ABSTRACT
Resumen La encefalitis por anticuerpos contra los receptores de N- Metil de aspartato (NMDA) está asociada con autoanticuerpos contra los heterómeros NR1/NR2 de los receptores de NMDA. Se presenta sobre todo en adultos jóvenes, con predominio en el sexo femenino, y buena respuesta al tratamiento. Su presentación clínica tiene manifestaciones neuropsiquiátricas, pasando por varias etapas hasta una recuperación gradual. Puede asociarse o no con la presencia de lesión tumoral Puede ser confundida fácilmente con encefalitis de tipo infecciosa por lo que es importante conocer su presentación clínica para un diagnóstico y tratamiento oportunos y así evitar mayor morbilidad y mortalidad. En este artículo se describe el caso de encefalitis autoinmune por anticuerpos contra los receptores NMDA en un hombre joven de 22 años de edad, ingresado en el Hospital Enrique Garcés de la ciudad de Quito- Ecuador y se hace una revisión de esta patología.
ABSTRACT Encephalitis caused by N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antibodies is associated with auto antibodies against the heteromeric NR1/NR2 units of NMDA receptors. This type of encephalitis occurs more commonly in young adults, most of them women, and shows a good response to known treatments. Clinical features include neuropsychiatric manifestations, advancing through a series of stages up to a gradual recovery. This type of encephalitis can be associated with the presence, or lack thereof, lesions caused by tumors. It can easily be mistaken with infectious encephalitis, therefore is important to recognize its clinical features for an appropriate diagnosis and treatment in order to prevent higher morbidity and mortality. In this article, I describe a case study of autoimmune encephalitis caused by NMDA receptor antibodies in a twenty-two year old man, admitted to the Enrique Garcés Hospital in Quito-Ecuador, and I make a literature review on this pathology.
ABSTRACT
Encephalitis that primarily involves limbic system structures such as the hippocampus and parahippocampal gyrus has been described in early papers, most commonly characterized by a subacute progressive impairment of short-term memory, psychiatric features and seizures. While these findings might be caused by viral infections or systemic autoimmune disorders, many patients with limbic encephalitis have an immune-mediated etiology (paraneoplastic or not) characterized with serum or CSF antineuronal antibodies. This case reports about non-paraneoplastic autoantibody-negative limbic encephalitis in which there are no detection of antigens and no evidence of tumors.