Cytological spectrum of diseases in goiter in Kadapa, a semiurban city in southern part of India – A 2-year retrospective study

Background: Thyroid gland produces thyroid hormone, thyroxine. Goiter is an indefinite term applied to the enlargement of thyroid gland. The normal thyroid gland in non-goitrous state weighs 25–35 g. Thyroid gland disorders are common endocrine disorders in the world. Aims and Objectives: This is a retrospective study done to know the age and gender distribution of goiter and various pathological conditions in goiter. This study showed that the incidence is common in 3rd–5th decade of life and nodular and colloid goiter are the common causes of goiter followed by follicular adenoma and papillary carcinoma. Materials and Methods: The data were collected from cytology registers of Pathology Department of FIMS Hospital, Image Diagnostics and Seetha Diagnostics, Kadapa, during the 2-year period from January 2021 to December 2022. The data collected as above were systematically analyzed and reviewed for age and sex distribution, clinical presentation, and cytological diagnosis. Results: Majority of the patients were female accounting for 324 cases (94.18%) and 20 patients (5.81%) were male. The maximum incidence is in young females between 31 and 40 years age group (24.70%) followed by 41–50 years age group (23.83%) and then in 21–30 years age group (22.38%). All together, the overall maximum incidence is seen in females between 21 and 50 years age group (70.91%). The most common pathological disease is nodular goiter followed by colloid nodule, both being iodine deficiency goiters. Conclusion: The study showed the thyroid disorders are more common in females. The non-neoplastic lesions constitute the predominant cause for goiter followed by benign neoplasms and then malignant neoplasms.

Advances in diagnosis and treatment of non-neoplastic Epstein-Barr virus infection-related diseases in children / 国际儿科学杂志

The infection rate of Epstein-Barr virus(EBV)in the population is as high as 95%.It is the first carcinogenic virus found by human beings.Children infected with EBV often cause non-neoplastic diseases, including infectious mononucleosis, chronic active EBV infection and hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis.Most of the diseases related to non-neoplastic EBV infection in children are self-limited diseases, and a few of them are complicated with serious complications or develop into neoplastic diseases.The pathogenesis of this kind of disease is complex, the condition is varied, and some children with gene defects have a poor prognosis.Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation(allo-HSCT)is an effective treatment for refractory children.At the same time, the condition of some critically ill children is progressing rapidly, so it is very important to create the opportunity of allo-HSCT for such children.

Histomorphological Analysis of Nephrectomy Specimens: Experience at a Tertiary Care Institute

Introduction: For a range of kidney abnormalities, including both neoplastic and nonneoplastic disorders, nephrectomy is a popular surgical treatment. We conducted this study to examine the range of lesions found in the nephrectomy specimens obtained and to ascertain the distribution of these lesions by age and sex. MaterialsandMethods: This study was conducted in the department of pathology, from 2017 to 2022. All nephrectomy specimens received during 5 years were included. Results: The spectrum of renal lesions observed in the study included both neoplastic (43.75%) and nonneoplastic (56.25%) conditions. Nineteen patients were males (59.37%) and 13 were females (40.62%) (M: F = 1.4:1). The most common entity in the nonneoplastic category was chronicpyelonephritis (n = 9, 28.12%). In our study, we documented two unusual cases of renal replacement lipomatosis (RRL), a type of pseudotumor related to nonfunctioning kidneys. Fourteen patients underwent nephrectomy for neoplastic conditions such as Wilm’stumor and renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Conclusion: Nephrectomy for the nonneoplastic condition was performed more frequentlyin our series. Histopathological evaluation of nonneoplastic nephrectomy specimens must be thoroughly considered, particularly in unusual circumstances such as RRL, where a preoperative erroneous initial impression of a malignant lesion such as angiomyolipoma or liposarcoma is possible.

