Programas de exercícios domiciliares para incapacidades da atividade de caminhar causadas por distúrbios neurológicos: Revisão sistemática com metanálise / Home-based exercise programs for disabilities of walking activity caused by neurological disorders: Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis

INTRODUÇÃO: Na medida em que a expectativa de vida aumenta, também são necessárias soluções para melhorar a independência funcional em condições cronicamente alteradas, comuns nas disfunções neurológicas. OBJETIVO: Avaliar o efeito de programas de exercícios domiciliares (PED) sobre prejuízos na atividade de caminhar devido a acidente vascular cerebral (AVC), doença de Parkinson (DP), esclerose múltipla (EM) e mielopatia associada ao HTLV-1 ou paraparesia espástica tropical (HAM/TSP). MÉTODOS: As fontes de dados incluíram PubMed, SciELO, Pedro e Cochrane Library e artigos disponíveis em inglês, português, espanhol, alemão ou francês. Nenhuma restrição de tempo foi aplicada e a seleção foi feita por dois pesquisadores independentes em três etapas. Ensaios clínicos com intervenções dos programas PED para adultos com dificuldades de marcha ou equilíbrio decorrentes das condições neurológicas acima foram incluídos. As variáveis foram velocidade ou distância da marcha, força, equilíbrio, mobilidade, funcionalidade e independência funcional. A qualidade metodológica foi avaliada com a escala PEDro, e uma estratégia PICOS orientou extração de dados. Diferenças das médias ponderadas (DMP), intervalos de confiança de 95% (IC) e heterogeneidade foram avaliadas pelo teste I2 com o programa RevMan 5.3. A GRADE foi aplicada na avaliação da qualidade da evidência. RESULTADOS: O PED foi eficaz na melhora do equilíbrio (DMP 2,8;IC 1,5; 4,1) e da capacidade cardiorrespiratória (DMP 29,3m; IC 8,3; 50,2) para pessoas com AVC. Para pessoas com EM, o PED levou a uma melhora no perfil fisiológico (DMP -1,3; IC -0,5; 2,0) e mobilidade (DMP -3,3; IC -5,1; -1,4). CONCLUSÕES: O PED é eficaz na melhora da atividade de caminhada, desempenho e mobilidade funcional das deficiências neurológicas. Sugerimos a aplicação do PED na saúde pública e o uso de escalas funcionais para comparar a mesma incapacidade em diferentes distúrbios neurológicos.

INTRODUCTION: As increase life expectancy, the searches for conducts to improve functional independence in chronically altered conditions as is common in the neurological dysfunction. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effect of therapeutic home based exercise programs (HBE) on impairment of walking activity due to stroke, Parkinson's disease (PD), multiple sclerosis and HTLV-1 associated myelopathy or tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). METHODS: data sources PubMed, Scielo, Pedro, Cochrane Library; available in English, Portuguese, Spanish, German or French languages; no time restrictions; selection made by two independent researchers, in three stages; included Clinical Trials with interventions of HBE Programs for adults with gait or balance disabilities arising from the above neurological conditions; gait speed or distance, strength, balance, mobility, functionality and functional independence were the variables; methodological quality with PEDro scale; PICOS strategy guided the extraction date. Weighted mean differences (WMD), 95% confidence intervals (CI), and the heterogeneity assessed by the I2 test with RevMan 5.3 program. RESULTS: In balance (WMD 2.8; CI 1.5; 4.1) and in cardiorespiratory capacity (WMD 29.3m; IC 8.3; 50.2) for people with stroke are effectiveness. For people with Multiple Scleroses there is improvement in physiological profile (WMD -1.3; CI -0.5; 2.0) and mobility (WMD -3.3; CI -5.1; -1,4). CONCLUSIONS: The HBE is effective on walking activity, improve performance and functional mobility in neurological impairments. Is suggested HBE on public health to includ elements for management of disabilities on the programs and the use of functional scales such as WHODAS to compare the same disability in different neurological disorders.

