Morinda citrifolia (Noni) Juice Suppresses A549 Human Lung Cancer Cells via Inhibiting AKT/Nuclear Factor-κ B Signaling Pathway / 中国结合医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To study the mechanism of the anti-tumor effect of Morinda citrifolia (noni).@*METHODS@#The influences of noni juice on cell proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, migration and the activity of AKT/nuclear factor- κ B (NF- κ B) signaling pathway in A549 human lung cancer cells were detected by MTT, cell counting kit-8, colony formation, Annexin V/PI double labeling, transwell, scratch test and immunoblotting assay, respectively. A549 cells were inoculated into the right axilla of nude mice, followed by noni juice treatment. The body weight of the nude mice was weighed, and the tumor volume and weight were measured. Cell proliferation and expression of apoptosis-related proteins were measured by immunohistochemistry, and the activity of NF- κ B signaling pathway was measured by immunoblotting.@*RESULTS@#The in vitro studies showed that noni juice inhibited the A549 cells proliferation, migration and invasion. Noni juice also promoted cells apoptosis in A549 cells. Immunoblotting assay showed that the phosphorylation level of AKT, p50, and STAT3 proteins was inhibited to different extents after noni juice treatment. The in vivo studies showed that noni juice effectively suppressed tumor formation of A549 cells in nude mice. Noni juice treatment inhibited the expression of Ki67, PCNA, and Bcl-2 protein in the tumor; while promoted the expression of caspase-3 protein. Additionally, we also found that noni juice treatment could restrain the activity of AKT/NF- κ B signaling pathway in the tumor tissue.@*CONCLUSION@#Noni juice inhibited the proliferation of A549 lung cancer cells, induced apoptosis, and inhibited cell invasion and migration via regulating AKT/NF- κ B signaling pathway.

Chemical constituents from fermented Noni juice / 中国中药杂志

The present work was launched to study the chemical constituents from fermented Noni juice. Ten compounds were isolated by using silicagel,Sephadex LH-20 and pre-HPLC. The structures of these compounds were identified by 1D and 2D NMR. Their structures were established as norimester( 1),cyclo( R-Pro-S-Phe)( 2),cyclo-( L-Pro-L-Leu)( 3),trans-cyclo-( D-tryptophanyl-Ltyrosyl)( 4),cyclo( L-Trp-N-methyl-L-Ala-)( 5),4-allyl-2-hydroxyphenyl 1-O-β-D-apiosyl-( 1 → 6)-β-D-glucopyranoside( 6),2-methoxy-4-vinylphenyl β-D-apiofuranosyl-( 1→6)-β-D-glucopyranoside( 7),( +)-lirioresinol A( 8),( ±)-syringaresinol( 9),and2-formyl-1 H-pyrrole-1-butanoic acid( 10). All compounds were tested for their antibacterial activity and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. Compound 1 was a new compound. All compounds were isolated from fermented Noni juice for the first time. Compound 1 showed significant inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase [IC50 value of( 4. 22±0. 03) μmol·L-1].

The Effects of Noni (Morinda citrifolia L.) Fruit Juice on Cholesterol Levels: A Mechanistic Investigation and an Open Label Pilot Study.

The traditional usage of noni fruit did not include any claims for lowering cholesterol levels in humans. However, recently a commercial noni fruit juice blend, Tahitian Noni Original® Bioactive (TNOB),was shown in a double blind, and placebo control clinical trial to significantly lower cholesterol levels in current smokers. But, its effect on cholesterol levels of nonsmokers with normal cholesterol levels, and its mechanisms of action, has not been fully elucidated. The current study evaluates the effects of various noni preparations (TNOB, NFJC (noni fruit juice concentrates), NFJME (noni fruit juice methanol extract)) on HMG-CoA Reductase and ACAThepatic/intestine enzymes in vitro. Further, TNOB was evaluated for its potential cholesterol-lowering effects in 10 non-smoking subjects with normal to mild cholesterol levels. TNOB and NFJC both inhibited HMG-CoA Reductase, and ACAT enzymes concentration-dependently in-vitro, and NFJC has a <1.0 mg/mL IC50 on HMG-CoA Reductase enzymes. NFJME, the active fraction from the noni fruit juice, in 100μg/mL, inhibited HMG-CoA reductase by 81%. TNOB showed a trend towards lowering total cholesterol and LDL levels while increasing HDL levels in nonsmokers. Noni fruit juice has the potential to lower cholesterol levels in nonsmokers perhaps via its inhibitory effects on HMGCoA reductase and ACAT enzymes as its possible mechanism of action. However, a larger clinical trial is warranted to assess its effects in non-smokers with higher cholesterol levels above 220 mg/dL to evaluate the nature of this cholesterol-lowering trend seen in this pilot study.

