Reabilitação vestibular: sua efetividade após a alta / Vestibular rehabilitation: Its effectiveness after discharge / Rehabilitación vestibular: su efectividad después del alta

ntrodução: A reabilitação vestibular é um tratamento para tontura crônica que utiliza exercícios personalizados visando restaurar o controle postural e reduzir a tontura. Pouco se discute na literatura sobre os benefícios em longo prazo desta intervenção. Objetivos: Descrever o perfil dos pacientes atendidos no Ambulatório de Reabilitação Vestibular e verificar a melhora do equilíbrio corporal após a alta fonoaudiológica. Métodos: Foram colhidas informações acerca dos dados sociodemográficos, diagnóstico, tratamento anterior e queixas existentes. As informações foram obtidas por contato telefônico e acesso aos prontuários. Os dados foram analisados estatisticamente utilizando nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: Participaram 26 indivíduos, sendo 21 (80,8%) do gênero feminino, com média de idade de 67 anos. A queixa principal foi tontura não rotatória. O resultado do teste vestibular mais comum foi hipofunção vestibular unilateral. Dentre os entrevistados, 25 (96,2%) relataram melhora dos sintomas com o tratamento, com redução da pontuação obtida no Dizziness Handicap Inventory. Sete participantes (26,9%) permaneceram assintomáticos desde o término da reabilitação. Aqueles que relataram ainda sentirem tontura, descreveram que esta possui menor intensidade que no período anterior à intervenção.Conclusão: Houve prevalência de indivíduos do gênero feminino, idosos, com ensino fundamental incompleto, sem diagnóstico otoneurológico estabelecido, com queixa de tontura não rotatória e resultado do teste vestibular de hipofunção vestibular unilateral.A reabilitação vestibular foi eficaz para redução dos sintomas apresentados. A exposição sucessiva aos exercícios após o tratamento auxilia na manutenção do equilíbrio. Contudo, a adesão à realização dos exercícios após a alta ainda é baixa. (AU)

Introduction: Vestibular rehabilitation is a treatment for chronic dizziness that uses personalized exercises aimed at restoring postural control and reducing dizziness. There is little discussion in the literature about the long-term benefits of this intervention. Objectives: To describe the profile of patients seen at the Vestibular Rehabilitation Outpatient Clinic and verify body balance improvement after speech-language-hearing therapy discharge. Methods: Sociodemographic data, diagnosis, previous treatment, and existing complaints were collected. The information was obtained via phone calls and medical records. The data were statistically analyzed using a significance level of 5%. Results: 26 individuals participated, of whom 21 (80.8%) were female, with a mean age of 67 years. The main complaint was non-rotational dizziness. The most common vestibular test result was unilateral vestibular hypofunction. Among the interviewees, 25 (96.2%) reported improved symptoms after the treatment, with reduced Dizziness Handicap Inventory scores. Seven participants (26.9%) remained asymptomatic since the end of rehabilitation. Those who still reported dizziness described it as less intense than before the intervention. Conclusion: There was a prevalence of females, older adults with incomplete middle school, no established otoneurological diagnosis, complaint of non-rotational dizziness, and vestibular test results of unilateral vestibular hypofunction. Vestibular rehabilitation effectively reduced the symptoms. Successive exposure to exercises after treatment helps maintain balance. However, adherence to exercise after discharge is still low. (AU)

Introducción: La rehabilitación vestibular es un tratamiento para la vértigo crónico que utiliza ejercicios personalizados con el objetivo de restaurar el control postural y reducir el vértigo. Hay poco debate en la literatura sobre los beneficios a largo plazo de esta intervención. Objetivos: Describir el perfil de los pacientes atendidos en el Ambulatorio de Rehabilitación Vestibular y verificar la mejora del equilibrio corporal después del alta fonoaudiológica. Métodos: Se recopilaron información sobre datos sociodemográficos, diagnóstico, tratamiento previo y quejas que aún persistían. La información se obtuvo por contacto telefónico y acceso a los registros médicos. Los datos se analizaron estadísticamente utilizando un nivel de significación del 5%. Resultados: Participaron 26 individuos, siendo 21 (80,8%) del género femenino, con una edad promedio de 67 años. La queja principal fue vértigo no rotatorio. El resultado del examen vestibular más común fue hipofunción vestibular unilateral. Entre los entrevistados, 25 (96,2%) informaron una mejora en los síntomas con el tratamiento, con una reducción en la puntuación obtenida en el Dizziness Handicap Inventory. Siete participantes (26,9%) permanecieron asintomáticos desde el final de la rehabilitación. Aquellos que informaron que todavía experimentaban vértigo describieron que este tenía una intensidad menor que en el período anterior a la intervención. Conclusión: Hubo una prevalencia de individuos del género femenino, ancianos, con educación primaria incompleta, sin un diagnóstico otoneurológico establecido, con queja de vértigo no rotatorio y un resultado del examen vestibular de hipofunción vestibular unilateral. La rehabilitación vestibular fue efectiva para reducir los síntomas presentados. La exposición sucesiva a los ejercicios después del tratamiento ayuda a mantener el equilibrio. Sin embargo, la adherencia a la realización de los ejercicios después del alta sigue siendo baja. (AU)

