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OBJECTIVE：To compare the cost-effectiveness of insulin analogues and human insulin in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus ，to reduce economic burden of patients ，and to provide new ideas for non-randomized pharmacoeconomic research. METHODS ：Retrospective data of a Third-grade Class-A hospital were adopted and 533 patients with type 2 diabetes were taken as object to balance the difference between groups through propensity score matching ，and construct net-benefit regression framework so as to analyze the cost-effectiveness of insulin analogues and human insulin in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. RESULTS ：There was a positive relationship between the efficacy and cost of the two therapeutic schemes ，i.e. insulin analogues were more effective than human insulin ，and the difference of total effective rate between the two schemes was 14.5％. The corresponding treatment cost of insulin analogues was higher than that of human insulin ，and the average total cost difference was 960.3 yuan. The cost of insulin analogues was 66.23 yuan more than that of human insulin for each additional unit of clinical effect （total effective rate ）. Results of net-benefit regression analysis showed that critical value of willingness to pay of therapy plan was 16 947.5 yuan. CONCLUSIONS ：When the willingness to pay is more than 16 947.5 yuan，the insulin analogue scheme is suitable ；on the contrary ，the human insulin analogue scheme is suitable. The propensity scoring technology used for the net-benefit regression analysis can broaden the source of avaliable data for non-randomized pharmacoeconomic evaluation.
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Objective@#To explore the optimal concentration of Tanreqing injection for acute upper respiratory tract infections.@*Methods@#A retrospective analysis of 531 children with acute upper respiratory tract infection treated with Tanreqing injection was conducted. These children were divided into different groups according to concentration of Tanreqing injection (i.e., the relationship between liquid and solvent, or the dilution ratio of solvent to liquid). Assume that X was the dilution ratio of solvent to liquid and the group was divided by an additional increment of 2.5 dilution units. All the children were divided into six groups as follows, groups of A (1:10≤X<1:12.5), B (1:12.5≤X<1:15), C (1:15≤X<1:17.5), D (1:17.5≤X<1:20), E (1:20≤X<1:22.5) and F (1:22.5≤X<1:25). The clinical effective rate and incidence of adverse reactions in each group were used as clinical indicators related to concentration of Tanreqing injection. Origin 8 was used to establish the relationship between the two indicators and the median of the concentration, and to seek a net benefit index that can combine the two indicators together. Finally, the relationship between the net benefit indicator and the median of the concentration were established, and the optimal concentration was found by judging and picking up the maximum of the net benefit indicator.@*Results@#The relationship between the clinical effective rate and the concentration median were: Y=-0.3+31.58X-203.33X2 (R2=0.988 46), and relationship between the incidence of adverse reactions and the concentration median were: Y=-0.27+10.24X-67.85X2 (R2=0.982 28), and relationship between the net benefit indicator and the concentration median were: ΔY=-0.03+21.34X-135.48X2. The peak value of the net benefit indicator was 0.81, and the corresponding median of the concentration was 0.078 8, and the optimal dilution ratio of liquid to solvent was 1:11.6-1:14.1.@*Conclusions@#This article explored the optimum concentration range of Tanreqing injection and gave tips for clinical safety and effective drug use.
ABSTRACT
Objective To explore the optimal concentration of Tanreqing injection for acute upper respiratory tract infections. Methods A retrospective analysis of 531 children with acute upper respiratory tract infection treated with Tanreqing injection was conducted. These children were divided into different groups according to concentration of Tanreqing injection (i.e., the relationship between liquid and solvent, or the dilution ratio of solvent to liquid). Assume that X was the dilution ratio of solvent to liquid and the group was divided by an additional increment of 2.5 dilution units. All the children were divided into six groups as follows, groups of A (1:10≤X<1:12.5), B (1:12.5≤X<1:15), C (1:15≤X<1:17.5), D (1:17.5≤X<1:20), E (1:20≤X<1:22.5) and F (1:22.5≤X<1:25). The clinical effective rate and incidence of adverse reactions in each group were used as clinical indicators related to concentration of Tanreqing injection. Origin 8 was used to establish the relationship between the two indicators and the median of the concentration, and to seek a net benefit index that can combine the two indicators together. Finally, the relationship between the net benefit indicator and the median of the concentration were established, and the optimal concentration was found by judging and picking up the maximum of the net benefit indicator. Results The relationship between the clinical effective rate and the concentration median were: Y=-0.3+31.58X-203.33X2 (R2=0.988 46), and relationship between the incidence of adverse reactions and the concentration median were: Y=-0.27+10.24X-67.85X2 (R2=0.982 28), and relationship between the net benefit indicator and the concentration median were: ΔY=-0.03+21.34X-135.48X2. The peak value of the net benefit indicator was 0.81, and the corresponding median of the concentration was 0.078 8, and the optimal dilution ratio of liquid to solvent was 1:11.6-1:14.1. Conclusions This article explored the optimum concentration range of Tanreqing injection and gave tips for clinical safety and effective drug use.
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OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the economics of Yindan xintai dropping pills in the treatment of angina pectoris caused by coronary heart disease from societal perspectives. METHODS:Therapy regimens related to Yindan xintai dropping pills and con-trol regimens were selected from published literatures included in database,and the cost of therapy regimens and clinical effect data were extracted from literatures. Contingent evaluation method was used to measure people's willingness-to-pay for angina pectoris treatments. An econometric model was conducted to transfer the effectiveness data to benefit data. The economics of treatment was evaluated depending upon net benefit or incremental net benefit indicator. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:When Yindan xintai drop-ping pills is used alone,its net benefit is >0,indicating economical advantage;56 d therapy regimen is better than 28 d therapy. When Yindan xintai dropping pills were combined with glyceryl trinitrate tablet,Isosorbide mononitrate sustained-release tablet, Simvastatin dispersible tablet and other drugs,its incremental net benefit is better than control regimens and has good economics.
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Avaliou-se o efeito da inclusão do farelo de manga em substituição ao milho moído em dietas para ovinos sobre o consumo de nutrientes e de frações fibrosas, o ganho de peso e a conversão alimentar. Estudou-se também o benefício líquido e a taxa de retorno do custo total da dieta. Foram utilizados 24 cordeiros Santa Inês, distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, com quatro tratamentos, constituídos pelas porcentagens de inclusão do farelo de manga, em substituição ao milho, de 0, 33, 66 e 100%, e seis repetições. Não houve efeito da inclusão do farelo de manga sobre o consumo de nutrientes e o ganho de peso dos animais. Verificou-se efeito quadrático (P<0,05) da porcentagem de inclusão do farelo de manga sobre a conversão alimentar. O farelo de manga pode substituir o milho em dietas para ovinos sem comprometer o consumo e o ganho de peso e reduz o custo da alimentação, o que sugere ser ele um alimento alternativo para ovinos em confinamento.
The effect of inclusion of mango meal to replace corn in sheep diets was evaluated. The variables evaluated were the consumption of nutrients and fibre fractions, weight gain and feed conversion. In addition, a study of the net benefit and rate of return on the total cost of the diets was conducted. Twenty-four lambs Santa Inês, distributed in a completely randomized design with four treatments, consisting of the inclusion levels of mango meal replacing corn (0, 33, 66 and 100%) and six repetitions. There was no effect of the inclusion levels of mango meal on nutrients intake and weight gain of animals. There was a quadratic effect (P<0.05) of inclusion levels of mango meal on feed conversion. The mango meal can replace corn in diets without compromising intake and weight gain, while reducing the cost of feed, indicating the possibility of alternative use as feed for confined sheep.