Tratamento expectante, tratamento expectante modificado e técnica ART: indicações, contraindicações, técnicas e relevância clínica / Expectant treatment, modified expectant treatment, and ART technique: indications, contraindications, techniques, and clinical relevance

Introdução: A doença cárie possui uma etiologia multifatorial que pode atingir toda a estrutura dentária. Em cavidades profundas, o tratamento expectante pode ser realizado com a finalidade de evitar danos à polpa. Já em lesões iniciais, a técnica ART é uma alternativa aceitável para o caso. Objetivo: Discutir sobre as indicações, contraindicações, técnicas e relevâncias clínicas do tratamento expectante (convencional e modificado) e da técnica restauradora atraumática (ART) no tratamento das lesões cariosas. Métodos: Foi realizada uma revisão da literatura de artigos científicos publicados nas bases de dados PubMED/Medline e Scielo, entre 2009 e 2020, e de livros considerados relevantes para este estudo. Resultados: No tratamento expectante, a remoção da dentina cariada é realizada em duas etapas: remoção da lesão cariosa de forma superficial, na primeira consulta, e remoção final após diferentes intervalos de tempo. No entanto, alguns autores defendem que não é necessária a realização da segunda etapa, basta apenas rebaixar o cimento de ionômero de vidro restaurador e, em seguida, realizar a restauração definitiva, técnica nomeada como tratamento expectante modificado. Com relação à técnica ART, o manejo da lesão é feito com a mínima intervenção possível, utilizando apenas instrumentos manuais. É confiável e bem aceita, principalmente na clínica de Odontopediatria. Ambas culminam em resultados terapêuticos favoráveis. Conclusão: Inicialmente, o dentista deve sempre realizar um diagnóstico minucioso das lesões de cárie, visando a máxima prevenção da estrutura dental. Devemos optar pelo tratamento restaurador convencional somente quando outros métodos não forem mais suficientes para interromper a progressão da lesão.

Introduction: Caries disease has a multifactorial etiology and can affect the entire tooth structure. In deep cavities, expectant treatment can avoid damage to the pulp. In early lesions, the ART technique is an acceptable alternative. Objective: To discuss indications, contraindications, techniques, and clinical relevance of the expectant treatment (conven-tional and modified) and the ART technique in the treatment of carious lesions. Methods: A literature review of scientific articles (published in PubMED/Medline and Scielo data-bases, between 2009 and 2020) and books considered relevant to this study. Results: In the expectant treatment, carious dentin is removed in two stages: a superficial removal of the carious lesion at the first visit, and a final removal after different time intervals. However, some authors argue that it is not necessary to perform the second step. Just lower the glass-ionomer cements and then perform the definitive restoration, a technique known as modified expectant treatment, is necessary. Regarding the ART technique, the management of the lesion is conducted with the least possible intervention, using only manual instruments. It is reliable and well accepted especially in the Pediatric Dentistry clinic. Both culminate in favorable therapeutic results. Conclusion: Initially, the dentist must always carry out a thorough diagnosis of caries lesions aiming at the maximum prevention of the dental structure. You should opt for conventional restorative treatment only when other methods are no longer sufficient to stop the progression of the lesion.

Analysis of Massive Transfusion for Trauma Patients and Non-Trauma Patients in a Tertiary Hospital / 대한수혈학회지

BACKGROUND: Management of patients with massive hemorrhage often requires the massive blood transfusions. However, few studies have investigated the effects of massive transfusions on non-traumatic patients. Therefore, this study analyzed mortality and descriptive data for patients receiving massive transfusion, including non-trauma patients and trauma patients. METHODS: We reviewed a retrospective audit of massive transfusions to investigate the major causes, patient characteristics, ratio of the blood components, and the mortality of massively transfused patients. The analysis was performed using electronic medical records collected from January 2010 to December 2013. Patients who had received a massive transfusion (≥10 units of RBCs within 24-hours) were categorized into trauma and non-trauma patients. We calculated the ratio of blood components and investigated the relationship between ratio and mortality. Descriptive statistics were used to characterize the patients and the indications. RESULTS: A total of 532 massive transfusions were performed, including 187 trauma and 345 non-trauma patients. The overall mortality rate was 32.0%, encompassing 36.4% of the trauma patients and 29.6% of the non-trauma patients. The mortality in trauma patients was significantly reduced (P<0.001) within the first 48-hours compared with that in non-trauma patients, which was due to the high FFP: RBC ratio transfusion. The annual FFP: RBC ratio in trauma patients showed an increasing trend. Non-trauma patients showed no relationship between mortality and procedure indication/blood component ratio. CONCLUSION: We report clinical data pertaining to massive transfusions. Annual increasing FFP: RBC ratio in trauma patients was associated with a decreasing mortality. Non-trauma patients showed heterogeneous characteristics and a lower FFP: RBC ratio than trauma patients.

