Metabolites from Cercospora lagenariae MT-45, an endophytic fungus isolated from Huperzia serrata / 中草药

Objective: To investigate the chemical metabolites from Cercospora lagenariae MT-45, an endophytic fungus isolated from Huperzia serrata (Thunb.) Trev. Methods: The compounds were isolated and purified by using silica gel column chromatography and semi-preparative liquid chromatography. The structures were established using physicochemical properties and MS and NMR. The anti-inflammatory activities of all the isolates were also preliminarily investigated by using in vitro model. Results: Nine polyketide derivatives including cercolagenlic acid A (1), alternariol (2), alternariol 9-methyl ether (3), (+)-nigrosporaol A (4), alternarienonic acid B (5), 2-methyl-5-carboxymethyl-7-hydroxychromone (6), 2,5-dimethyl-7-hydroxychromone (7), 1-deoxy- rubralactone (8), and (-)-alternarlactam (9) were isolated from C. lagenariae MT-45 fermented on brown rice solids. Conclusion: Compound 1 is a new compound, and compound 6 can exhibit a certain inhibition on the nitric oxide production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells with an IC50 value of (57.5 ± 1.2) μmol/L.

Phenolic Glycosides from the Aerial Part of Urena lobata / 中国药学杂志

OBJECTIVE: To study the phenolic glycosides of Urena lobata. METHODS: Compounds were isolated and purified using various column chromatographies such as D101 macroporous adsorption resin, silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, and preparation HPLC. Their structures were established using extensive spectroscopic techniques such as MS and NMR. The anti-inflammatory activities of all compounds were evaluated by using LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. RESULTS: Twelve phenolic glycosides were obtained from the n-BuOH extract of U. lobata including benzyl-7-O-α-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranoside (1), phenylethyl-8-O-α-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranoside (2), phenylethyl-8-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranoside (3), eugenyl-1-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranoside (4), 6-methoxyeugenyl-1-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranoside (5), 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzene-1-O-α-L-rhamnosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranoside (6), 4-O-(glycer-2-yl)-dihydroconiferylalcohol-1′-O-β-D-mannopyranoside (7), benzyl-7-O-β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranoside (8), 3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxyphenylethyl-8-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (9), 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzene-1-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (10), phenylethyl-8-O-β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranoside(11),and 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzene-1-O-β-D-apiofuranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranoside (12). CONCLUSION: Compounds 2-8 and 10-12 are obtained from the family Malvaceae for the first time, and compounds 3, 8, 9 and 11 show moderate inhibition of nitric oxide production in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells, with IC50values of(40.5±4.9 ), (31.9±4.6),( 37.7±3.3 ), and (36.1±4.6 )μmol•L-1, respectively.

Two new diphenyl ether derivatives from Penicillium chrysogenum MT-12, an endophytic fungus isolated from Huperzia serrata / 中草药

Objective To investigate the chemical constituents from Penicillium chrysogenum MT-12, an endophytic fungus isolated from Huperzia serrata. Methods The compounds were isolated and purified by using various column chromatographies including silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, and semi-preparative HPLC. The structures were established using extensive spectroscopic techniques such as IR, MS, and NMR. The anti-inflammatory and AChE inhibitory activities of all the isolates were also preliminarily investigated by using in vitro models. Results Eight diphenyl ether derivatives including penicichrysogenillide A (1), penicichrysogenillide B (2), talaromyone A (3), isopenicillide (4), penicillide (5), hydroxypenicillide (6), purpactin A (7), and penicichrysogenillide C (8) were isolated from the solid fermentation cultures of P. chrysogenum MT-12. Conclusion Compounds 1 and 2 are new compounds, and this is the first report for the isolation of compound 3 from Penicillium species and compounds 4-8 from P. chrysogenum. Compounds 1 and 2 exhibited inhibitory activities anginst the nitric oxide production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophage cells with IC50 value of (72.6 ± 2.3) μmol/L and (41.2 ± 1.4) μmol/L, respectively. In contrast, all the compounds didn't exhibit inhibitory activities on AChE at the concentration of 100 μmol/L.

