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Background: SMT (sensorimotor training) is a form of exercise aiming to decrease the muscle imbalance by maximizing the sensory input coming from three sites in the body where there is a large number of propioception(the foot, sacroiliac joint ,cervical spine).The purpose of study is to check the effect of SMT on neuromuscular control, balance and reaction time using three levels i.e. stable surface , unstable surface and sand in elderly population. Method:The study was an experimental study with a sample size of 30 elderly subjects of age group 60-80 years. They had performed exercises in st three levels 1 in stable then foam then sand. They were assessed using SOT test, test for neuromuscular control and reaction time. Conclusion: The study shows that the sensorimotor training which is given in three levels i.e., in stable surface , foam and sand are effective in improving balance, increasing neuromuscular control and decreasing reaction time in elderly for decreasing risk of fall and improving quality of life in elderly.
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@#Objective To identify the effectiveness of physical therapy on neuromuscular control dysfunction of chronic ankle instability (CAI). Methods CAI physiotherapy-related systematic reviews, meta-analysis, randomized controlled studies and case-controlled studies were systematically searched in PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane, PEDro, EBSCO and CNKI from October 1st, 2010 to October 1st, 2020. After quality assessment, the research evidence regarding certain intervention was then graded according to the Oxford Center for Evidence-based Medicine. Results A total of 20 articles were included. Intervention based on unstable plane exercise training could significantly improve lower limb balance control ability (Ⅰ A) and muscle strength (Ⅱ A) for CAI patients. The efficiency of exercise-based intervention could be further raised (Ⅱ C) with the aid of external equipment, but either the benefits in muscle reaction (Ⅲ C) or proprioception (Ⅱ D) was limited. Six sessions or more of manual therapy could be used to enhance the balance ability of the lower limbs (Ⅱ B), while taping failed to provide improvements in ankle proprioception in short period or immediately (Ⅰ A). Conclusion Unstable plane training-based therapeutic exercise and manual therapy could effectively enhance the neuromuscular control with high-quality evidence supporting, which can be primary interventions for CAI patients. Meanwhile, taping and other external devices could be used as adjunct methods to improve the efficiency of physiotherapy program, while there is currently no evidence to support the application of modality treatment in neuromuscular control of CAI.
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Objective:To investigate the effect of eccentric exercise training on knee function and neuromuscular control in patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome. Methods:From September, 2016 to September, 2019, 39 outpatients with patellofemoral pain syndrome visiting our hospital were randomly divided into control group (n = 19) and experimental group (n = 20). Both groups received routine rehabilitation, while the experimental group received eccentric training of quadriceps femoris in addition, for eight weeks. They were assessed with Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) of pain, Lysholm score, while the acceleration time was measured with Isokinetic Testing and Training System, and stability index with Dynamic Balance Tester. Results:The VAS score, acceleration time of all the muscles, and overall, anterior-posterior and medial-lateral stability indexes decreased (t > 2.521, P < 0.05), and the Lysholm score increased (|t| > 13.628, P < 0.001) in both groups after treatment, while the VAS score, acceleration time of all the muscles, overall and anterior-posterior stability indexes were less (|t| > 2.174, P < 0.05), and the Lysholm score was more (t = 11.947, P < 0.001) in the experimental group than in the control group. Conclusion:Eccentric exercise training of quadriceps femoris is effective on pain, knee function and neuromuscular control for patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome.
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BACKGROUND: The motor neuromuscular control of the ankle is decreased in individuals with chronic ankle instability, which impairs athletic performance. Kinesio taping has been widely used in the prevention and treatment of chronic ankle instability. However, there is limited research exploring the effects of kinesio taping on motor neuromuscular control in individuals with chronic ankle instability currently, and moreover, the results are in controversy with large heterogeneity. OBJECTIVE: To describe the current research situation of the effects of kinesio taping on motor neuromuscular control in individuals with chronic ankle instability, thereby providing reliable reference in clinical practice METHODS: The first author searched the articles addressing the application of kinesio taping in chronic ankle instability from January 2009 to July 2019 in the databases of PubMed, Cochrane, WOS and CNKI. The keywords were “chronic ankle instability, ankle instability, ankle”, “kinesio tap*, kinesiology tap*, kinaesthetic tap*, tap*” in Chinese and English. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Kinesio taping may improve ankle proprioception and jumping biomechanical performance in individuals with chronic ankle instability, but more high-quality researches are required. There is insufficient evidence to encourage that the use of kinesio taping can facilitate muscle strength, activation characteristics and balance function in individuals with chronic ankle instability. The existing studies have extensive heterogeneity in the selection of subjects, so it is difficult to comprehensively summarize the patients with chronic ankle instability of different exercise types and levels. The included scales of different studies are different, there are obvious differences in the methods, pull, direction, and duration when using kinesio taping, and there is no uniform standard. There is a lack of high-quality meta-analysis for evidence-based argumentation.