Prediction of Massive Blood Transfusion at Emergency Department in Non-trauma Patients / 대한수혈학회지

BACKGROUND: Many patients received transfusion in emergency department because of blood loss. There are few studies on massive transfusion for non-traumatic patients. This study investigated mortality and risk factor for non-traumatic bleeding patients who received transfusion. METHODS: Non-trauma patients who received transfusion at the emergency department for 3 years from March 2009 to February 2011 were enrolled. The patients who are younger than 15 years, trauma patients, and transfused FFP or platelet alone are excluded. Medical records was investigated retrospectively. We investigated predictive factors for MT on non-trauma patients and predictive factors for mortality on MT patients. RESULTS: Among 1655 non-trauma patients, 150 patients (9.24%) received MT. The age of MT group was younger than that of non-MT group and systolic bloor pressure, diastolic blood pressure, mean arterial pressure were significantly lower. Base excess, pH, lactate levels were significantly different between MT and non-MT group. Intensive care unit length of stay was longer, mortality of 24 hours was higher and survival discharge was lower than non-MT group. Mortality rate of MT group was 20.7% which was significantly higher than non-MT group's 9.3%. FFP:RBC ratio was higher in MT group than non-MT group. Among the MT group, non-survival group used higher FFP:RBC ratio product than survival group. On multivariate analysis, sBP, MAP, lactate, pH, BE were significant as predictors of MT. CONCLUSION: For non-trauma patients in emergency department, if sBP, MAP, lactate, pH, BE are abnormal, massive transfusion could be expected. Like trauma patients, basic scoring system that can predict MT would be necessary and useful.

Non-trauma Mechanic Ventilation Treat Acute Respiratory Failure of Organophosphorus Pesticide Poisoning / 浙江中医药大学学报

[Objective]To understand non-trauma mechanic ventilation treating acute respiratory failure of organophosphorus pesticide poisoning and observe the effect.[Method]16 cases of organophosphorus poisoning together with respiratory failure were treated with non-trauma mechanic ventilation,then observed clinical effect and blood-gas changes.[Result]15 cases got safe and went out of hospital;1 was opened thachea and died from multi-organic failure.Average machine time was 7.8 hours,before going machine:PaO243.92?7.95mmHg,SaO280.6?5.9%;after ventilation,the disease was stable,the artery blood-gas:PaO283.65?4.72mmHg,SaO296.6?4.1%.There's marked difference between them,no complications happened in treatment.[Conclusion]Mechanic ventilation is a key link in saving severe respiratory failure caused by organophosphorus poisoning.Success or not is closely related with going-machine time,meanwhile,the energy-recovery agent must be used enough and reasonably to quickly reach atropine function,as well as to strengthen trachea nursing,by these can death rate be reduced effectively for severe organophosphorus poisoning.

A case of Non-Traumatic Myositis Ossificans in Quadriceps Femoris / 대한피부과학회지

Myositis ossificans is a rare benign ossifying lesion in skeletal muscles which is commonly seen after trauma. However, it has been reported that myositis ossificans can be developed without any history of trauma and surgery. A 37-year-old female presented with a painful progressive swelling in her right femoral area, with no history of trauma or other diseases, which had been developed for 2 weeks. Initial X-rays were normal. An incision biospy specimen showed a lesion of fibroblastic tissue in which areas of osteoid and trabecular bone tissue, which was compatible with the early stage of myositis ossificans. The mass was excised totally and no signs of recurrence have been noted until now.