated groups. Histopathology revealed tubular necrosis, areas of inflammation, glomerular atrophy, and congestion in the toxicant group. These were ameliorated in the extract treated groups. Immunohistochemistry revealed decreased expression of Bcl2 and increase protein expression of CRP and NFKB in the toxicant group; however, the reverse was seen in the extract treated groups.Conclusions: From these results, it can be concluded that the chloroform extract of Abrus precatorius stem bark has nephroprotective properties.
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Introduction@#Tribulus terrestris L. (TTL) is an annual plant of the family Zygophyllaceae that has been used for many diseases including urinary tract diseases. The fruits and roots of TTL have been used as a folk medicine for thousands of years in Mongolia, China, Iraq, India, Sudan and Pakistan. Numerous bioactive phytochemicals, such as saponins, flavonoids, alkaloids and glycosides, have been isolated and identified from TTL that are responsible alone or in combination for various pharmacological activities. However, to date, the nephroprotective effects of TTL on cisplatin-induced animal models have not been investigated.@*Purpose@#The present work aimed to investigate the protective effects of different doses of Tribulus terrestris L. (TTL) against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in mice.@*Materials and methods@#The renal injury was modeled by intraperitoneal injection of cisplatin for 5 consecutive days (5 mg/kg). Nephroprotection of TTL was investigated by oral administration of different doses of TTL aqueous extract at a daily dose of 20 mg/kg and 40 mg/kg for 14 consecutive days, starting 7 days prior to cisplatin administration.@*Results@#We demonstrated that pretreatment with different doses of TTL aqueous extract significantly reduced blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine (Cr) levels and histophatological changes observed in cisplatin-administrated mice.@*Conclusion@#These data suggested that TTL might be a potential candidate for neoadjuvant chemotherapy of cisplatin. The dose of TTL 40 mg/kg was the most effective.
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Abstract Current therapy directed at delaying the progression of diabetic renal disease includes intensive glycemic and optimal blood pressure control, renin angiotensin-aldosterone system blockade and multifactorial intervention. However, the renal protection provided by these therapeutic modalities is not complete. There is a scarcity of studies analyzing the nephroprotective effect of antihyperglycemic drugs beyond their glucose lowering effect and progression of diabetic renal disease. This article updates the existing data about metformin in diabetic kidney disease.
Resumen El tratamiento actual dirigido a retardar la progresión de la enfermedad renal diabética incluye el control intensivo de la glucemia, con control óptimo de la hipertensión arterial y bloqueo del sistema renina-angiotensina-aldosterona, junto con otras intervenciones multifactoriales. Sin embargo, a pesar de estas medidas, la protección renal no se alcanza en su totalidad. Hay escasos estudios que analizan el efecto nefroprotector de las drogas antihiperglucemiantes, más allá de su efecto hipoglucemiante. Este artículo analiza la información existente sobre el estatus actual de la metformina en la enfermedad renal diabética.
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Humans , Male , Female , Kidney Diseases , Metformin , Venezuela , Diabetes Mellitus , Hypoglycemic AgentsABSTRACT
ABSTRACT The aim of present study was to evaluate the nephroprotective effect of probiotic formulation LOBUN on Cyclosporine A (CsA) induced renal dysfunction in Wistar rats. CsA (20 mg/kg body weight s.c) was administered for 15 days to cause renal dysfunction in Wistar rats. The probiotic formulation LOBUN was administered with the dose of 500 mg/kg body weight (p.o) for twice (TGI) and thrice a day (TGII). The samples were analyzed for the parameters like blood urine nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine, serum uric acid, total serum protein and urine proteins, urine potassium, urine sodium. The renal functional and histopathological studies revealed that the oral administration of probiotic formulation LOBUN has provided appreciable renoprotection and possibly alleviated the symptoms of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) at the dose of 500 mg/kg body weight administered thrice a day and also the results were supported by histopathological findings.
