ABSTRACT
Neuroinflammation is closely associated with the development of neurodegeneration diseases, mental disorders and brain injuries. Innate immunity receptors are the first defense line against infections and injuries, which play a critical role in the neuroinflammation and nervous system diseases.This review,focuses on the type classification,function,regulatory mechanism for the innate immunity receptors,and illustrates their roles and molecular mechanism in the development of neuroin-flammation and nervous system diseases.In addition,we will review the current drugs for treating related nervous system diseases, and the possibility of developing new drugs that target neuroinflammation and using anti-inflammatory drugs clinically.
ABSTRACT
La muerte celular programada es un evento fisiológico durante el desarrollo. En el encéfalo y la médula espinal, este proceso determina el número y la localización de los diferentes tipos celulares. En el sistema nervioso del adulto, la muerte celular programada o apoptosis está más restringida, pero puede jugar un papel determinante en enfermedades crónicas o agudas. Al contrario de otros tejidos en los cuales la apoptosis está documentada ampliamente desde el punto de vista morfológico, en el sistema nervioso central la evidencia en este sentido es escasa. A pesar de esto, existe consenso acerca de la activación de diferentes sistemas de señalización apoptótica. En el presente artículo se intenta resumir las principales vías de señalización apoptótica identificadas en el tejido nervioso. Considerando que las vías apoptóticas son múltiples, los tipos neuronales diversos y especializados y que la respuesta neuronal a la lesión y la supervivencia dependen del contexto de la célula en el tejido (preservación de la conectividad, integridad glial y matriz extracelular, flujo sanguíneo y disponibilidad de factores tróficos), lo que es relevante en el proceso apoptótico en un sector del cerebro puede no serlo en otro.
Programmed cell death occurs as a physiological process during development. In the brain and spinal cord this event determines the number and location of the different cell types. In adulthood, programmed cell death or apoptosis is more restricted but it may play a major role in different acute and chronic pathological entities. However, in contrast to other tissues where apoptosis has been widely documented from a morphological point of view, in the central nervous system complete anatomical evidence of apoptosis is scanty. In spite of this there is consensus about the activation of different signal systems associated to programmed cell death. In the present article we attempt to summarize the main apoptotic pathways so far identified in nervous tissue. Considering that apoptotic pathways are multiple, the neuronal cell types are highly diverse and specialized and that neuronal response to injury and survival depends upon tissue context, (i.e., preservation of connectivity, glial integrity and cell matrix, blood supply and trophic factors availability) what is relevant for the apoptotic process in a sector of the brain may not be important in another.
Subject(s)
Caspases , Ischemia , Neurodegenerative Diseases , Proteins , Wounds and InjuriesABSTRACT
Incorporation of growth factors in polymeric drug delivery systems serves to maintain its bioactivity and long-term sustained release. With the development of controlled release techniques from simple mixing growth factors with carrier materials to controlled release microspheres, this kind of delivery formulations gain their extensive application. The present review focused on the application of biodegradable delivery systems of growth factors in treating neurodegeneration diseases.