Role of FNAC in the diagnosis of salivary gland lesions - A tertiary care hospital experience

Introduction: Swelling of salivary glands, specifically parotid and submandibular gland presents as a common problem and being readily visible creates havoc among patients. In addition parotid/ submandibular swellings also remain a diagnostic challenge among clinicians. The aim of this study was to examine the sensitivity and specificity of Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) as a tool for diagnosis of salivary gland lesions. Materials and Methods: This prospective observational study was done for 6 months from January 2022 to June 2022 at Dhiraj General Hospital, SBKSMI and RC, Waghodia, Gujarat. In present study, total 42 cases were taken with salivary gland lesions that underwent FNAC in Pathology department. Results: In the present study, we had included 42 cases of salivary gland lesions. Out of 42cases, 12 (28.5%) cases were neoplastic and 30 (71.5%) cases were non-neoplastic. Among 12 neoplastic cases, 8 (67%) cases were found out to be benign and 4(33%) cases were diagnosed as malignant. Among malignant lesions, mucoepidermoid carcinoma has the highest number of cases (50%) followed by Carcinoma-ex pleomorphic adenoma and Adenoid cystic carcinoma. Conclusion: We found a good concordance between FNAC and final histology. Awareness of the therapeutic implications and limitations of the cytological interpretation amongst both the clinicians and the cytopathologists should enable FNAC to its best advantage.

Prevalence of precursor lesions (P53 signature, SCOUT, STIL, STIC) in fallopian tubes resected for non-neoplastic causes

Background: High-grade pelvic serous carcinoma is a common cause of death in women worldwide and India. Recent evidence has clearly implicated the changes in the mucosa of the fimbrial end of the fallopian tube in its pathogenesis. Objective: 1) To study histopathology features of surgically resected specimens of fallopian tubes received with non-neoplastic lesions of the uterus and ovary for the presence of any precursor lesions [secretory cell outgrowth (SCOUT), serous tubal intraepithelial lesion (STIL), p53 signatures, and serous tubal intraepithelial carcinoma (STIC)]. 2) To confirm the findings with immunohistochemistry. 3) To correlate the prevalence of precursor lesions with clinical parameters and benign lesions of the uterus and ovaries. Materials and Methods: Assessment of histopathological changes in 100 specimens of distal fallopian tubes was done using the sectioning and extensive examination of the fimbrial end (SEE-FIM) protocol. H and E stain followed by immunohistochemistry for Bcl-2, p53, and Ki-67. The statistical significance of the difference in the mean values of precursor areas was evaluated by an unpaired t-test. Results: Among 100 specimens taken on H and E, precursor lesions were suspected in 49% of the cases. SCOUT, suspicious for STIC, suspicious for STIC with areas of SCOUT, and unequivocal for STIC with areas of SCOUT were seen in 8%, 4%, 33%, and 4% of the cases, respectively. However, on IHC, SCOUTS were confirmed in 45% of the cases, p53 signature in 2%, STIL in 9%, and STIC in 4% of the cases. Conclusion: Sectioning and extensive examination of the fimbrial end (SEE-FIM) should be routinely done as it provides the opportunity to detect the early malignant changes. It may help in evolving the strategies for early detection, management, and reducing mortality.

HISTOPATHOLOGICAL STUDY OF THYROID LESIONS

Background:Thyroid lesions are fairly common worldwide and are commonly encountered in clinical practice. Theincidence of various thyroid disorders shows a striking variation; both, on a national and regional basis. Thyroidgland can be affected by a wide spectrum of diseases ranging from functional and immunologically mediatedenlargement to neoplastic lesions.Objective:This study was carried out to estimate the frequency of thyroid lesions with respect to histopathological typesand to correlate thyroid lesions with demographic data and clinical features.Materials and Methods:This study included all types of thyroid specimens received in the department of Pathology; AMC METMedical College, Ahmedabad from June 2019 to December 2020.Results:Among the total 40 cases of thyroid lesions studied, the non-neoplastic lesions accounted for 26 cases (65%)and the neoplastic lesions constituted 14 cases (35%). The most common non-neoplastic lesion wasmultinodular /adenomatoid goiter (50%), followed by Hashimoto thyroiditis (7.5%), thyroglossal duct cyst(5%) and diffuse hyperplasia (2.5%). The most common benign neoplasm was Follicular adenoma (7.5%) andthe most common malignant neoplasm was papillary carcinoma (17.5%). Two cases (5%) of Non-invasivefollicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features (NIFTP) of low / unknown malignant potentialwere reported.Conclusion:Histopathological examination of thyroid lesions provides definite diagnosis; which is mandatory for furthermanagement of patient.

