The expression and effect of DNA damage repair protein NBS1 in neonatal rats with bronchopulmonary dysplasia / 国际儿科学杂志

Objective:To investigate the dynamic expression of DNA damage repair protein Nijmegen breakage syndrome protein 1(NBS1) in the neonatal rats with bronchopulmonary dysplasia(BPD), and its influence on the development and progression of BPD.Methods:Newborn rats were randomly divided into the BPD model group( n=50) and the control group( n=50) within 12 h after birth.The inhaled oxygen concentration was 80%-85% in the model group, and the control group inhaled air.In the two groups, lung tissue samples were collected on days 1, 3, 7, 10 and 14, and isolated, purified and cultured alveolar epithelial type Ⅱ cells(AEC Ⅱ). We observed pulmonary morphological changes under light microscope and evaluated alveolar development degree by radiate alveolar counts(RAC). Immunohistochemistry and cell immunofluorescence were used to observe the localization and expression of NBS1.Western blot and real-time quantitative PCR were used to detect the expression level of NBS1. Results:Compared with the control group, the RAC value in the model group was decreased significantly from 7 d after birth(control group 7.58±1.24, model group 5.42±1.24, P<0.01). Immunohistochemistry showed that NBS1 protein was mainly located in the nucleus of alveolar epithelial cells.In the model group, NBS1 was mainly expressed in the nucleus on the 1st day.With the prolonged exposure time, the number of cytoplasmic staining cells increased and the expression in the nucleus decreased.Cell immunofluorescence farther showed that NBS1 protein was mainly located in the nucleus in AEC Ⅱ.Compared with the control group, cytoplasmic staining in model group was enhanced from 3 d, while nuclear staining was gradually weakened, and was mainly located in the cytoplasm at 14 d. Western blot results showed that the expression of NBS1 protein in the model group peaked at 1 d compared to the control group(control group 0.72±0.29, model group 1.28±0.22, P<0.01), and then gradually decreased, with lower expression at 14 d compared to the control group(control group 0.73±0.19, model group 0.49±0.11, P<0.05). Similarly, the mRNA expression level of NBS1 in the model group peaked at 1 d compared to the control group(control group 1.00±0.00, model group 1.18±0.06, P<0.01), and then gradually decreased, with lower expression at 14 d than that in the control group(control group 1.07±0.13, model group 0.76±0.11, P<0.05). Conclusion:In the neonatal rats with BPD, the down-regulation expression and nuclear enrichment disorder of NBS1 may affect the DNA damage response and be one of the mechanisms mediating the onset of oxidative stress damage in BPD.

Screening and quantitative estimation of factor VIII inhibitors by Nijmegen-Bethesda assay in hemophilia a patient of Southern Odisha, India

Background: The current treatment of haemophilia is replacement of factor VIII or IX which is effective till development of inhibitor against factors. There has been no study on factor VIII inhibitors in Southern Odisha using Nijmegen朆ethesda assay. This study was planned with objectives to screen factor VIII inhibitors in hemophilia-A patients, to do quantitative estimation of it using Nijmegen-Bethesda assay and to explore factors associated with development of inhibitors. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out from September 2016 to August 2018 in Department of pathology, MKCG medical college, Berhampur. Haemophilia-A patients coming to MKCG medical college and registered Haemophilia-A cases under Haemophilia society of Berhampur were included. Patients denying consent and having multiple clotting factors deficiencies were excluded. 1.8ml blood was collected. Mixing study was done to screen factor VIII inhibitors and then in positive cases inhibitors level measured by Nijmegen-Bethesda method. All data were analysed using SPSS (version 16.0).Results: 70 cases of Hemophilia-A patients were studied. Majority (50%) were with severe hemophilia-A. 7 patients developed inhibitors where 3 were high and 4 were low responders. Inhibitor level ranged from 0.8 to 64 Nijmegen-Bethesda units. Patients with severe hemophilia A, more than 10 transfusions and who switched to receive recombinant FVIII from other blood products developed inhibitors which were significant.Conclusions: Severity of hemophilia, increase frequency of transfusion and switching of blood products significantly increases chances of inhibitor development and hence intensive inhibitor screening is needed in these cases. Quantification of inhibitor is needed to monitor treatment and to manage bleeding episodes effectively.

Detección de inhibidor adquirido específico de factor VIII / Diagnosis of acquired inhibitor against factor VIII / Detecção de inibidor adquirido específico de fator VIII

El inhibidor adquirido contra el factor VIII o “hemofilia adquirida” (HA) es una patología autoinmune que suele presentarse como un sangrado súbito en pacientes sin coagulopatía previa. El diagnóstico de esta patología debe ser rápido, sobre todo en aquellos casos en que la presentación es una hemorragia que puede comprometer la vida del paciente. En esta actualización se analizan las pruebas globales y específicas utilizadas en su detección y los ensayos Bethesda y Nijmejen que permiten la cuantificación del inhibidor para monitorear el tratamiento. Es importante la función del laboratorio en el diagnóstico precoz de esta patología y para eso se debe conocer y pensar en su existencia cuando se presenta un paciente con sangrado, un aPTT prolongado que no corrige con plasma normal, un FVIII disminuido y pruebas de inhibidor lúpico negativo.