Inside-Out Transcanal Endoscopic Mastoidectomy: Literature Revision

Abstract Introduction Recently, there have been significant advancements in transcanal endoscopic ear surgery (TEES). The combination of rigid and thin otoendoscopes with highdefinition cameras enabled a less invasive transcanal access to the middle ear and a clearer view of the surgical field. Several surgeons have recently published studies about cholesteatoma resection via transcanal endoscopic surgery, even in cases where the disease has extended to the mastoid, requiring transcanal endoscopic mastoidectomy. Objectives To analyze the currently available literature on transcanal endoscopic inside-out mastoidectomy, and to determine its efficacy as a surgical technique by evaluating the disease's relapse/recurrence rate. Data Synthesis Initially, the titles and abstracts of articles identified were analyzed. At this stage, 117 articles were analyzed, 97 of which were excluded for not meeting the inclusion criteria. The 20 remaining articles were further evaluated. The articles were classified on the basis of five levels of scientific evidence. Final Comments The analysis of the studies showed that the transcanal endoscopic approach is effective in providing access to the attic or antrum, especially in cases of sclerotic mastoids. There was only one study with grade A recommendation, which showed the efficacy of endoscopic ear surgery in the treatment of cholesteatoma. Furthermore, there were three studies with grade B recommendation, showing less relapse/recurrence after TEES. More studies with grade A and B recommendations are needed to better evaluate the effectiveness of TEES, especially compared with that of traditional microscopic surgery.

Adaptación transcultural del cuestionario motion sickness susceptibility questionnaire form short (MSSQ-SHORT) para la población adulta chilena / Cross-cultural adaptation of the motion sickness susceptibility questionnaire form short (MSSQ-SHORT) for the chilean adult population

Resumen Introducción: La cinetosis se relaciona con la presencia de una serie de síntomas que comúnmente son inducidos por situaciones cotidianas de viajes en medios de transporte. Una forma utilizada por décadas para determinar el grado de susceptibilidad a la cinetosis ha sido con la aplicación del cuestionario en su versión acortada Motion Sickness Suscep-tibility-short (MSSQ-short). Objetivo: Adaptar lingüística y transculturalmente al español el cuestionario MSSQ-short. Material y Método: Se llevaron a cabo cuatro etapas: Traducción directa, traducción inversa (retrotraducción), consolidación por un comité de expertos y pretest (aplicabilidad/viabilidad). En la etapa de pre-test 51 personas respondieron el cuestionario. Resultados: La discrepancias encontradas en las primeras etapas fueron resueltas por un tercer traductor, el cual concluyó en un documento final en español que fue analizado y revisado por el comité de expertos. Se determinaron los percentiles del 0 al 100, percentil 50 con 9,0 puntos, percentil 25 con 2,13 puntos y el percentil 75 con 17,4 puntos. La consistencia interna del cuestionario fue de 0,889. Conclusión: La traducción y adaptación transcultural fue aceptada por un comité de expertos y participantes con distintas características demográficas y educacionales. El cuestionario obtuvo buena consistencia interna y resultados concordantes con la versión original.

Abstract Introduction: Motion sickness is related to the presence of a series of symptoms that are typically induced by everyday situations of travel in means of transport. A way used for decades to determine the degree of susceptibility to motion sickness has been with the application of the questionnaire in its shortened version Motion Sickness Susceptibility-short (MSSQ-short). Aim: Linguistically and cross-culturally adapt the MSSQ-short questionnaire to Spanish. Material and Method: Four stages were carried out: direct translation, reverse translation (back translation), consolidation by a committee of experts, and pretest (applicability/feasibility). In the pre-test stage, 51 people answered the questionnaire. Results: The discrepancies found in the early stages were resolved by a third translator, which concluded in a final document in Spanish that was analyzed and reviewed by the expert committee. The percentiles from 0 to 100 were determined, 50th percentile with 9.0 points, 25th percentile with 2.13 points, and 75th percentile with 17.4 points. The internal consistency of the questionnaire was 0.889. Conclusion: The cross-cultural translation and adaptation were accepted by a committee of experts and participants with different demographic and educational characteristics. The questionnaire obtained good internal consistency and results consistent with the original version.