Research progress of autoimmune retinopathy / 中华实验眼科杂志

Autoimmune retinopathy (AIR) is a rare immune retinopathy characterized by decreased visual acuity, scotoma, visual field defect, and photoreceptor dysfunction.AIR is divided into paraneoplastic AIR (pAIR) and non-neoplastic AIR (npAIR). pAIR is further divided into cancer-associated retinopathy (CAR), melanoma-associated retinopathy (MAR), and bilateral diffuse uveal melanocytic proliferation (BDUMP). Circulating anti-retinal antibodies often exist in peripheral blood of patients with various types of AIR, accompanied by electroretinogram abnormalities, but no significant abnormality in fundus examination (except BDUMP). A variety of anti-retinal antibodies such as anti-recoverin protein antibody and anti-α-enolase antibody have been identified in the serum of AIR patients.However, anti-retinal antibodies can also be negative in some AIR patients' serum.At present, the diagnostic criteria and laboratory examination criteria for AIR are not uniform, and there are large differences in clinical examination performance among patients, which may lead to misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis.Therefore, a thorough examination is required to rule out other possible causes before making a speculative diagnosis.So far, the treatments for different types of AIR are not unified.Most clinicians choose a combination of various immunomodulatory therapies, including systemic or topical application of corticosteroids, intravenous immunoglobulin, plasmapheresis, and the use of antimetabolites or anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody.The clinical characteristics of different AIR types, serum anti-retinal autoantibodies detection, differential diagnosis and treatment prognosis of AIR were reviewed in this article to improve the understanding of clinicians and researchers toward the disease, and to achieve early diagnosis and early treatment of AIR.

Retrospective Analysis of Pathological Diagnosis of Central Nervous System Diseases in Tibet / 中国医学科学院学报

Objective To analyze the disease spectrum and clinicopathological characteristics of central nervous system(CNS)diseases diagnosed based on pathological findings in Tibet. Methods We collected the data of all the cases with CNS lesions in Tibet Autonomous Region People's Hospital from January 2013 to December 2020.The clinicopathological features were analyzed via light microscopy,immunohistochemical staining,and special staining. Results A total of 383 CNS cases confirmed by pathological diagnosis were enrolled in this study,with a male-to-female ratio of 188∶195 and an average age of(40.03±17.39)years(0-74 years).Among them,127(33.2%)cases had non-neoplastic diseases,with a male-to-female ratio of 82∶45 and an average age of(31.99±19.29)years;256(66.8%)cases had neoplastic diseases,with a male-to-female ratio of 106∶150 and an average age of(44.01±14.87)years.The main non-neoplastic diseases were nervous system infectious diseases,cerebral vascular diseases,meningocele,cerebral cyst,and brain trauma.Among the infectious diseases,brain abscess,granulomatous inflammation,cysticercosis,and hydatidosis were common.The main neoplastic diseases included meningioma,pituitary adenoma,neuroepithelial tumor,schwannoma,metastatic tumor,and hemangioblastoma.The meningioma cases consisted of 95.4%(103/108)cases of grade Ⅰ,3.7%(4/108)cases of grade Ⅱ,and only 1(1/108,0.9%)case of grade Ⅲ.Among the neuroepithelial tumor cases,the top three were glioblastoma,grade Ⅲ diffuse glioma,and ependymoma. Conclusions There are diverse CNS diseases confirmed by pathological diagnosis in Tibet,among which non-neoplastic diseases account for 1/3 of all the cases.Infectious and vascular diseases are the most common non-neoplastic diseases in Tibet,and tuberculosis and parasitic infections are relatively common.The types and proportion of brain tumors in Tibet are different from those in other regions of China,and meningioma is the most common in Tibet,with higher proportion than neuroepithelial tumor.

