ABSTRACT
Abstract Introduction The understanding of the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying movement control can be much furthered using computational models of the neuromusculoskeletal system. Biologically based multi-scale neuromusculoskeletal models have a great potential to provide new theories and explanations related to mechanisms behind muscle force generation at the molecular, cellular, synaptic, and systems levels. Albeit some efforts have been made to investigate how neurodegenerative diseases alter the dynamics of individual elements of the neuromuscular system, such diseases have not been analyzed from a systems viewpoint using multi-scale models. Overview and Perspectives This perspective article synthesizes what has been done in terms of multi-scale neuromuscular development and points to a few directions where such models could be extended so that they can be useful in the future to discover early predictors of neurodegenerative diseases, as well as to propose new quantitative clinical neurophysiology approaches to follow the course of improvements associated with different therapies (drugs or others). Concluding Remarks Therefore, this article will present how existing biologically based multi-scale models of the neuromusculoskeletal system could be expanded and adapted for clinical applications. It will point to mechanisms operating at different levels that would be relevant to be considered during model development, along with implications for interpreting experimental results from neurological patients.
ABSTRACT
A diminuição da sensibilidade plantar em idosos acarreta alterações na locomoção e no controle postural que podem aumentar o risco de quedas. Compreender o uso de aferências podais em idosos pode auxiliar na prevenção da perda de mobilidade e quedas. Contudo, a relação entre a sensibilidade de diferentes regiões do pé e alterações no controle postural representa uma lacuna na literatura. Com o propósito de investigar esta lacuna na literatura, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a relação entre a sensibilidade plantar e o controle postural em jovens e idosos. Foram avaliados 42 participantes, organizados em dois grupos de acordo com a faixa etária (jovens ou idosos). Os participantes foram avaliados quanto às características antropométricas, sensibilidade dos pés (usando monofilamentos) e controle postural (usando plataforma de força). Os índices de sensibilidade plantar e de controle postural foram correlacionados e comparados entre os grupos. Os resultados mostraram que idosos tiveram menor sensibilidade dos pés e pior controle postural do que jovens. A amplitude ântero-posterior e a área do centro de pressão de idosos tiveram correlação com a sensibilidade plantar geral, mas não com regiões específicas do pé. Para jovens, a sensibilidade na região do antepé esteve relacionada com o melhor controle postural.
Impairments in the foot sensitivity in the elderly cause changes in locomotion and postural control that may increase fall risk. Understanding the use of foot afference in the elderly may help preventing loss of mobility and fall. However, there are few studies addressing the relation between the sensitivity of different foot regions and postural control. To investigating this lack in literature, the objective of our study was to assess the relationship between foot sensibility and postural control in young and elderly. Forty-two subjects volunteered to this study; they were assigned to a group according to their age (young or elderly). The participants were assessed regarding anthropometry, foot sensibility (using monofilaments) and postural control (using a force plate). The indexes of foot sensibility and postural control were correlated and compared between the groups. Elderly had worst foot sensibility and postural control than young. Center of pressure are and amplitude in antero-posterior direction were correlated with the general foot sensibility, but not with a specific point of the foot in the elderly. For young, the sensitivity in the forefoot region was related to improved postural control.