Recomendaciones para la atención fonoaudiológica en las áreas de audiología y otoneurología en contexto COVID-19: una revisión narrativa / Recommendations for audiologist assistance in the areas of audiology and otoneurology in context COVID-19: a narrative review

La pandemia por el virus SARS-CoV-2 causante de la enfermedad COVID-19 se ha expandido rápidamente a nivel mundial. Las autoridades de salud pública han recomendado limitar las prestaciones de salud no esenciales, buscando el equilibrio entre el riesgo del retraso en el tratamiento y la potencial exposición al virus. En la mayoría de las prestaciones en las áreas de audiología y otoneurología no es posible cumplir con el distanciamiento físico recomendado y la duración de la atención puede superar los 45 minutos, factores que aumentan el riesgo de contagio para el profesional. El objetivo de la presente revisión es describir la evidencia actual sobre las recomendaciones de atención para las áreas de audiología y otoneurología en contexto COVID-19. Además de la búsqueda de artículos científicos en diversas bases de datos, se revisaron las recomendaciones emitidas por las principales asociaciones en el área. La información obtenida se organizó considerando cuatro aspectos clínicos relevantes: prestaciones, procedimientos, elementos de protección personal y limpieza de equipamiento e insumos. La evidencia científica y las sugerencias de las asociaciones están en constante actualización y algunos temas se han desarrollado escasamente. Sin embargo, las recomendaciones coinciden en priorizar la atención a distancia, extremar el uso de elementos de protección personal, implementar protocolos de higiene de manos y limpieza de equipos e insumos. También, se sugiere incorporar estrategias de comunicación alternativas al lenguaje oral con las personas con hipoacusia para facilitar la discriminación de la palabra.

The COVID-19 pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus has rapidly spread worldwide. Public health authorities have recommended limiting non-essential healthcare, in search of a balance between the risk of delaying treatment and the potential exposure to the virus. Most services in the audiology and otoneurologyareas can easily exceed 45 minutes and it is not possible to keep the recommended physical distancing. Both factors increase the risk of professionals being infected. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to describe the current evidence about recommendations in audiology and otoneurology care in the context of COVID-19. In addition to the search of scientific articles in various databases, recommendations issued by the mainassociations in the area were consulted. The information was gathered considering four relevant clinical aspects: health careservices, procedures, personal protective equipment and the cleaning of equipment and supplies. Scientific evidence and suggestions made by associations are being constantly updated, and therefore there is limited content on some topics. However, the recommendations agree on prioritizing remote health care, increasing the use of personal protective equipment, implementing protocols for hand hygiene and for the cleaning of equipment and supplies. The incorporation communication strategies other than oral language to interact with people with hearing lossto facilitate speech discrimination is also recommended.

Neurotology: definitions and evidence-based therapies - Results of the I Brazilian Forum of Neurotology / Otoneurologia: definições e terapias baseadas em evidências - Resultados do I Fórum Brasileiro de Otoneurologia

Abstract Introduction: Neurotology is a rapidly expanding field of knowledge. The study of the vestibular system has advanced so much that even basic definitions, such as the meaning of vestibular symptoms, have only recently been standardized. Objective: To present a review of the main subjects of neurotology, including concepts, diagnosis and treatment of Neurotology, defining current scientific evidence to facilitate decision-making and to point out the most evidence-lacking areas to stimulate further new research. Methods: This text is the result of the I Brazilian Forum of Neurotology, which brought together the foremost Brazilian researchers in this area for a literature review. In all, there will be three review papers to be published. This first review will address definitions and therapies, the second one will address diagnostic tools, and the third will define the main diseases diagnoses. Each author performed a bibliographic search in the LILACS, SciELO, PubMed and MEDLINE databases on a given subject. The text was then submitted to the other Forum participants for a period of 30 days for analysis. A special chapter, on the definition of vestibular symptoms, was translated by an official translation service, and equally submitted to the other stages of the process. There was then a in-person meeting in which all the texts were orally presented, and there was a discussion among the participants to define a consensual text for each chapter. The consensual texts were then submitted to a final review by four professors of neurotology disciplines from three Brazilian universities and finally concluded. Based on the full text, available on the website of the Brazilian Association of Otorhinolaryngology and Cervical-Facial Surgery, this summary version was written as a review article. Result: The text presents the official translation into Portuguese of the definition of vestibular symptoms proposed by the Bárány Society and brings together the main scientific evidence for each of the main existing therapies for neurotological diseases. Conclusion: This text rationally grouped the main topics of knowledge regarding the definitions and therapies of Neurotology, allowing the reader a broad view of the approach of neurotological patients based on scientific evidence and national experience, which should assist them in clinical decision-making, and show the most evidence-lacking topics to stimulate further study.