HISTOLOGICAL SPECTRUM OF NON-NEOPLASTIC LESIONS IN THE LUNG-A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY DONE ON LOBECTOMY SPECIMENS

To study the histolopathological spectrum of non-neoplastic lesions of lung and to evaluate in relation to age, gender and clinico-radiological findings. This study is done over a period of 1 year (Nov 2020 to Nov 2021) in the Department of Pathology, LNMC, Bhopal. Total of 33 lobectomy specimens were studied. Specimens were fixed in formalin and paraffin embedded H&E-stained tissue sections were studied. Special stains (Gomorri's methenamine silver stain and Periodic acid Schiff stain) were done where ever required. Non-neoplastic lesions from 3 (9.09%) women and 30 (90.90%) men, with a median age of 43.86 (Interquartile range: 23-60 years) were collected. Fibrotic interstitial changes comprised the most common category of histologic findings, noted in 20 (60.6%) patients. Most cases consisted of usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) (30.30%), followed by smoking related interstitial fibrosis/SRIF (desquamative interstitial pneumonia like patterns and respiratory bronchiolitis like pattern) (12.12%), non-specific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP) (9.09%) and patterns of “undefined” fibrosis (6.06%) such as peribronchial fibrosis, organizing pneumonias and other patterns of fibrosis that did not fall into a recognized category of idiopathic interstitial pneumonia. Granulomatous pathology was identified in 4 (10.81%) patients. On chest X-ray/CT scan chest, majority of lung lesions presented as diffuse and patchy opacities with honeycombing and bronchiectasis. Cigarette smoking was associated with 4 lung lesions. Histopathologic classification plays an important role in separating variable forms of non-neoplastic lung lesions & further subcategorising idiopathic interstitial pneumonia into clinically meaningful categories have important differences in natural history, prognosis, and treatment

Histopathological Evaluation of Solitary Nodules of Thyroid

Introduction: Solitary Thyroid nodules (STNs) can be ofboth non-neoplastic or neoplastic in nature and it is difficultto assess whether an STN is neoplastic or non-neoplasticby clinical examination alone. Imaging technique mayhelp in differentiating them preoperatively but histologicalexamination offers the final diagnosis. This study was aimedat studying the incidence rates of various types of STNs as itvaries from one geographical area to another.Material and methods: A total of 58 cases of STNsreceived over the period of 18 months were studied andhistopathological features were analysed.Results: In this study, non-neoplastic STNs were 32 (55.17%)and neoplastic were 26 (44.82%), the former being morecommon. There was a female preponderance in both nonneoplastic and neoplastic STNs with an incidence of 90.62%and 84.61% respectively. Mean age of presentation of STNswas 42.09 years. Non-neoplastic lesions of thyroid were; 18cases of colloid nodules, 10 cases of hyperplastic nodulargoitre, 04 cases of Hashimoto Thyroiditis and the neoplasticlesions were; 05 cases of follicular adenoma, 11 cases oftypical/conventional papillary carcinoma of thyroid (PTC),6 cases of papillary carcinoma thyroid variants, 01 case offollicular carcinoma 01 case of Undifferentiated carcinoma,01 case of Squamous cell carcinoma and 01 case of medullarycarcinoma.Conclusion: STNs are not so uncommon and comprise of agamut of both non-neoplastic and neoplastic lesions. Colloidnodule and PTC are the most common of non-neoplastic andneoplastic STNs respectively.

Study of diagnostic importance of fine needle aspiration cytology in various body lesions in a predominantly rural mountainous region of Jammu and Kashmir, G.M.C Doda, India