Anti-nitric oxide production, anti-proliferation and antioxidant effects of the aqueous extract from Tithonia diversifolia

Objective: To determine the cytotoxicity, reduction in nitric oxide production and anti-oxidative activity of the aqueous leaf extract from Tithonia diversifolia (T. diversifolia) in an in vitro model. Methods: Leaves of T. diversifolia were collected from natural habitats and extracted with distilled water using the decoction method. The cytotoxic effect of the extract in terms of cell viability was determined using RAW264.7 cells and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) via the mitochondrial respiration method using the MTT reagent. The effect of the extract on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide pro-duction in RAW264.7 cells was measured using the Griess reagent. The chemical anti-oxidant was evaluated by ABTS-and DPPH-radical scavenging assays. Results: The half-maximal cytotoxic concentration values were 145.87 mg/mL and 73.67 mg/mL for human PBMCs and RAW264.7 cells, respectively. In the presence of phytohemagglutinin-M, the IC50 on PBMCs proliferation was 4.42 mg/mL. The non-cytotoxic range of the extracts inhibited LPS-induced nitrite production in RAW264.7 cells with an IC50 value of 11.63 mg/mL. To determine the anti-oxidative properties, the N-acetyl cysteine equivalent antioxidant capacity of the extract was (32.62 ± 1.87) and (20.99 ± 2.79) mg N-acetyl cysteine/g extract, respectively determined by the ABTS-radical and DPPH-radical assay. However, the extract did not confer death protection in a hydrogen peroxide-induced RAW264.7 co-culturing model. Conclusions: Our study demonstrated the immunomodulation caused by the aqueous leaf extract of T. diversifolia, resulting from the inhibition of phytohemagglutinin-M-induced PBMCs proliferation and LPS-induced nitric oxide production in RAW264.7 macrophages. Although the anti-oxidative activity was presented in the chemical-based anti-oxidant assay, the extract cannot protect cell death from stress conditions.

Anti-nitric oxide production, anti-proliferation and antioxidant effects of the aqueous extract from Tithonia diversifolia

Objective To determine the cytotoxicity, reduction in nitric oxide production and anti-oxidative activity of the aqueous leaf extract from Tithonia diversifolia (T. diversifolia) in an in vitro model. Methods Leaves of T. diversifolia were collected from natural habitats and extracted with distilled water using the decoction method. The cytotoxic effect of the extract in terms of cell viability was determined using RAW264.7 cells and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) via the mitochondrial respiration method using the MTT reagent. The effect of the extract on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide production in RAW264.7 cells was measured using the Griess reagent. The chemical antioxidant was evaluated by ABTS- and DPPH-radical scavenging assays. Results The half-maximal cytotoxic concentration values were 145.87 μg/mL and 73.67 μg/mL for human PBMCs and RAW264.7 cells, respectively. In the presence of phytohemagglutinin-M, the IC

Lipocortin 1 mediates the suppressive effects of dexamethasone on CoNinduced proliferative response and nitric oxide production in rat splenic leukocytes

Lipocortin 1 has been proposed as a putative mediator of anti-inflammatory actions of glucocorticoids. We investigated the role of lipocortin 1 in the effect of dexamethasone using rat splenic leukocytes. Concanavalin A(ConA; 1-microgram/ml) increased the leukocyte proliferation and nitric oxide(NO) generation, which were measured as (3H)-thymidine uptake by the cells and nitrite accumulation in the culture media, respectively. Dexamethasone suppressed CoNinduced cell proliferation, in a concentration-dependent manner with EC-50 around 50nM. The addition of anti-lipocortin 1 (Anti-LC1) reversed dexamethasone effects: 0.24, 1.2, 6 microgram/ml of Anti-LC1 reversed dexamethasone(50nM)-induced suppression of thymidine uptake by 9+/-3%, 16+/-3%, 36+/-5%, respectively; 0.24, 1.2, and 6-microgram/ml of Anti-LC1 reversed dexamethasone-induced decrease of nitrite concentration by 49 +/- 16%, 61 +/- 20%, 77 +/- 19 %, respectively. The present data indicate that lipocortin 1 mediates, at least in part, glucocorticoids-induced suppression of leukocyte proliferation and blockade of NO generation.