Resumo Introdução: A otoneurologia é uma área de conhecimento que tem se expandido muito rapidamente. O estudo do sistema vestibular tem avançado tanto que mesmo definições básicas, como o significado dos sintomas vestibulares, foram apenas recentemente padronizadas. Objetivo: Apresentar uma revisão dos principais assuntos da otoneurologia, inclusive conceitos, diagnóstico e tratamento da otoneurologia, definir a evidência científica atual para facilitar a tomada de decisões e demonstrar as áreas mais carentes de evidência para estimular novas pesquisas. Método: Este texto é fruto do I Fórum Brasileiro de Otoneurologia, que reuniu os principais pesquisadores brasileiros dessa área para uma revisão da literatura. Serão feitos três trabalhos de revisão a serem publicados. Este primeiro abordou as definições e as terapias, o segundo abordará as ferramentas diagnósticas e o terceiro definirá os principais diagnósticos. Cada autor fez um levantamento bibliográfico na base de dados da Lilacs, SciELO, Pubmed e Medline de um determinado assunto. O seu texto foi então submetido aos demais participantes do Fórum por 30 dias para análise. Um capítulo especial, da definição dos sintomas vestibulares, foi traduzido por serviço de tradução oficial e igualmente submetido às demais etapas do processo. Houve então uma reunião presencial em que todos os textos foram apresentados oralmente e houve uma discussão entre os participantes para a definição de um texto consensual para cada capítulo. Os textos consensuais foram então submetidos a uma revisão final por quatro professores de otoneurologia de três universidades brasileiras e, por fim, finalizado. A partir do texto completo, publicado no site da Associação Brasileira de Otorrinolaringologia e Cirurgia Cérvico-Facial, foi escrita esta versão-resumo como artigo de revisão. Resultado: O texto apresenta a tradução oficial para o português da definição dos sintomas vestibulares propostos pela Barany Society e agrupa as principais evidências científicas para cada um das principais terapias existentes para as doenças otoneurológicas. Conclusão: Este texto agrupou de forma racional os principais tópicos de conhecimento a respeito das definições e terapias da otoneurologia, permite ao leitor uma visão ampla da abordagem dos pacientes otoneurológicos baseada em evidências científicas e experiência nacional, que deverá auxiliá-lo na tomada de decisões clínicas, e mostra os assuntos mais carentes de evidência para estimular novos estudos.

COVID-19 e o exame do líquor / COVID-19 and Cerebral Spinal Fluid analysis

O novo coronavírus (SARS-Coronavírus-2: SARS-Cov-2) foi inicialmente relatado em 2019, em Wuhan, China, onde o aparecimento de muitos casos inexplicáveis de pneumonia severa deixou em alerta todos os serviços de saúde do mundo. A Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS) declarou recentemente uma pandemia, com mais de um milhão de casos relatados até o momento de COVID-19. A relação da fisiopatologia deste novo agente infeccioso associado ao comportamento dos achados laboratoriais do exame do líquor-LCR, através das descrições de casos e relatos, é importante para a análise, interpretação e apoio diagnóstico.

The new coronavirus (SARS-Coronavirus-2: SARS-Cov-2), was initially reported in 2019 in Wuhan, China, where the appearance of many unexplained cases of severe pneumonia has put all health services on alert of the world. The World Health Organization (WHO) recently declared a pandemic, with more than 1,000,000 cases reported to date as of COVID-19. The pathophysiological relationship of this new infectious agent associated with the behavior of laboratory findings of Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) examination, through case descriptions and reports, are important for analysis, interpretation and diagnostic support.