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Animals , Male , Female , Rats , Cyclosporine/pharmacology , Probiotics/analysis , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/pathology , Rats, Wistar/classification , Prebiotics/analysisABSTRACT
Renal disorders have become very common nowadays, which may also lead to kidney failure. The disorder may be caused by the commonly used chemicals such as acetaminophen, CCl4, streptromycin, H2O2 etc. The objective of this work is to determine the nephroprotective potential of ethanolic extract against H2O2 induced toxicity in VERO cell line. Ethanolic extract is known for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-microbial effects, which make it a most sought for herbal medicine. Its characteristic features have identified this compound as a potential hepatoprotective and nephroprotective agent. VERO cells are cells taken from the kidney of an African green monkey, which are used in our study. The matured leaves of Melia Azadirachta were used to prepare ethanolic extract and the same was used to test for its inhibitory effect in 96 micro plate formats against in VERO cell lines. To study the cytotoxic properties of ethanolic extract against VERO cell line, we have tested the MTT assay with different concentrations in the range of 1000 to 62.5 μg/ml. From the performed assay, the effect of ethanolic extract drug reveals an enhanced activity on in VERO cell lines and that infers Melia Azadirachta, can be used as nephroprotective agent.
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Aims: To concurrently administer constant toxic concentrations of Cd and Pb with graded concentrations of Ca and Mg using a rat model to determine their nephroprotective effects against Cd and Pb nephrotixicities. Study Design: Wistar rats were divided into five groups of four rats per group in metabolic cages. Group one was placed on tap water only, while group two to five were placed on a constant concentration of 0.327 mg/L lead and 0.079 mg/L cadmium concurrently with graded magnesium and calcium. Place and Duration of Study: The animal House of Pharmacology Department, Anatomy and Biochemistry laboratories, University of Jos, Nigeria, were used for treatments, histochemical and biochemical analyses respectively, between December 2013 and April 2014. Methodology: Their feed was mashed with the same water meant for each group. All the groups fed and freely drank from the water for a period of fourteen (14) days. Twenty-four hour (24h) urine samples were collected from the rats at their respective groups in the urine collector of the metabolic cages for fourteen days. The urine samples were kept frozen until needed for clinical analysis. At the termination of the experiments, the rats were humanely sacrificed, the kidneys identified and fixed in 10% formal saline for histopathological studies. Results: Kidney biomarkers in urine decreased, while urinary excretion of urea and creatinine increased as the concentrations of calcium and magnesium were elevated. The histopathological analyses show that there was no significant difference (P<0.05) between control and groups 4 and 5, but there was significant difference (P>0.05) between control and groups 2 and 3. Conclusion: Results suggest that calcium and magnesium could mitigate the nephrotoxicities induced by cadmium and lead. Therefore, good proportion of calcium and magnesium in the diet and water would enhance good health especially for those living in environments contaminated with heavy metals.
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Aim: To evaluate the protective and ameliorative roles of methanolic extract of Byrsocarpus coccineus, Schum. & Thonn. leaf against acute and chronic carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced oxidative stress and Injuries to Liver, Kidney and Heart in Rats. Methods: To study the protective effects of the extract against oxidative stress, the rats were pre-treated with the extract (5mg/kg) for three days before intoxication with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) at 0.6ml/kg as a 33% solution in corn oil, with Vitamin E (50mg/kg) as an antioxidant control. Results: Administration of the extract significantly (P=.05) prevented or reversed the CCl4 -induced elevation in the levels of aspartate aminotransaminase (AST), alanine amino transaminase (ALT), bilirubin, malondialdehyde, urea, creatinine, total cholesterol with boosting of the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, HDL-cholesterol, packed cell volume (PCV) and hemoglobin concentration. Conclusion: These results suggest that in addition to its hypolipidemic effect, methanolic extract of B. coccineus leaf can be used to protect and manage the liver and kidney against oxidative stress related injuries.
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Acute and sub-chronic toxicity studies of the aqueous extract of the root bark of C. sieberiana (Caesalpiniaceae), a plant used locally in Ghana for the treatment of pain, was carried out in rodents. In the acute study, a single oral dose (5000 mg/kg) of the aqueous extract of C. sieberiana (NPK) was administered to six rats and six mice, and observed for 14 days for signs of acute toxicity. In the sub-chronic study, rats were administered with NPK (15- 750 mg/kg) daily for three months. Urinalysis, haematological and biochemical analyses were carried out on urine, blood and serum samples collected at the end of the three-month treatment. Histological analyses of the liver, heart, kidney and lung tissues were also done. The results showed that administration of 5000 mg/kg of NPK to animals did not result in death. There were no significant differences (p>0.05) between control and test animals in the haematological assay. The albumin, alkaline phosphatase and total bilirubin were higher (p<0.05) in test animals compared to the controls. Liver micrographs showed centrilobular necrosis at the dose of 750 mg/kg. The findings, therefore, show that the oral toxicity of NPK in rodents is low (oral LD50 > 5000 mg/kg). However, the extract may have deleterious effects on the liver at high doses on prolonged administration.