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This article introduced the neuromuscular activation characteristics of patients with chronic ankle instability during dif-ferent movement patterns, and explained the reasons of deficits of neuromuscular control in lower extremity muscle ac-tivity, kinetics, and kinematics, which aimed at further clarifying the mechanism of chronic ankle instability, and provid-ing theoretical basis for its rehabilitation training.
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BACKGROUND: Programs designed to prevent or rehabilitate athletic injuries or improve athletic performance frequently focus on core stability. This approach is based upon the theory that poor core stability increases the risk of poor performance and/or injury. Despite the widespread use of core stability training amongst athletes, the question of whether or not sufficient evidence exists to support this practice remains to be answered.OBJECTIVES: 1) Open a dialogue on the definition and components of core stability. 2) Provide an overview of current science linking core stability to musculoskeletal injuries of the upper extremity. 3) Provide an overview of evidence for the association between core stability and athletic performance.DISCUSSION: Core stability is the ability to control the position and movement of the trunk for optimal production, transfer, and control of forces to and from the upper and lower extremities during functional activities. Muscle capacity and neuromuscular control are critical components of core stability. A limited body of evidence provides some support for a link between core stability and upper extremity injuries amongst athletes who participate in baseball, football, or swimming. Likewise, few studies exist to support a relationship between core stability and athletic performance.CONCLUSIONS: A limited body of evidence exists to support the use of core stability training in injury prevention or performance enhancement programs for athletes. Clearly more research is needed to inform decision making when it comes to inclusion or emphasis of core training when designing injury prevention and rehabilitation programs for athletes.
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Humans , Athletic Injuries/physiopathology , Muscle, Skeletal/physiology , Upper Extremity/physiology , Athletic Performance/physiology , Athletic Injuries/prevention & control , MovementABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Cryotherapy is a widely used technique in physical therapy clinics and sports. However, the effects of cryotherapy on dynamic neuromuscular control are incompletely explained. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effects of cryotherapy applied to the calf, ankle and sole of the foot in healthy young adults on ground reaction forces during gait initiation. METHOD: This study evaluated the gait initiation forces, maximum propulsion, braking forces and impulses of 21 women volunteers through a force platform, which provided maximum and minimum ground reaction force values. To assess the effects of cooling, the task - gait initiation - was performed before ice application, immediately after and 30 minutes after removal of the ice pack. Ice was randomly applied on separate days to the calf, ankle and sole of the foot of the participants. RESULTS: It was demonstrated that ice application for 30 minutes to the sole of the foot and calf resulted in significant changes in the vertical force variables, which returned to their pre-application values 30 minutes after the removal of the ice pack. Ice application to the ankle only reduced propulsion impulse. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that although caution is necessary when performing activities that require good gait control, the application of ice to the ankle, sole of the foot or calf in 30-minute intervals may be safe even preceding such activities. .
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Humans , Female , Young Adult , Cryotherapy , Gait/physiology , Leg/physiologyABSTRACT
The terms "proprioceptive deficit" , "proprioceptive training" , and "proprioceptive rehabilitation" are being used with increasing frequency in sports medicine literature. Despite the popularity of this terminology, multiple definitions for "proprioception" exist. Many researchers have defined proprioception as the afferent input of joint position sense ( i. e. , detection of position or movement) , whereas others consider proprioception in a broader scope of neuromuscular control. In addition to detection of an afferent stimulus, neuromuscular control includes processing of the stimulus and a reactionary efferent output mediated via the neuromuscular system.