Descripción de los trastornos del equilibrio en la Unidad de Otoneurología del Hospital Clínico Herminda Martín / Description of balance disorders in the otoneurology unit of the Hospital Clinico Herminda Martin

INTRODUCCIÓN: Los trastornos del equilibrio constituyen un grupo heterogéneo de patologías. Son patologías frecuentes en medicina, representando una carga asistencial significativa en los distintos niveles de atención. En ese sentido, los estudios de frecuencia son una herramienta para entender patrones de enfermedad, como también la evaluación y planificación de una red asistencial. Material y método: Estudio descriptivo transversal sobre pacientes que asistieron al policlínico de otoneurología del Hospital Clínico Herminda Martin con motivo de consulta síntomas vestibulares durante el año 2018. Resultados: 183 pacientes cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión y exclusión, 78% (n=143) del sexo femenino y 22% (n=40) del masculino. Con una edad promedio de 58 años. El diagnóstico otoneurológico más frecuente fue vértigo posicional paroxístico benigno 34,97% (n=64), seguido de migraña vestibular 7,1% (n=13), enfermedad de Ménière 5,46% (n=10) y neuritis vestibular 4,37% (n=8). En 26,78% (n=49) no se logró un diagnóstico definitivo. Los trastornos de origen central representaron un 3,83% (n=7) y aquellos de origen no otoneurológico un 17,49% (n=32). Discusión: Los datos de frecuencia de los distintos trastornos del equilibrio registrados en el policlínico de otoneurología del Hospital Clínico Herminda Martin, son similares a la literatura internacional. Los trastornos vestibulares periféricos son los más frecuentes, de los cuales destaca el vértigo posicional paroxístico benigno representando el 34,97% del total de casos. Dentro de las causas otoneurológicas, la migraña vestibular fue la segunda causa en nuestro medio con un 7,1% del total de casos.

INTRODUCTION: Balance disorders are a heterogeneous group of diseases. They are a frequent medical condition, representing a significant healthcare burden at the different levels of care. Thus, frequency studies are a tool to understand disease patterns, as well as the evaluation and planning of a healthcare network. Material and method: Cross-sectional study of patients who attended the otoneurology out-patient clinic of the Hospital Clinico Herminda Martin with chief complaint of vestibular symptoms during 2018. Results: 183 patients met the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 143 (78%) were female and 40 (22%) male. With an average age of 58 years. The most frequent otoneurological diagnosis was benign paroxysmal positional vertigo 34.97% (n=64), followed by vestibular migraine 7.1% (n=13), Ménière's disease 5.46% (n=10) and vestibular neuritis 4.37% (n=8). In 26.78% (n=49) a definitive diagnosis was not achieved. Disorders of central origin represented 3.83% (n=7) and non-otoneurological origin 17.49% (n=32). Discussion: The frequency data of the balance disorders registered in the otoneurology out-patient clinic are similar to the international literature, peripheral vestibular disorders are the most frequent, of which benign paroxysmal positional vertigo stands out, representing 34.97% of the total cases. Among the otoneurological causes, vestibular migraine was the second cause in our study with 7.1% of the total cases

Robert Bárány, a scientist with many interests / Robert Bárány, um cientista com muitos interesses

ABSTRACT Austrian-born Robert Bárány was a scientist with many interests. This article highlights some of these interests and also some personal traits. He enrolled as a surgeon in World War I, was captured by the Russians in 1915 and, while still in the prison camp, was awarded the 1914 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his work in otology. In 1916, he accepted an offer from Uppsala University, Sweden, and worked there for almost 20 years. He died shortly before his 60th birthday, in 1936.

RESUMO O austríaco Robert Bárány foi um cientista com muitos interesses. Este artigo destaca alguns desses interesses e também alguns traços pessoais. Bárány se inscreveu como cirurgião na Primeira Guerra Mundial, foi capturado pelos russos em 1915 e, ainda no campo de prisioneiros, recebeu o Prêmio Nobel de 1914 em Fisiologia ou Medicina por seu trabalho otológico. Em 1916 aceitou uma oferta da Universidade de Uppsala, na Suécia, onde trabalhou por quase vinte anos. Ele faleceu em 1936, pouco antes de seu sexagésimo aniversário.

Enfrentamiento práctico a patologías otorrinolaringológicas frecuentes durante el embarazo, una revisión de la literatura / Treatment of frequent otorhinolaryngological pathologies during pregnancy, a review of the literature

RESUMEN Durante el embarazo ocurren una serie de cambios, como edema y disminución de la actividad ciliar en la mucosa respiratoria alta, que pueden favorecer la aparición de síntomas y patologías del área otorrinolaringológica. La eficacia de los tratamientos farmacológicos en la rinitis del embarazo es pobre. El tratamiento de primera línea de la rinitis alérgica son los corticoides intranasales. Existe evidencia sobre la seguridad en el embarazo para furoato de fluticasona, mometasona y budesonida intranasal. El tratamiento del resfrio común está enfocado en el manejo sintomático, los antinflamatorios no esteroidales están contraindicados. En rinosinusitis aguda bacteriana la amoxicilina es de primera línea. En rinosinusitis crónica el manejo quirúrgico está reservado sólo para las complicaciones. Tanto la otitis media aguda como la amigdalitis aguda deben ser tratadas con antibióticos sólo si se sospecha origen bacteriano, el esquema de primera linea es amoxicilina y en caso de alergias se debe usar cefpodoxime o azitromicina. En caso de otorrea no existe evidencia sobre la seguridad de las gotas de antibióticos ótico durante el embarazo. Múltiples medicamentos utilizados habitualmente en otorrinolaringologia no pueden ser usados durante el embarazo. Se debe privilegiar la seguridad materno fetal, utilizando aquellos medicamentos con seguridad demostrada.