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Background: Kidney damage can occur due to exposure to nephrotoxic drugs, chemicals, Toxins and infections agents, ultimately leading to real failure, management of which is a Great challenge, So efforts have been focused on traditional and herbal medicines for the Treatment of real failure, Ashwagandha (withania somnifera) may have free radical Scavenging activity and can be used for the precention and treatment of kidney damage. Objective: To observe the histological ecidence of nephroprotective effect of Ashwagandha root against induced nephrotoxicity in rats . Materials and Methods: this study was done in the department of Physiology, Sir Salimullah Medical College, Dhaka A total number of 31 male Wistar albino rats were acclimatized for 14 days, then, these were divided into two groups, control group consisted of 18rats (Group A) and Ashwagandha pretreated and gentamicin-treated group consisted of 13 rats (Group B). Control group was again subdivided into baseline control and gentamicin-control groups (A1 and A2)-each And all the animals received basal diet for 22 consecutive days. In addition to this, animals of Group A2 teceived gentamicin subcutaneously (100 mg /kg body weight/day) from 15Th to 22 day and animals of Group B received Ashwagandha root extract (500mg / kg body weight/day )From 15TH to 22ND day All the animals were sacrificed on 23RD day. Then kidney samples were collected and histology was by using standard laboratory procedure. Results: Histological examination of kidney revealed abnormal histological findings in 100% of gentamicin-treated rats. But 92.31% of rats in Asruture and 7.69% showed mild histological changes. Conclusion: Ashwagandha root may have some nephroprotective effect against gentamichin induced nephorotoxicity
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OBJECTIVE@#To explore the analgesic, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, hepatic and nephritic effects of Pulicaria arabica (P. arabica) in several experimental models.@*METHODS@#For analgesic effect hot plate and writhing method were used, while for antipyretic and anti-inflammatory rectal temperature and carrageenan induced hind paw edema were used respectively. CCl4 intoxication method was used for hepatic and nephritic protective activity.@*RESULTS@#The results of the present studies revealed that P. arabica has potent analgesic, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory with the significant hepatic and nephritic protecting actions. The CCl4 intoxication changed the normal malondialdehyde and nonprotein sulfhydryls levels in both liver and kidney. These changes were normalized with P. arabica indicating the antioxidant nature of this plant.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The results of present study indicated that P. arabica can be used in analgesic, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory conditions even in hepatic and nephritic conditions. More supportive studies are required before clinical recommendation.
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Objective: To explore the analgesic, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, hepatic and nephritic effects of Pulicaria arabica (P. arabica) in several experimental models. Methods: For analgesic effect hot plate and writhing method were used, while for antipyretic and anti-inflammatory rectal temperature and carrageenan induced hind paw edema were used respectively. CCl
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The effects of various extracts of Ocimum basilicum leaf on biochemical indices of organ damage and oxidative stress status of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats were examined. Oral administration of 200mg/kg of aqueous, methanolic and petroleum ether extracts of the leaf for 35 days resulted in a significant (P<0.05) reduction in thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and an increase in catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats from diabetic levels. The leaf extracts brought about a significant (P>0.05) increase in serum protein and albumin as well as decreases in urea and creatinine levels of STZ – induced diabetic rats compared with diabetic control levels. The Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels increased significantly (P>0.05) in diabetic control group. The extracts caused a significant reduction in levels of AST and ALT in treated diabetic groups and maintained the normal level observed in normal rats. In this study a significant decrease in PCV was observed in diabetic control group and increase in the PCV in rats given extracts. It was concluded that the extracts have in vivo antioxidant, hepatoprotective and nephroprotective effects in STZ – induced diabetic rats. These results support its traditional use in the management of diabetes and cardiovascular diseases.