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Scoliosis is a common deformity in neuromuscular disease, which usually has the characteristics of early onset age, severe degree of deformity, and rapid progression.Neuromuscular scoliosis often leads to serious damages to the quality of life, and results in the loss of walking, standing and sitting, and cardiopulmonary insufficiency.Surgical treatment can improve the quality of life for children with neuromuscular scoliosis, but surgical treatment is still challenging due to the complex surgery and many complicated diseases.The complications are much higher than those of idiopathic scoliosis.A multidisciplinary team is necessary in the surgical treatment of neuromuscular scoliosis to promptly and effectively reduce the complications.
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Resumen: Objetivo: Evaluar en forma retrospectiva los resultados obtenidos y las complicaciones presentadas en el tratamiento quirúrgico de pacientes con escoliosis neuropática secundaria a mielomeningocele. Material y métodos: Entre Julio de 1991 y Julio de 2018 fueron tratados quirúrgicamente 40 pacientes consecutivos con diagnóstico de escoliosis neuropática secundaria a mielomeningocele, a quienes se les realizó artrodesis vertebral. Resultados: El promedio de observación fue de 10 años (rango de 2-27 años). Fueron 19 pacientes masculinos y 21 femeninos, con un promedio de edad de 13 años. La magnitud promedio de la curva escoliótica fue de 90o en el prequirúrgico y de 43o en el último control. Corrección promedio de 52%. La magnitud promedio de la oblicuidad pélvica fue de 19o en el prequirúrgico y de 9o en el último control. Corrección promedio de 53%. La magnitud preoperativa del balance coronal fue de 28.4 mm, al último control fue de 17 mm. Corrección promedio de 40%. La magnitud promedio de la cifosis fue de 50o en el prequirúrgico y de 41o en el último control. Corrección promedio de 18%. El balance sagital prequirúrgico fue de 63.3 mm, al último control fue de 38.3 mm. Corrección promedio de 40%. Hubo 13 complicaciones (32.5%), la infección fue la complicación observada con mayor frecuencia. Conclusión: Los principales objetivos de la estabilización quirúrgica en pacientes con mielomeningocele son obtener una columna estable, balanceada y sin dolor. Sin embargo, el tratamiento quirúrgico de estos pacientes continúa siendo difícil y está asociado a un alto porcentaje de complicaciones.
Abstract: Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate the outcomes and complications in patients with myelomeningocele who have undergone spinal fusion for neuromuscular scoliosis. Material and methods: Retrospective study of 40 consecutive patients with myelomeningocele with neuromuscular scoliosis who underwent spinal arthrodesis, treated at our center between July 1991 and July 2028. Results: Mean follow up was 10 years. There were 19 male and 21 females. The average age at operation was 13 years. The mean preoperative scoliosis curve was 90o. At last follow up, the mean scoliosis curve was 43o. Mean correction of 52%. The average of pelvic obliquity was 19o. At last follow up de obliquity was 9o. Mean correction of 53%. The mean preoperative coronal balance was 28.4 mm. At the last follow up it was 17 mm. Mean correction of 40%. The mean preoperative kyphosis was 50o. At the last follow up it was 41o. Mean correction of 18%. The mean preoperative sagittal balance was 63.3 mm. At the last follow up it was 38.3 mm. Mean correction of 40%. There were 13 complications (32.5%), with infection being the most frequently observed complication. Conclusions: The goals of the spinal surgery in patients with MMC are to obtain a stable, balanced and painless spinal fusion. Although the surgical treatment of these patients remains difficult, it is associated with high complication rate.
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Objective To summarize the experience of respiratory tract management in a case of spinal muscular atrophy with neuromuscular scoliosis. Methods Respiratory tract nursing included prevention of pulmonary infection, inspiratory muscle training, rebuilding respiratory form before surgery, and assessment of sputum expectoration capacity ,pain management, airway management after surgery. Results The patient was discharged without pulmonary complications. Conclusions For patient with breathing problem, respiratory tract management can prevent pulmonary complications during perioperative period.
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Objective@#To summarize the experience of respiratory tract management in a case of spinal muscular atrophy with neuromuscular scoliosis.@*Methods@#Respiratory tract nursing included prevention of pulmonary infection, inspiratory muscle training, rebuilding respiratory form before surgery, and assessment of sputum expectoration capacity, pain management, airway management after surgery.@*Results@#The patient was discharged without pulmonary complications.@*Conclusions@#For patient with breathing problem, respiratory tract management can prevent pulmonary complications during perioperative period.
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@#Severe rigid neuromuscular scoliosis is a major challenge to the spine surgeon due to the possibilities of neurological sequelae from acute correction of the deformity. Halo gravity traction has been considered as a way of reducing the deformity before correction to prevent neurological complications. Three female patients with severe neuromuscular scoliosis aged seven to 13 years with main coronal Cobb angle of 95°-128° and Kyphotic Cobb of 47°-118° having ≤35% flexibility on traction, had between 18 to 23 days of 16 hour/day of halo gravity traction and night time supine traction with 4kg weight for 7-8 hours. They had 28.9% and 18.5% of main coronal and kyphotic Cobb angle correction post-traction respectively. All had posterior instrumentation and post-operatively, they had correction of main coronal Cobb angle of 29°-58° and kyphotic Cobb angle of 30°-77° with no neurological complication. Halo gravity traction is therefore a viable option for reducing post-operative neurological complication in rigid severe scoliosis.