ABSTRACT During pregnancy a series of changes occur, such as edema and decreased ciliary activity in the upper respiratory mucosa, which may favor the appearance of symptoms and pathologies of the otorhinolaryngological area. The efficacy of pharmacological treatments in rhinitis of pregnancy is poor. The first-line treatment of allergic rhinitis is intranasal corticosteroids. There is evidence on safety in pregnancy for fluticasone furoate, mometasone and intranasal budesonide. The treatment of the common cold is focused on symptomatic management, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are contraindicated. In acute bacterial rhinosinusitis, amoxicillin is first-line. In chronic rhino-sinusitis in surgical management is reserved only for complications. Both acute otitis media and acute tonsillitis should be treated with antibiotics only if bacterial origin is suspected, the first-line treatment is amoxicillin, in the case of allergies, cefpodoxime or azithromycin should be used. In case of otorrhea there is no evidence on the safety of otic antibiotic drops during pregnancy. Conclusion: multiple medications commonly used in otorhinolaryngology cannot be used during pregnancy. Maternal and fetal safety should be privileged, using those medications with proven safety.

Estudio retrospectivo: tendencia diagnóstica y perfil epidemiológico en la consulta otoneurológica en pacientes pediátricos, Hospital Británico de Buenos Aires, 2013-2016 / Retrospective study: Diagnostic trend and epidemiological profile in neurootological consultations in pediatric patients, Hospital Británico de Buenos Aires, 2013-2016 / Estudo retrospectivo: tendência diagnóstica e perfil epidemiológico na consulta otoneurológica em pacientes pediátricos, Hospital Britânico de Buenos Aires, 2013-2016

Objetivo: los trastornos del equilibrio en la edad pediátrica muestran un desafío diagnóstico y terapéutico para pediatras y otorrinolaringólogos, dada la dificultad para la descripción de síntomas. En Latinoamérica son pocos los estudios sobre el perfil epidemiológico de los pacientes pediátricos valorados por trastornos del equilibrio. El presente trabajo pretende describir las tendencias en la presentación de patología vestibular en pacientes pediátricos valorados en los últimos tres años en el Hospital Británico de Buenos Aires. Metodología: estudio observacional, descriptivo, retrospectivo. Se revisaron las historias clínicas de menores de 16 años, quienes consultan por trastornos del equilibrio en el periodo 2013-2016. Resultados: el estudio mostró una media etaria de 9.07 años y se observa mayor número de consultas por pacientes del sexo femenino. Los principales síntomas de consulta fueron vértigo y mareo en mujeres y mareo en hombres. El principal diagnóstico en ambos sexos fue migraña vestibular. Tanto en hombres como en mujeres que tuvieron por síntoma de consulta vértigo, los diagnósticos finales fueron vértigo posicional paroxístico de la infancia y migraña vestibular. Conclusiones: en la población estudiada el síntoma que generó más consultas fue vértigo. Las consultas fueron en mayor número de niñas con una media de edad de 9.07 años para toda la población estudiada. El diagnóstico más frecuente tanto en niñas como en niños fue migraña vestibular.

Objective: Balance disorders in patients during pediatric ages are a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge for pediatricians and otorhinolaryngologists due to the difficulty of symptom description. In Latin America, there are few studies on the epidemiological profile of pediatric patients with balance disorders. The aim of this study is to describe the trends in vestibular pathology in pediatric patients seen over the last three years at Hospital Británico de Buenos Aires. Methodology: Observational, descriptive, retrospective study. We reviewed the medical history of patients under 16 who sought medical attention due to balance disorders from 2013 to 2016. Results: Study participants had a mean age of 9.07, of whom more patients were female. The main symptoms were vertigo and dizziness in girls and dizziness in boys. The main diagnosis for both girls and boys was vestibular migraine. For patients (both boys and girls) whose main symptom was vertigo, final diagnosis was infant paroxysmal positional vertigo and vestibular migraine. Conclusions: In the population studied, the symptom most commonly leading to seeking medical attention was vertigo. More girls sought medical attention than boys, and the mean age of the total population studied was 9.07. The most frequent diagnosis, both in girls and boys, was vestibular migraine.

