Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome – A case series with review of literature.

Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome (SSSS) is an acute dermatological illness which requires prompt treatment. It is a condition associated with widespread exfoliation of skin caused by Staphylococcus aureus (SA). The toxins elaborated by these gram positive microorganisms especially the exfoliative toxins A and B causes the SSSS. Literature review mentions that only 5% of SA produces these exfoliative toxins. The main route of spread of the toxins is by the hematogenous spread and the process results in extensive damage to the epidermis. This case series reports the SSSS in two children and highlights the significance of promptly diagnosing this serious pediatric dermatological illness.

Acantholysis revisited: Back to basics.

Acantholysis means loss of coherence between epidermal cells due to the breakdown of intercellular bridges. It is an important pathogenetic mechanism underlying various bullous disorders, particularly the pemphigus group, as well as many non-blistering disorders. Although a well-known concept, the student often has to refer to many sources to comprehend acantholysis completely. Thorough knowledge of this topic helps in clinching many diagnoses. The etiopathogenesis, classification, clinical signs, and laboratory demonstration of acantholysis are discussed in detail to help students build clear concepts. We have focused on various distinguishing points in different disorders for an easy grasp of the topic.

Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome in an Infant.

Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome is a bullous disease of the skin caused by toxins (exfoliatins) secreted by certain types of Staphylococcus aureus. These toxins may act as superantigens, stimulating the proliferation of T lymphocytes, with a massive release of cytokines and consequent epidermal damage. In neonates, the lesions are mostly found on the perineum or periumbilically, while the extremities are more commonly affected in older children. The disease begins with erythema and fever, followed by formation of large fluid filled bullae which quickly rupture on slightest pressure to leave extensive areas of denuded skin. We present a case of staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome in infant.