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STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective comparative study. PURPOSE: To study and compare the surgical outcomes of muscular dystrophy (MD) and spinal muscle atrophy (SMA). OVERVIEW OF LITERATURE: There are few reports that have evaluated and compared the surgical outcomes of MD and SMA patients. METHODS: The patients (n = 35) were divided into two groups: a MD group with 24 patients and a SMA group with 11 patients. The average follow-up period was 21 months. All patients were operated for scoliosis correction using posterior instrumentation and fusion. In the immediate postoperative period, all efforts were made to reduce the pulmonary complications using non-invasive positive pressure ventilation and a coughing assist devices. The patients were evaluated by radiograph in terms of the Cobb's angle, pelvic obliquity, T1 translation, thoracic kyphosis and lumbar lordosis. The pulmonary function and self-image satisfaction were also assessed. RESULTS: There was a lower correction rate in the MD group (41.5%) than in the SMA group (48.3%), even though the curves were smaller in the MD group. The correction in the pelvic obliquity was significantly better in the SMA group (p = 0.03). The predicted vital capacity showed a 4% reduction in the MD group 1 year after surgery, while the SMA group showed a 10% reduction. The peak cough flow and end tidal PCO2 did not deteriorate and were well maintained. The average score for the improvement in self-image satisfaction postoperatively was 3.96 and 4.64 for the MD and SMA groups, respectively. The total complication rate was 45.7%; 14.3% of which were respiratory-related. CONCLUSIONS: Surgical intervention for MD and SMA may be performed safely in patients with a very low forced vital capacity (< 30%) through aggressive preoperative and postoperative rehabilitation efforts.
Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Cough , Follow-Up Studies , Kyphosis , Lordosis , Muscular Atrophy , Muscular Atrophy, Spinal , Muscular Dystrophies , Positive-Pressure Respiration , Postoperative Period , Retrospective Studies , Scoliosis , Vital CapacityABSTRACT
STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective study. PURPOSE: To compare outcomes of apical derotation with pedicle screws in idiopathic and neuromuscular scoliosis (NMS). OVERVIEW OF LITERATURE: No information about apical derotation in NMS with pedicle screws is available. METHODS: We performed deformity correcting surgery using pedicle screw constructs on 12 adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) patients (mean age 14.1 years) and 16 NMS patients (mean age 16.5 years). Preoperative, postoperative, and final follow-up radiographs were analyzed for Cobb's angle and pelvic obliquity, while apical rotation was measured on CT scans using the Aaro-Dahlborn method. RESULTS: For AIS, the mean preoperative Cobb's angle, pelvic obliquity, and apical rotation values were 57.3degrees, 2.8degrees, and 20.4degrees, respectively, and postoperatively they were 16.8degrees, 1.1degrees and 14.7degrees, respectively, showing significant correction. For NMS, the mean preoperative Cobb's angle, pelvic obliquity, and apical rotation values were 75.6degrees, 13.7degrees, and 42.9degrees, respectively, and postoperatively they were 27.1degrees, 5.8degrees, and 34.1degrees, respectively, also showing significant correction. There were no significant differences between AIS and NMS patients Cobb's angle p=0.306, pelvic obliquity p=0.887 and apical derotation p=0.113degrees. There were no differences in curve severity in the three groups (AIS, NMS >80degreesand NMS 80 NMS group (p=0.04). CONCLUSIONS: Apical axial derotation can be achieved with posterior only pedicle screw fixation in NMS without anterior release, with comparable results in idiopathic scoliosis.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Humans , Congenital Abnormalities , Follow-Up Studies , Retrospective Studies , ScoliosisABSTRACT
STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective study of functional outcome after surgical correction of neuromuscular scoliosis. OBJECTIVES: To assess functional outcomes and their significances after the surgical correction of neuromuscular scoliosis. SUMMARY OF LITERATURE REVIEW: The surgical correction of neuromuscular scoliosis has been used to stabilize the trunk for balanced sitting, to improve cardiopulmonary function, and the function of the upper extremities. Many authors have reported favorable surgical results, but few studies have been undertaken on functional assessment after surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eighteen adult patients with neuromuscular scoliosis underwent surgical correction. Functional assessments were performed in terms of impairments, disabilities, and handicaps. The impairments included sitting ability, coronal Cobb's angle, pain after surgery, and cosmesis after surgery. The disabilities included dressing, feeding, toilet/bathing, locomotion, and the use of both hands, and the handicaps included the effort and time to care for patients. Each parameter was checked preoperatively, 6 months after surgery, and at the last follow-up. RESULTS: In terms of impairments, sitting ability, coronal Cobb's angle, pain, and cosmesis were improved by surgery. In terms of disabilities, dressing, toilet/bathing, and locomotion were not improved after surgical correction. However, the feeding and use of both hands were significantly improved. And, in terms of handicaps, both the effort and the time required for care were reduced post-surgically. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that impairments, handicaps, and the functions of the upper extremities were improved after surgical intervention to stabilize the trunk and spine in cases of neuromuscular scoliosis, but that overall disabilities were unaffected. This latter apparent shortcoming is attributed to the inability of surgery to treat previous systemic disease affecting physical disabilities of lower extremities. However, surgical correction of neuromuscular scoliosis was found to be clinically significant in terms of improving the functions of the trunk and of the upper extremities.