Background: Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) is a procedure of choice as the first line of investigation in diagnosing non-neoplastic and neoplastic swellings of different areas as it has been found to be highly accurate and very useful, cost effective, offer early diagnosis after presentation and  treatment. In this present study in Department of pathology, data was collected and scrutinized. Cytology of various sites including breast, head and neck, salivary glands, thyroid, lymph nodes, etc. was done.Methods: FNAC is performed with the help of 21-22-gauge needle attached with 20 ml syringe by taking all aseptic precautions. Total of 70 cases were collected over a period of 4 months from April 2019 to July 2019.Results: Out of total 70 samples maximum number of cases were found in 21-30 years of age (16 cases); Males were 34(49%) and females were 36(51%) in number. 38 cases (54%) were non-neoplastic ,23 cases (33%) were neoplastic and in 9 cases (13%) no opinion was made. This study included 70 cytologically diagnosed cases. Out of which 38 cases (54%) were non-neoplastic, 23 cases (33%) neoplastic and in 9 cases (13%) no possible opinion could be made due to a number of factors like: Material not corresponding of representative area, small size of lesion, wrong technique, cystic areas, hemorrhage and necrosis and small foci of neoplastic lesion.Conclusions: Even though a number of limitations, FNAC has high accuracy in diagnosing benign and malignant lesions of various sites and thus reduces the period between presentation of tumours and their diagnosis which results in early management.

Study of correlation between the cytological and histopathological findings of non-neoplastic and neoplastic breast lesion

Background: Study of correlation between the cytology and histopathological ndings of nonneoplastic and neoplastic breast lesion.Method : The present prospective observational study was conducated in jlnmc for a period of 6 months from 15th April to 14th Sept. we had studied 100 cases and specimens were received in histopathological section of our department.Gross examination of speciemens did followed by xation ,proper sampling and tissue processing.Result: Total 100 cases were studied of which 38 cases were nonneoplastic, 36 cases were benign neoplastic lesion,5 cases borderline and 21 cases were malignant.Over all broadenoma was most common benign lesion with 18 cases. Invasive ductal carcinoma nos were most common malignant lesion followed by lobular carcinoma.malignant phylloid was the most common nonepithelial malignancy.Conclusion: Histology remains gold standard for diagnosis of breast lesion

A Study of Histopathological Spectrum of Thyroid Lesions

Introduction: Thyroid lesions are fairly common worldwide and are commonly encountered in clinical practice. Thyroid lesionsmay be developmental, inflammatory, hyperplastic, and neoplastic.Aim: This study aims to study the spectrum of various lesions of the thyroid and various histopathological patterns of thyroidlesions.Materials and Methods: In this retrospective observational study, a total of 100 thyroid tissue specimens were examined.Relevant clinical information such as patient age, gender, and clinical presentation and other information such as fine-needleaspiration cytology, ultrasound, and surgical findings were obtained.Results: Non-neoplastic lesions accounted for 84 cases (84%) and neoplastic lesions constituted 16%. The most commonnon-neoplastic lesion was multinodular goiter (MNG) (43%), followed by colloid goiter (29%), Hashimoto thyroiditis (9%), andthyroglossal duct cyst (3%).Conclusion: In our study, thyroid diseases showed definite female predominance, with most of them occurring in an age groupof 31–40 years. MNG is the most common disease occurring clinically, radiologically, and cytologically. Follicular adenoma wasthe most common benign neoplastic disease.

​Histomorphological Spectrum of Pancreatic Carcinoma – A Retrospective Study

Introduction: Pancreatic cancer is dominated by exocrine pancreatic cancer. The most common histological type isadenocarcinoma in 95% of cases. Surgery remains the only curative treatment. However, only 20% of pancreatic cancers arejudged to be operable at the time of diagnosis.Aim: The aim of this study was to comprehensively analyze the histopathological spectrum of pancreatic lesions.Materials and Methods: This retrospective study was conducted in all pancreatic lesion cases. The specimens were examinedexternally and then opened as per the conventional method after overnight fixation in 10% formalin.Results: A total of 26 (52%) biopsy samples were obtained, 4 (8%) cyst excision, 11 (22%) partial pancreatectomy, and9 (18%) Whipple’s procedure specimen. Mean tumor size was 2.64 cm range 0.6–13 cm. Of the various gross morphologicaltypes seen, the most common was polypoid. Malignant lesions were 16 (32%) cases of adenocarcinoma, 6 (12%) cases of theneuroendocrine tumor, and 4 (8%) cases of solid pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas.Conclusion: Histopathology is mandatory in many of the lesions which present as cystic and solid masses. It also aids inavoiding unwanted radical surgeries in patients which will increase the morbidity and mortality.