Objetivo: os transtornos do equilíbrio na idade pediátrica mostram um desafio diagnóstico e terapêutico para os pediatras e otorrinolaringologistas, dada a dificuldade para a descrição de sintomas. Na América Latina são poucos os estudos sobre o perfil epidemiológico dos pacientes pediátricos valorados por transtornos do equilíbrio. O presente trabalho pretende descrever as tendências na apresentação de patologia vestibular nos pacientes pediátricos valorados nos últimos três anos no Hospital Britânico de Buenos Aires. Metodologia: estudo observacional, descritivo, retrospectivo. Se revisaram as histórias clínicas de menores de 16 anos, quem consultam por transtornos do equilíbrio no período 2013-2016. Resultados: o estudo mostrou uma média etária de 9.07 anos e se observa maior número de consultas por pacientes do sexo feminino. Os principais sintomas de consulta foram tontura e enjoo em mulheres e enjoo nos homens. O principal diagnóstico em ambos sexos foi a enxaqueca vestibular. Tanto nos homens quanto nas mulheres que tiveram por sintoma de consulta tontura, os diagnósticos finais foram tontura posicional paroxístico da infância e enxaqueca vestibular. Conclusões: na população estudada o sintoma que gerou mais consultas foi tontura. As consultas foram em maior número de meninas com uma idade média de 9.07 anos para toda a população estudada. O diagnóstico mais frequente tanto em meninas quanto em meninos foi enxaqueca vestibular.

Características epidemiológicas y comorbilidades asociadas en pacientes con migraña vestibular definida en Hospital Británico de Buenos Aires: 2014-2016 / Epideniologic characteristics and associated comorbidities in patients with vestibular migraine, Buenos Aires British Hospital: 2014-2016 / Aspectos epidemiológicos e comorbidades em pacientes com enaxaqueca vestibular no Hospital Británico de Buenos Aires:2014 - 2016

Introducción: la migraña vestibular definida es una de las causas más comunes de vértigo, así como el vértigo paroxístico benigno e hidrops endolinfático. Su prevalencia en la población general se ha estimado entre 1,1 a 3,2%. En Latinoamérica son pocos los estudios acerca de las características epidemiológicas y las comorbilidades adjuntas de los pacientes con diagnóstico de migraña vestibular. Este trabajo describe la correlación entre las características epidemiológicas y las comorbilidades adjuntas de los pacientes evaluados por migraña vestibular definida en el Hospital Británico de Buenos Aires en el periodo comprendido entre enero de 2014 y febrero de 2016. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo retrospectivo con revisión manual de historias clínicas de pacientes evaluados en la consulta de otorrinolaringología. Resultados: El estudio mostró que la edad media de los pacientes con migraña vestibular definida fue 44,4 años, observándose mayor número de consultas por pacientes del sexo femenino. Las comorbilidades no otoneurológicas más frecuentes encontradas en el sexo masculino fueron epilepsia y diabetes mellitus tipo II y en el sexo femenino depresión. La comorbilidad otoneurológica más frecuentemente encontrada tanto en el sexo masculino como femenino fue hidrops endolinfático. Conclusiones: En la población las consultas fueron en mayor número de mujeres con una edad media de 44,4 años. Las comorbilidades no otoneurológicas encontradas en hombres fueron epilepsia y diabetes mellitus tipo II y en mujeres depresión. La comorbilidad otoneurológica más encontrada tanto en hombres como en mujeres fue hidrops endolinfático.

Introduction: defined Migraine associated- vertigoisone of the most common etiologies of vertigo as peripheric benign vertigo and endolympatic hydrops are. Its prevalence on population is estimated between 1.1 to 3.2%. In Latin America there are few studies about epidemiologic characteristics and comorbidities of diagnosed patients with defined migraine associated vertigo. This work describes the relationship between the epidemiologic characteristics and the comorbidities of patients evaluated for defined migraine associated vertigo at Buenos Aires British Hospital since january 2014 to february 2016. Methods: An observational, descriptive and retrospective study was done. Clinical records of otolaryngology consult were reviewed. Results: This study showed a mean age of 44.4 years old for the patients of defined migraine associated vertigo, the majority of consults were done for female gender. The most common non – neurotological comorbidities found in male gender were epilepsy and diabetes mellitus type II and in female gender was depression. The most common neurotological condition found in female and male gender was endolympatic hydrops. Conclusions: The majority of consults were achieved by female population with a mean age of 44.4 years old. Non-neurotological comorbidities found in men were epilepsy and diabetes mellitus type II and in women depression. The most common neurotological comorbidity found in men and women was endolymphatic hydrops.