Efecto del zumo de Morinda citrifolia L (noni) en modelos de analgesia / Effect of Morinda citrifolia L. (noni) in analgesic models

Introducción: Morinda citrifolia L (noni) ha despertado gran interés y expectativa dentro de la población cubana debido a las propiedades medicinales que se le atribuyen. Investigaciones realizadas evidencian las propiedades analgésicas de algunas de sus partes. Objetivos: evaluar el efecto del zumo de noni en diferentes modelos de analgesia. Métodos: se utilizaron dosis (450, 900 y 1 800 mg/kg) del zumo de noni, a partir de contenido en peso seco; se administró por vía intraperitoneal a ratones OF1 en el modelo de irritación peritoneal por ácido acético 0,6 por ciento y se cuantificó el número de contorsiones o estiramientos. Además, se utilizó el modelo del plato caliente y el de la retirada de la cola. Resultados: el zumo de noni fue efectivo de manera dependiente de la dosis en reducir el número de contorsiones inducidas por el ácido acético. En los modelos del plato caliente y de retirada de la cola, solo la dosis más alta prolongó de manera estadísticamente significativa el tiempo de reacción. Conclusiones: los resultados sugieren que el efecto analgésico de noni es fundamentalmente de mecanismo periférico

Introduction: Morinda citrifolia L (noni) has aroused great interest and expectations in the Cuban population due to attributed medicinal properties. Several research works have suggested the analgesic effect of several parts of the plant. Objectives: to evaluate the effect of Noni juice in different analgesic models. Methods: there were used 450, 900, and 1 800 mg/kg doses of the juice, based on the dry content weight. They were administered intraperitonealy to adult male mice OF1 in the peritoneal irritation model induced by acetic acid at 0,6 percent concentration, and the number of contorsions or stretchings was quantified. Additionally, the hot plate and the tail immersed in hot water models were applied. Results: the noni juice was effective in reducing the number of contortions induced by the acetic acid in a dose-dependent manner. Just the highest dose of the juice increased significantly the time of reaction in the hot plate and in the tail immersion test. Conclusions: these results suggest that the analgesic effect of Noni juice is basically peripheral

Total polyphenol content and antioxidant activity of commercial Noni (Morinda citrifolia L) juice and its components

The plant Morinda citrifolia L. (noni) has been the focus of many recent studies due to its potential effects on treatment and prevention of several diseases. However, there are few in vivo and in vitro studies concerning its composition and antioxidant capacity. The aim of the present study was to determine the total polyphenol content (TPC) and antioxidant capacity of a juice commercialized as noni juice, but containing grape, blueberry and noni fruits. Commercial noni juice was compared against its separate constituents of blueberry and grape juice. Folin-Ciocalteu and DPPH• methods were used to determine the concentration of total polyphenol content and antioxidant activity, respectively. Commercial noni juice presented higher values of TPC (91.90 mg of gallic acid/100 mL juice) and antioxidant activity (5.85 mmol/L) compared to its 5% diluted constituents. Concentrated blueberry juice presented higher TPC and antioxidant activity than the other juices analyzed. Considering that the blueberry and grape juices account for only 10% in the composition of commercial noni juice, it can be inferred that these two components contribute significantly to the antioxidant activity. Therefore, additional studies are necessary in order to elucidate the contribution of the noni juice as an antioxidant.

A planta Morinda citrifolia L. tem sido objeto de muitas pesquisas decorrente de seus efeitos benéficos no tratamento e prevenção de muitas doenças. No entanto, são escassos os estudos in vivo e in vitro sobre os compostos presentes e sua capacidade de atuar como antioxidante. Objetivou-se com este trabalho determinar o índice de polifenóis totais (IPT) e a capacidade antioxidante do suco de noni comercial, constituído de uva, mirtilo e a fruta do noni. O suco de noni comercial foi comparado com seus constituintes (mirtilo e suco de uva) separadamente. Os métodos Folin-Ciocalteu e DPPH• foram utilizados para determinar a concentração de polifenóis totais e capacidade antioxidante, respectivamente. O suco de noni apresentou valores superiores de IPT (91,90 mg ácido gálico/100 mL de suco) e atividade antioxidante (5,85 mmol/L) quando comparado aos seus constituintes diluídos a 5%. O suco de mirtilo, na sua forma concentrada, apresentou IPT e atividade antioxidante superior aos demais sucos. Considerando que os sucos de mirtilo e de uva representam apenas 10% na composição do suco de noni, pode-se inferir que estes dois constituintes contribuem de forma significativa para a atividade antioxidante. Assim, estudos adicionais são necessários para elucidar a contribuição do suco de noni como sequestrador de radicais livres.