Posterior vertebral column resection in multiple levels in children with vertebral tuberculosis / Vertebrectomia posterior multinível em crianças com tuberculose vertebral / Vertebrectomía posterior en múltiples niveles en niños con tuberculosis vertebral

ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate the clinical and radiological results of posterior vertebral column resection in the treatment of kyphosis due to vertebral tuberculosis in children under 9 years of age with neurological deficit. Methods Retrospective study of a series of 5 cases, 4 females and 1 male, mean age of 4.7 years at the time of surgery, with spinal tuberculosis and mean kyphosis of 89 degrees. Results All patients underwent surgical treatment with PVCR in multiple levels, with a mean number of 3.6 resected vertebrae, mean surgical time of 359 minutes, mean postoperative stay of 21.2 days. The mean follow-up was 29 months. The mean kyphosis correction was 62.6%. Before surgery, all patients had signs of spinal cord injury, one of which did not present a deficit of strength or sensibility (ASIA E), but there were pyramidal signs and a history of falls. The other 4 had some degree of sensory-motor dysfunction, with ASIA score varying from A to D. Postoperative complications included two dehiscences of suture, one pneumothorax and one pneumonia, all with favorable evolution. Four patients progressed with neurological improvement and one of them had persistence of the neurological deficit until the last follow-up. Conclusions Multiple-level PVCR has proven to be a safe and effective option for the treatment of kyphotic deformity in spinal tuberculosis in children with neurological deficit. Level of evidence IV; Case Series.

RESUMO Objetivo Avaliação dos resultados clínicos e radiológicos da vertebrectomia posterior multinível no tratamento da cifose por tuberculose vertebral em crianças menores de 9 anos apresentando déficit neurológico. Métodos Estudo retrospectivo de uma série de 5 casos, sendo 4 do sexo feminino e 1 do sexo masculino, média de idade de 4,7 anos na época da cirurgia, portadoras de tuberculose vertebral múltiplos níveis, com média de cifose de 89°. Resultados Todos os pacientes foram submetidos ao tratamento cirúrgico com RCVP múltiplos níveis, com número médio de 3,6 vértebras ressecadas, média de tempo cirúrgico de 359 minutos, período médio de internação pós-operatória de 21,2 dias. O seguimento médio foi de 29 meses. A média de correção da cifose foi de 62,6%. Antes da cirurgia, todos os pacientes tinham sinais de sofrimento medular, sendo que um deles não apresentava déficit de força ou sensibilidade (ASIA E), porém havia a presença de sinais piramidais e história de quedas. Os outros 4 possuíam algum grau de disfunção sensitivo-motora, com escore ASIA variando de A a D. Como complicações pós-operatórias ocorreram duas deiscências de sutura, um pneumotórax e uma pneumonia, todas com evolução favorável. Quatro pacientes evoluíram com melhora neurológica e um deles apresentou manutenção do déficit neurológico até o último seguimento. Conclusão A RCVP múltiplos níveis se mostrou uma opção segura e eficaz no tratando da cifose na TB vertebral em crianças com déficit neurológico. Nível de evidência IV; Série de Casos.

