Evaluación y manejo del embarazo múltiple en el centro obstétrico del Hospital Carlos Andrade Marín 2012 - 2014 / Evaluation and handling of multiple pregnancy in the Obstetric Center of Carlos Andrade Marin Hospital 2012 ­ 2014

Introducción: el embarazo múltiple constituye una condición gestacional cada vez más frecuente. Materiales y métodos: es un estudio retrospectivo de fuente documentada, revisando los libros del Centro Obstétrico y los datos obtenidos de las Historias Clínicas, mediante el formato electrónico AS400. Resultados: se presenta el análisis de los últimos 3 años de evolución del Centro Obstétrico del Hospital Carlos Andrade Marín, en el cual se determina factores relacionados a este tipo de embarazo. Sorprende la alta tasa de embarazos múltiples en primigestas (82%), pero igualmente se encuentra que existe una buena planificación para su ingreso desde la Consulta Externa, consiguiendo disminuir significativamente la morbilidad. La edad gestacional y los pesos de los neonatos, son bastante satisfactorios, situación que permite concluir que la atención brindada a las pacientes y sus recién nacidos es óptima. Como siempre se acompañan patologías, como las contracciones prematuras y la preeclampsia, como las patologías predominantes. Conclusiones: el Centro Obstétrico del Hospital Carlos Andrade Marín, tiene un manejo preventivo y adecuado para el embarazo múltiple, disminuyendo en forma notable los riesgos maternos y perinatales.

Introduction: multiple pregnancy is an increasingly common gestational condition. Materials and methods: a retrospective study of documented sources, reviewing the logs of the Obstetric Center and the data obtained from clinical histories, using the electronic form AS400. Results: the analysis of the last three years of evolution of Obstetric Center of the Carlos Andrade Marín Hospital in which factors related to this type of pregnancy is determined is presented. Surprised by the high rate of multiple pregnancies in primiparous (82%), but also that there is good planning for income from the Outpatient, achieving significantly reduced morbidity. Gestational age and weights of infants are quite satisfactory, which concludes that the situation of care provided to patients and their newborns is optimal. As always, pathologies such as preterm labor and preeclampsia, as the prevailing conditions are attached. Conclusions: the Obstetric Center at the Carlos Andrade Marin Hospital has a prevention and adequate management of multiple pregnancies, dramatically reducing maternal and perinatal risks.

Uso de sustancias psicoactivas en el embarazo y conocimiento de los efectos sobre el feto en puérperas recientes / Prevalence of use of psychoactive substances in pregnancy and knowledge of the effects on the fetus postpartum

INTRODUCCIÓN: Hay escasos registros en Chile del conocimiento de las mujeres sobre el efecto del uso de sustancias psicoactivas (USP) y la posible abstinencia en el embarazo. El presente estudio exploró datos biodemográficos, prevalencia de consumo, y la relación entre el conocimiento que ellas tienen sobre el efecto de estas sustancias sobre el feto, la abstinencia y la salud mental. MÉTODO: Se aplicó un cuestionario a 264 puérperas, registrando el USP, los meses de embarazo de consumo, datos biodemográficos, medidas del recién nacido (RN) y un cuestionario GHQ-12. Se las entrevistó sobre el conocimiento que tenían de los efectos del USP sobre el feto. RESULTADOS: El cigarrillo fue la sustancia más utilizada (prevalencia de 11,3% de uso hasta el noveno mes). Los RN de fumadoras de más de 800 cigarrillos totales en el embarazo tuvieron un peso significativamente menor. Solo el consumo de alcohol fue menor entre quienes reconocían sus efectos sobre el feto (t-test = 2,126; p = 0,037). Solo se encontró diferencias en el GHQ-12 en las mujeres que habían consumido cocaína (total) antes del embarazo comparadas con el resto. Ninguna otra variable tuvo un impacto sobre el GHQ-12. DISCUSIÓN: El conocimiento sobre el efecto del USP sobre el feto no parece tener un gran impacto sobre la decisión de abstinencia. Es preocupante que esta carencia de asociación se dé sobre todo con los cigarrillos, que es la sustancia más consumida y la única que parece asociarse con un bajo peso del RN