Retrospective Study of Histopathological Findings in Non-Neoplastic Cervical Lesions

The uterine cervix is prone to several non-neoplastic gynecological lesions. These lesions are a source of morbidity and mortality in women. Therefore, there is need to analyze them to provide the pattern of these lesions. AIM: Retrospective study of the findings of non-neoplastic lesions of cervix. Methods: A retrospective study was done in Department of Pathology, Government Medical College, Patiala from January 2016 to January 2018. Results & Conclusion: Out of 220 cases, the most common non neoplastic lesion recorded was chronic cervicitis (45.9%) followed by squamous metaplasia(37.2%) and nabothian cysts(36.3%).

A Study of Various Obstetrics Outcomes and Complications among In-Vitro Fertilization (IVF) Pregnancies

Introduction: Use of In-vitro fertilization (IVF) has raisedmajor concern about the outcome of resulting pregnancies. InVitro Fertilization and Embryo Transfer is the most advancedtechnique of infertility treatment though management of thesepregnancies is not that easy as the couples and treating doctorshave undue concerns and apprehensions about the outcomesof such pregnancies.Material and Methods: Obstetrics outcomes in the womenconceived through IVF and the neonatal characteristics of thelive- born infants at Army Hospital R & R were analyzed inthis study between Jan 2017 to Dec 2017.Results: IVF pregnancies increased the incidence of ectopicpregnancy and multifetal gestation. The rate of cesareansection was also higher in IVF pregnancies. While a largenumber of cases delivered vaginally, multiple pregnancies andpreterm labour were more frequent in the study group. Afterfirst trimester they can be managed as a normal pregnancy.Conclusion: Infertility cases are usually older, and this isone of the reasons for increased complications in pregnancy.Multiple pregnancies are the most prevalent complicationin these pregnancies. Risk of ectopic pregnancy has beenreported to be at least 2-fold higher in In-vitro fertilizationand Embryo- Transfer (IVF-ET) pregnancies.

Histopathological Study Of Non-neoplastic Lesions Of Nose, Paransal Sinuses And Nasopharynx

Background: The various lesions of the nose, paranasal sinuses and nasopharynx were subjected to histopathological evaluation over a period of 5 years (2010 to 2015) at the Department of Pathology, in a rural based hospital. Total 84 specimens were studied over the time of 5 years. Methodology: The formalin fixed specimens were received with complete clinical and radiological features. Routine gross examination and required number of sections were taken and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Result: In the study, 84 cases were of Inflammatory and Non neoplastic le-sions. Nasal polyps were the most common lesions with 77 (91.67%) cases. Among the all Nasal polyps, 77 cases, 20 (25.97%) cases were of Allergic polyp, 50 (64.93%) cases were of inflammatory polyp, while 7 (9.09%) cases were of Antrochoanal polyp. 2 cases (2.38%) each of Sinusitis and Intradermal naevus. Rhinosporidiosis, Mucocele and Na-solabial cyst comprised of 1 (0.77%) case each respectively. Conclusion: In our study, most common lesions were Nasal Polyps. Most of the cases were presented in 2ndand3rddecade of life with Male preponderance. Nasal obstruction was the most common clinical presentation in the present study.

Is salivary gland pathology in western of Libya the same as other parts of the World? / A Patologia das glândulas salivares na Líbia ocidental é a mesma que em outras partes do mundo?