Introdução: a enxaqueca vestibular definitiva é uma das causas mais comuns de vertigem e vertigem paroxística benigna e hidropisia endolinfática. A sua prevalência na população em geral tem sido estimado entre 1,1 e 3,2%. Na América Latina existem poucos estudos sobre a epidemiologia e as co-morbidades que acompanham de pacientes com diagnóstico de enxaqueca vestibular. Este artigo descreve a correlação entre as características epidemiológicas e as co-morbidades que acompanham de pacientes avaliados para a enxaqueca vestibular definidos no Hospital Britânico de Buenos Aires no período compreendido entre Janeiro de 2014 e Fevereiro de 2016. Materiais e métodos: um estudo observacional retrospectivo com revisão manual dos prontuários de pacientes avaliados em consulta de otorrinolaringologia foi realizado. Resultados: O estudo mostrou que a idade média dos pacientes com enxaqueca vestibular definitiva foi de 44,4 anos, mostrando mais consultas por parte de pacientes do sexo feminino. As comorbidades mais freqüentes não otoneurológicas encontrados nos machos foram epilepsia e diabetes mellitus tipo II e depressão em mulheres. A comorbidade otoneurológico mais frequentemente encontrado em ambos os sexos masculino e feminino foi hidropisia endolinfática. Conclusões: na população nas consultas eram mais mulheres com uma idade média de 44,4 anos. Os homens não otoneurológicas comorbidades foram encontrados em epilepsia e diabetes mellitus tipo ii depressão e mulheres. Quanto mais comorbidade otoneurológico encontrados em homens e mulheres era de hidropisia endolinfática.

The survey of lateral skull base surgery / 复旦学报（医学版）

In clinics,lateral skull base comprises intradural cerebellopontine angle area,and the region of extradural temporal and infratemporal fossa.The modern lateral skull base surgery started from those two operations that were surgical removal of acoustic schwannoma via otological approach and the extirpation of glomus jugulare tumor through infratemporal fossa.The pioneers of these two classic surgeries were the otologists who developed the new field of otological surgery.Since then,the lateral skull base surgery has become a developed and academical platform of multiple related disciplines,such as neurosurgery,head-neck surgery and reconstructive surgery etc.The lateral skull base surgeries build upon the microsurgical techniques and innovative surgical approaches,which are available successfully to treat riskful disorders in the so-called inaccessible regions.Nevertheless,it is better to find the best equation between the preservation of skull base structures with their function and the vital safety during each decision of surgical strategy.Probably,minimal invasive surgery or precision treatments of the disorders in skull base would become a new horizon in the future.

Cortical activity in tinnitus patients and its modification by phonostimulation

OBJECTIVE: The goal of this study was to observe spontaneous cortical activity and cortical activity modulated by tinnitus-matched sound in tinnitus patients and healthy subjects with no otoneurologic symptoms. METHOD: Data were prospectively collected from 50 tinnitus patients and 25 healthy subjects. Cortical activity was recorded in all subjects with eyes closed and open and during photostimulation, hyperventilation and acoustic stimulation using 19-channel quantitative electroencephalography. The sound applied in the tinnitus patients was individually matched with the ability to mask or equal the tinnitus. The maximal and mean amplitude of the delta, theta, alpha and beta waves and the type and amount of the pathologic EEG patterns were noted during each recording. Differences in cortical localization and the influence of sound stimuli on spontaneous cortical activity were evaluated between the groups. RESULTS: The tinnitus group exhibited decreased delta activity and increased alpha and beta activity. Hyperventilation increased the intensity of the differences. The tinnitus patients had more sharp-slow waves and increased slow wave amplitude. Sound stimuli modified the EEG recordings; the delta and beta wave amplitudes were increased, whereas the alpha-1 wave amplitude was decreased. Acoustic stimulation only slightly affected the temporal region. CONCLUSION: Cortical activity in the tinnitus patients clearly differed from that in healthy subjects, i.e., tinnitus is not a “phantom” sign. The changes in cortical activity included decreased delta wave amplitudes, increased alpha-1, beta-1 and beta-h wave amplitudes and pathologic patterns. Cortical activity modifications occurred predominantly in the temporal region. Acoustic stimulation affected spontaneous cortical activity only in tinnitus patients, and although the applied sound was individually matched, the pathologic changes were only slightly improved. .