The acquired inhibitor against factor VIII or “acquired haemophilia” (HA) is an autoimmune disease that usually appears as a sudden bleeding in patients without previos coagulopathy. Diagnosis of this disease must be quick, particularly when the presentation is a bleeding event that compromises the patient’s life. In this update, global and specific tests used in the detection of FVIII inhibitor are described. Besides, Nijmejen and Bethesda assays are analyzed for the quantification of the inhibitor to monitor treatment. The role of the laboratory is important in early diagnosis of this disease so the presence of this rare but life threatening disease must be suspected when a patient shows haemorrhages, prolonged aPTT that does not correct with normal plasma, decreased FVIII and a negative lupus anticoagulant test.

O inibidor contra o fator VIII adquirido ou “hemofilia adquirida” (HA) é uma doença autoimune que geralmente se apresenta como um sangramento súbito em pacientes sem coagulopatia prévia. O diagnóstico da doença deve ser rápido, especialmente nos casos em que a apresentação é uma hemorragia, que pode comprometer a vida do paciente. Nesta atualização são analisadas as provas globais e específicas utilizadas em sua detecção e nos ensaios de Bethesda e Nijmejen que permitem a quantificação do inibidor para monitorizar o tratamento. É importante a função do laboratório no diagnóstico precoce dessa patologia e, para isso, se deve conhecer e pensar na sua existência quando se apresenta um paciente com sangramento, TTPA prolongado que não corrige com plasma normal, um FVIII diminuído e testes de inibidor lúpico negativo.

The Nijmegen Method of Case Deliberation and Clinical Decision in a Multicultural Society.

Abstract: The Nijmegen method of ethical case deliberation is one of the ways of reflecting, clarifying, evaluating and making decisions about moral problems, conflicts and dilemmas in the clinical settings. It is a hybrid concentration of relevant ideas from different normative ethical traditions applied to the clinical practices. As a team multidisciplinary based deliberation, the method involves a professional ethicist serving as both a critical tutor and a facilitator in the process of deliberating and arriving at most ethical decision in clinical dilemmas. In such process, the Nijmegen method is not a democratic replacement of the decision and responsibility of the healthcare team. Rather it helps to motivate rational decision and reasoned responsibility in healthcare through consensus building which does not attenuate moral uprightness. The Nijmegen method is part of the healthcare process and aims at improving communication among patient, family and the healthcare team as well as enriching the decision making process. It is a promising method in resolving moral dilemmas in healthcare especially in multicultural societies. Besides enhancing the quality and transparency of the decision making process, ethical case deliberation on the ward using the Nijmegen method has prospect of serving as a baseline in guiding through similar dilemmas in the future.

Síndrome de Nijmegen: una enfermedad genética a considerar en un paciente con microcefalia, retardo mental y lesiones de la piel / Nijmegen breakage syndrome

Se presenta el caso de un paciente masculino que a los 6 años de edad es derivado a Neurología Infantil para su estudio por presentar microcefalia y retardo mental. Tras ser evaluado por Inmunología y Genética se realiza en el Laboratorio de citogenética humana, programa de genética ICBM, Facultad de Medicina Universidad de Chile, PCR para deleción 657 del5 que confirma el diagnóstico de Nijmegen dando como resultado deleción nucleótido 5, mutación 657 del5, característico del Síndrome de Nijmegen. Actualmente el niño tiene 13 años y es tratado en el Servicio de Oncología infantil por el desarrollo de linfoma difuso de células grandes B, patología frecuente en este sindrome.

A case of a male patient at 6 years old was referred to child neurology for study due to microcephaly and mental retardation. After being evaluated for Immunology and Genetics Laboratory is performed in human cytogenetics, genetic program ICBM, Faculty of Medicine University of Chile, PCR for deletion 657 of the 5 that confirms the diagnosis of Nijmegen nucleotide deletion resulting in 5, 657 mutation del 5 Characteristic of the syndrome of Nijmegen. Currently the child is 13 and is treated at the Children’s Oncology Service in the development of lymphoma diffuse large B cell, common pathology in this syndrome.

Advance in relativity between NBS1 mutation and development of cancer / 国际儿科学杂志

Nijmegen breakage syndrome (NBS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder. Epidemiological data evidence that NBS1 gene can be considered a susceptibility factor for cancer development.So far nine mutations localized in coding sequence of the NBS1 gene have been found at the heterozygous state in cancer patients,the 6S7del5,511A→C (I171V), 643C→T(R215W) are the most frequently described. The review will focus on the symptoms of NBS characteristics, the recent advances of NBS1 gene producethe correlation between carriers of NBS1 gene frequent heterozygous mutations and the development of malignant tumours.