A wide variety of entities may cause diseases of the salivary glands. A general classification divides the disorders into inflammatory and non-inflammatory diseases. This group of disorders can afflict the major or minor salivary glands but are generally much more common in the major glands. In most cases, clinical assessment allows distinction between these entities and guides further investigation and management. However, knowing the relative incidence of neoplastic vs. non-neoplastic salivary gland diseases has important diagnostic, therapeutic, and prognostic implications. In addition, the use of different diagnostic modalities such as an ultrasound, FNA, MRI and CT scan play a vital role in preoperative diagnosis. We here present our retrospective study to compare the incidence of Neoplastic versus non-Neoplastic salivary gland diseases at largest oral and maxillofacial center in western Libya and to compare accuracy and validity of different diagnostic tools in diagnosis of salivary gland disease... (AU)

Uma grande variedade de condições pode causar doenças das glândulas salivares. Uma classificação geral divide os distúrbios em doenças inflamatórias e não inflamatórias. Esse grupo de distúrbios pode afetar as glândulas salivares maiores ou menores, embora geralmente sejam mais comuns nas glândulas maiores. Na maioria dos casos, a avaliação clínica permite a distinção entre essas condições e orienta pesquisas e gerenciamento adicionais. Contudo, conhecer a prevalência relativa das doenças das glândulas salivares neoplásicas e doenças não neoplásicas tem importantes implicações diagnósticas, terapêuticas e prognósticas. Além disso, o uso de diferentes modalidades de diagnóstico, como um ultrassom, aspiração com agulha fina, ressonância magnética e tomografia computadorizada axial, assume um papel vital no diagnóstico pré-operatório. Aqui apresenta-se um estudo retrospectivo para comparar a prevalência de doenças das glândulas salivares neoplásicas e não neoplásicas no maior centro de cirurgia bucomaxilofacial da Líbia e comparar a precisão e validade de diferentes ferramentas diagnósticas nas doenças das glândulas salivares... (AU)

Imaging features and differential diagnosis of obstructive jaundice caused from non-neoplastic diseases / 中华消化外科杂志

Objective To investigate the imaging features and differential diagnosis of obstructive jaundice caused from non-neoplastic diseases.Methods The retrospective descriptive study was conducted.The clinical data of 62 patients with obstructive jaundice caused from non-neoplastic diseases who were admitted to the Peking University People's Hospital between August 2014 and August 2016 were collected,including 13 with immunoglobulin G4 associated cholangitis (IAC),2 with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC),21 with recurrent purulent cholangitis (RPC),2 with Mirizzi syndrome,4 with groove pancreatitis (GP) and 20 with Lemmel syndrome.All the patients underwent plain and enhanced scans of computed tomnography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and magnetic resonanced cholangio-pancreatography (MRCP).Film reading were respectively done by 2 imaging doctors,and then was analyzed again by senior doctors when there is disagreement.Observation indicators:(1) situations of imaging exanination and imaging features;(2) treatment and follow-up.Patients received laboratory and related examinations and then underwent corresponding treatment after diagnosis.Follow-up using outpatient examination and telephone interview was performed once every 6 months to detect patients' prognosis up to November 2016.Results (1) Situations of imaging examination and imaging features:of 62 patients,21 underwent plain and enhanced CT scans,7 underwent plain and enhanced MRI scans,4 underwent MRCP,15 underwent plain and enhanced CT scans and MRCP,1 underwent plain and enhanced CT scans and plain and enhanced MRI scans,3 underwent plain and enhanced MRI scans and MRCP and 11 underwent plain and enhanced CT scans,plain and enhanced MRI scans and MRCP.Imaging features of 13 patients with IAC:MRI scans showed that diffuse and symmetrical bile duct walls were thickened,with delayed enhancement.The narrowed lumen of bile duct was mainly occurred in common bile duct,without occlusion.Of 13 patients with IAC,9 were combined with IgG4 associated pancreatitis and 7 with bilateral nephropathy.Imaging features of 2 patients with PSC:MRI scans showed that bile duct wall was multiple localized thickening and persistent enhancement,that was imaging feature of liver cirrhosis.MRCP examination showed that intra-and extra-hepatic bile ducts had multifocality stricture and beading-like and/or dry twig-like dilatation,and branches of intrahepatic peripheral bile duct were reduced.Imaging features of 21 patients with RPC:MRI and CT scans and MRCP examination showed that there was thickening bile duct wall and delayed enhancement.The first and second level of intrahepatic bile duct were segmental dilatation,distal bile duct dramatically narrowed and branches of intrahepatic bile duct were reduced.Most of extrahepatic bile duct was dilatation and a few were narrow-like changes.There were stones of intrahepatic bile duct and pneumobilia.Liver parenchymal atrophy with cholangiectasis occurred most frequently in left lobe or right posterior lobe of liver.There were secondary liver abscess and cholangiocarcinoma.Imaging features of 2 patients with Mirizzi syndrome:MRI scans showed that there was common hepatic duct stricture caused by stones in the junction between neck of gallbladder and common hepatic duct,and intra-and extra-hepatic bile ducts dilatation in proximal end of stones and normal bile duct in distal end of stones.There were gallbladder and biliary fistulas,irregular gallbladder wall thickening and inflammation around the gallbladder.Imaging features of 4 patients with GP:MRI scans showed that no clear mass was detected in duodenal loop and head of pancreas,with heterogeneous and slightly irregular enhancement.Cyst formation occurred in intramural wall of duodenum and head of pancreas.Enhanced MRI scans showed that common bile duct wall was thickened and slightly irregular stricture,pancreatic duct was normal or mild expansion,and thickened duodenal wall had varying degrees of stenosis of lumen.Imaging features of 20 patients with Lemmel syndrome:MRI scans showed that pouch-like structure was detected inside of the descending duodenum,with thin cyst wall and liquid in cyst wall.MRCP examination showed dilatations of common bile duct and intra-and extra-hepatic bile ducts.(2) Treatment and follow-up:of all the 62 patients,30 underwent corresponding surgeries,including 2 with IAC,1 with PSC,7 with RPC,2 with Mirizzi syndrome,3 with GP and 15 with Lemmel syndrome,and the other 32 without surgery received corresponding medical treatment.Sixty of 62 patients were followed up for 3-17 months.During follow-up,28 patients undergoing surgery received definitive diagnosis and good recovery,2 were lost after definitive diagnosis and 32 undergoing medical treatment were in stable condition.Conclusion Non-neoplastic diseases can cause obstructive jaundice,with a higher misdiagnosis rate,imaging findings of which can be conducive to diagnose diseases and provide clinical treatment.