RESUMEN Objetivo Evaluar los resultados clínicos y radiológicos de la vertebrectomía posterior en múltiples niveles en el tratamiento de la cifosis por tuberculosis vertebral en niños menores de 9 años con déficit neurológico. Métodos Estudio retrospectivo de una serie de 5 casos, siendo 4 del sexo femenino 1 del sexo masculino, con promedio de edad de 4,7 años en el momento de la cirugía y múltiples niveles de tuberculosis espinal con cifosis promedio de 89 grados. Resultados Todos los pacientes se sometieron a tratamiento quirúrgico por RPCV en niveles múltiples, con una media de 3,6 vértebras resecadas, tiempo operatorio promedio de 359 minutos y estancia promedio postoperatoria de 21,2 días. El seguimiento promedio fue de 29 meses. La corrección de la cifosis promedio fue del 62,6%. Antes de la cirugía, todos los pacientes tenían signos de lesión de la médula espinal, uno de los cuales no tenía déficit de fuerza o sensibilidad (ASIA E), pero tenía signos piramidales y antecedentes de caídas. Los otros 4 tenían algún grado de disfunción sensoriomotora con puntuación de ASIA que variaba de A a D. Las complicaciones postoperatorias incluyeron dos dehiscencias de sutura, un neumotórax y una neumonía, todas con evolución favorable. Cuatro pacientes tuvieron mejoría neurológica y uno de ellos tuvo persistencia del déficit neurológico hasta el último seguimiento. Conclusiones La RPCV ha demostrado ser una opción segura y eficaz en el tratamiento de la deformidad cifótica en la tuberculosis espinal en niños con déficit neurológico. Nivel de evidencia IV; Serie de Casos.

Postoperative Transient Neurologic Dysfunction: A Proposal for Pathophysiology

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Sudden neurological deterioration which cannot be explained by structural change, ischemia or seizure is often observed among neurosurgical patients. We aimed to provide new insight into the pathophysiology of postoperative transient neurologic dysfunction. METHODS: We describe prolonged but fully reversible focal neurologic dysfunction of unknown origin based on the initial evaluation in 8 patients who had received encephalo-duro-arterio-synangiosis for moyamoya disease. We performed brain imaging, including diffusion weighted imaging and perfusion magnetic resonance imaging or single photon emission computed tomography, and electroencephalography (EEG) during the episodes and after resolution of the symptoms. RESULTS: The symptoms consisted of dysarthria, hemiparesis, or hemiparesthesia of limbs contralateral to the operated side. These symptoms developed between 12 hours and 8 days after surgery and lasted between 12 hours and 17 days. Structural imaging did not show any significant interval change compared with the immediate postoperative images. Perfusion imaging showed increased cerebral blood flow in the symptomatic hemisphere. EEG revealed low amplitude arrhythmic slowing in the corresponding hemisphere. Follow-up imaging and EEG after recovery did not show any abnormalities. CONCLUSIONS: Transient neurologic dysfunction can occur during the postoperative period of brain surgery. Although this may last more than usual transient ischemic attack or seizure, it eventually resolves regardless of treatment. Based on our observation, we propose that this is the manifestation of the transient cortical depression triggered by mechanical stimulation, analogous to migraine aura associated with cortical spreading depression.

Organic acidemias in Korea: Eight years experience of organic acid analysis / 소아과

PURPOSE: We have done this retrospective study to know the relative incidence and clinical manifestations of organic acidopathies in Korea during 8 years(from Jul. 1997 to May 2005). This results of organic acid analysis of 1,787 patients were compared with the results of organic acid analysis that were published three years ago. METHODS: The results of quantitative organic acid analysis of samples of 1788 patients, referred from Jul. 1997 to May 2005, were analyzed retrospectively according to four age group(-2 mon, 3 mon-2 years, 3-12 years) and major clinical manifestations. Quantification of 83 organic acids was done with gas chromatography and mass spectometry. RESULTS: We diagnosed 470 patients with 27 diseases of organic acid metabolism during this study period. Diseases found more than 10 cases are cytosolic 3-ketothiolase deficiency, mitochondrial respiratory chain disorders, PDHC deficiency, mitochondrial 3-ketothiolase deficiency, glutaric aciduria type II, biotinidase deficiency, methylmalonic aciduria and propionic aciduria. Other diseases were diagnosed in less than 10 cases. CONCLUSION: Though the incidence of individual organic acidemia is low, the overall incidence of organic acidemia as a whole seems to be relatively high in Korea. Compared with the results of organic acid analysis that were reported three years ago, we couldn't find a new disease and the difference of the relative incidences of high incident diseases. We were apprehensive of the errors that was owing to the short study period(3 years), but the relative incidences of our study(8 years) were similar to the results of organic acid analysis that were reported three years ago.