BACKGROUND: There is a scarcity of records in Chile concerning pregnant women's knowledge of the effect of psychoactive substance use (PSU) and its impact on abstinence and on the neonate. The present work explored biodemographic data, prevalence of substance use, and the relationship between women's knowledge about effects on the foetus, abstinence and mental health.METHOD: 264 postpartum women were asked to fill a questionnaire recording PSU, biodemographic data, newborn outcome measures, and included the 12-item General Health Question-naire (GHQ-12). Interviews were conducted to determine the level of knowledge concerning the effects of psychoactive substances on the foetus. RESULTS: cigarettes were the most used substance (11.3% of prevalence at the 9th month). Newborns of smokers who smoked more than 800 cigarettes during pregnancy had a significant lower birth weight. Only alcohol use was reduced in women knowledgeable of its effects on the foetus (t-test = 2.126, p-value = 0.037). GHQ-12 results were different only amongst women that had used cocaine prior to the pregnancy. DISCUSSION: Knowledge of the effects of PSU on the foetus did not impact the decision to abstain from use. It is worrying that this lack of relationship was particularly notable for cigarettes, the most used substance, and the only substance associated with low birth weight.

Parto normal X parto cesáreo: análise epidemiológica em duas maternidades no sul do Brasil / Normal delivery X caesarian delivery: epidemilogic analysis in two maternities in the south of Brazil

Introdução: Os índices de cesariana vêm aumentando consideravelmente nos últimos anos, mesmo com o conhecimento prévio de que o parto normal é mais seguro, tanto para a mãe, quanto para o bebê. Métodos: Em um estudo retrospectivo, foram analisados 1.479 partos ocorridos na Maternidade da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Pelotas (SCMP) e 1.522 partos na Maternidade do Hospital São Francisco de Paula (HUFSP), no período de 01/01/2007 a 31/12/2007 e comparados com os dados obtidos em estudo anterior com o mesmo objetivo no período de 01/07/1993 a 30/06/1994. Resultados: Foi observado um incremento dos partos cesáreos nas duas instituições, com 41,1% dos partos da SCMP e 40,7% no HUSFP realizados por via alta. Houve similaridade com relação ao peso dos recém-nascidos de gestantes submetidas à via alta de parto, encontrando-se a maioria com peso entre 2.501g e 3.500g, o que foge ao preconizado pela indicação obstétrica que recomenda tal via em fetos macrossômicos diante do maior risco de desproporção cefalopélvica. Também foi observado que a maioria dos partos cesáreos foram realizados em mulheres entre 21 e 30 anos. Em comparação com os dados de 1994, observou-se que houve aumento na proporção de cesarianas em todas as categorias de peso do recém-nascido e idade materna, mas com maior prevalência nos fetos macrossômicos. Conclusão: Este estudo constatou uma incidência aumentada de partos cesáreos nas maternidades estudadas em relação ao preconizado pelo Ministério da Saúde (AU)

Introduction: The rates of caesarian surgeries have been increasing considerably in recent years, despite the awareness that normal delivery is safer both for the mother and for the infant. Methods: In a retrospective study, we evaluated 1,479 deliveries in the Santa Casa de Misericórdia of Pelotas, RS (SCMP) and 1,522 deliveries in the Hospital São Francisco de Paula, RS (HUFSP) from January 1, 2007 to December 31, 2007, which were compared to the data obtained in a previous study carried out for the same purpose from July 1, 1993 to June 30, 1994. Results: An increase in the number of caesarian sections was observed, accounting for 41.1% of the deliveries in the SCMP and for 40.7% in the HUSFP. There was similarity concerning birth weight of pregnant women submitted to caesarian sections, most of them weighing from 2,501g to 3,500g, which is out of the obstetrical recommendation of using such route for macrosomic fetuses because of the greater risk of cephalo-pelvic disproportion. Most of the caesarian deliveries were performed in women between 21 and 30 years of age. As compared to 1994 data, there was an increase in the percentage of caesarian sections in all categories of birth weight and maternal age, but with a greater prevalence in macrosomic fetuses. Conclusions: This study has found an increased incidence of caesarian surgeries in the studied hospitals as compared to what is recommended by the Ministry of Health (AU)

Analysis of Newborn′s Weight Investigation in Some Areas of Henan Province / 实用儿科临床杂志

Objective To investigate the full-term newborn′s weight in Zhengzhou city and nearby areas around Zhengzhou in Henan province.Methods Each group newborn′s weight was divided with sex and city.We studied the regularity of full-term newborn′s weight,and examined the cause of the newborn′s weight rising.Results The average newborn′s weight in Zhengzhou was (3449.06?453.97) g,which in nearby areas around Zhengzhou was (3352.07?429.91) g.The average newborn′s weight in Zhengzhou was 86.97 g higher than other cities (P