Analysis of non-neoplastic hepatic lesions in SD rats at different age / 中国职业医学

OBJECTIVE: To explore the non-neoplastic hepatic lesions in SD rats at different ages. METHODS: The specificpathogen free SD rats were collected from the blank control groups used in subacute toxicity tests,subchronic toxicity tests and chronic toxicity combined with carcinogenic tests for safety evaluation. At the end of each experiment,i. e. week 10,19,56 and 108(assigned into four groups: 10,19,56 and 108 weeks,each contained 100 rats with each sex),rats were executed. The liver organ coefficient was calculated,the pathological examination was performed,and the non-tumorous lesions in the liver were analyzed. RESULTS: The liver organ coefficients at the age of 19,56,108 weeks were lower than that of 10 weeks(P < 0. 05); those at the age of 56 and 108 weeks were lower than that of 19 weeks(P < 0. 05),and that of 108 weeks was greater than of 56 weeks(P < 0. 05). Among the 10-week-old,19-week-old,56-week-old and 108-week-old groups,the types of non-neoplastic hepatic lesions detected in the female rats were 6,6,13 and 15 respectively,meanwhile those in the male rats were 6,6,13 and 15 respectively. Both male and female rats,the incidences of hepatocyte fatty degeneration,edema and hepatic infiltration of inflammatory cells were significantly increased with the increase of age in each group(P < 0. 05). The incidences of intrahepatic bile duct proliferation and intrahepatic bile duct fibrosis in rats at the age of 56 and 108 weeks were higher than those at the age of 10 and 19 weeks(P < 0. 008).Moreover,the frequency of hepatic sinus expansion lesions in rats at the age of 108 weeks was higher than those of 19 weeks(P < 0. 008). CONCLUSION: Spontaneous non-neoplastic lesions in the liver of SD rats were common,primarily demonstrated as hepatocyte fatty degeneration,edema and infiltration of inflammatory cells. The incidences of lesions increased with the increase of age.