Cognitive function of remitted schizophrenia patients and their first-degree non-psychotic relatives / 重庆医学

Objective To explore difference of neuropsychological tests between the remitted schizophrenia patients and the first-degree non-psychotic relatives of schizophrenia patients,and to explore the possible endophenotypes in cognitive function.Methods The MATRICSTM consensus cognitive battery was administered to 86 remittent schizophrenia patients (the patient group),86 first-degree non-psychotic relatives of schizophrenia patients (the relative group),and 86 healthy people (the control group).Results Compared with the control group,the patients group and the relative group showed poor performance on trail making test,brief assessment of cognition,hopkins verbal learning,mazes,category fluency,emotional intelligence test and continuous performance test (P＜0.05).There were significantly lower performances in the patient group than the relative groups on hopkins verbal learning,mazes,emotional intelligence test and continuous performance test (P＜0.05).Conclusion The remitted schizophrenia patients and their first-degree non-psychotic relatives have selective deficits in cognition function,among them,verbal leaning,attention/vigilance,reasoning and problem solving and social cognition may be potential endophenotypes for schizophrenia.

Descriptive study of the prevalence of anemia, hypertension, diabetes and quality of life in a randomly selected population of elderly subjects from São Paulo

BACKGROUND: The rapid increase in the aged population has resulted in a growing number of cases of chronic diseases. This increase is an important demographic change that low- and middle-income countries have to face and poses a new challenge to health services. One of the first steps to formulate public policies is to understand the reality of each country's aging population. This study describes the prevalence of anemia, hypertension and diabetes and the overall health status in pre-elderly and elderly subjects enrolled in two primary health care clinics, Eldorado and Piraporinha, in the city of Diadema, São Paulo. METHOD: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 373 participants. Clinical data were collected from patient charts and the degree of disability and common mental disorders, as well as demographic data were obtained by interviews. RESULTS: The prevalence of anemia was approximately 11% and hypertension was 70% and 81% in Eldorado and Piraporinha, respectively. The frequency of diabetes was 52% in Eldorado and 30% in Piraporinha. The subjects of both health care clinics reported having difficulties in some of their daily physical and instrumental activities, with physical symptoms and emotional disorders. CONCLUSION: Anemia, hypertension and diabetes are prevalent in the studied population, and patients showed degrees of dependency and impaired health status.

Causes of Domestic Violence in Married Women with psychotic and Nonpsychotic Illness.

Background: Women are integral to all aspects of society. They are worshipped, but when it comes to dealing with them, much still remains. Women bear the burden of responsibility associated with being wives, mothers and carers of others. There is a dearth of casecontrol studies. Domestic violence in women with psychiatric morbidity has not received sufficient attention. Domestic violence can often lead to victims developing mental health problems, and people with mental health problems are more likely to experience domestic violence. People diagnosed with mental illness are more likely than others to be victims of domestic violence. Psychiatric morbidity as a determinant of domestic violence has received little attention. Indian culture is unique and there is limited work on domestic violence from Eastern Uttar Pradesh. Objective: To assess the magnitude and compare the cause of domestic violence in married women with psychotic and nonpsychotic illness. Materials and methods: Sixty-five women attending psychiatry outpatient department (OPD) of SSL Hospital with 35 women with psychotic illness and 30 nonpsychotic illness were studied for the magnitude of domestic violence by their husband. Domestic violence questionnaire was used. Women diagnosed as suffering from Axis-I disorder as per DSM IV TR. Results: Significantly more women in psychotic illness than nonpsychotic illness reported domestic violence (total/ psychological and physical) by their husbands in past year (women with psychotic illness: 80% total/psychological violence; 65.7% physical violence and nonpsychotic illness: 50% total/ psychological violence; 43.3% physical violence). Total domestic violence with psychiatric morbidity was observed in 66.2%. Conclusion: Women with psychotic illness have a higher reporting of domestic violence by their husbands during the past years. Women with mental disorders are likely to be victims of violence. Mental disorder may increase vulnerability to domestic violence by increasing the likelihood of women being in unsafe relationships and environments and increase their vulnerability to violent victimization.

Negação não psicótica da gravidez: definições, especificidades e explicações / Non psychotic denial of pregnancy: definitions, characteristics and explanations / Negación no psicótica del embarazo: definiciónes, características y explicaciones

O objetivo desta revisão da literatura PSI é contribuir para a produção deconhecimento sobre o fenômeno da negação não psicótica da gravidez,tendo em vista a pouca produção científica nacional. Tal situação consisteno fato de uma mulher passar boa parte da gestação, ou até no momento do parto, sem saber que está gravida. Para tanto, buscaram-se em bancos de dados nacionais e internacionais, além de encontros presenciais com profissionais que trabalham com esse tema, as pesquisas já realizadas e os aspectos sobre o fenômeno que precisam ser ainda aprofundados e abordados para que se possa ter um avanço científico em relação à compreensão dessa experiência...

The objective of this literature review is to provide information about thephenomenon of non-psychotic denial of pregnancy, given the lack of nationalscientific studies. This situation happens when a woman spends most part of pregnancy or until labor without knowing that she is pregnant. Thus, it is was search in national and international databases, as well as encounters conducted with professional who work on this topic, the researches already performed and which aspects about the phenomenon need to be more understood and addressed in order to have a scientific advance related to this experience...

El objetivo de esa revisión de literatura es contribuir para la producción deconocimiento sobre el fenómeno de la negación no psicótica del embarazo, en vista de la poca producción científica nacional. Tal situación consiste en el hecho de una mujer pasar al largo del embarazo o hasta el momento delparto sin saber que está embarazada. Por lo tanto, se buscaran en bases de datos nacionales e internacionales, así como encuentros presenciales conprofesionales que trabajan en ese tema, las investigaciones ya hechas y cuales aspectos sobre el fenómeno que necesitan ser aún profundizados yabordados para que se pueda suceder un avanzo científico en relación a lacomprensión de esa experiencia...

A desautorização do processo perceptivo na negação não psicótica da gravidez / Disallowing the perceptive process in the non-psychotic denial of pregnancy / El no-autorización del proceso perceptivo en la negación psicótica del embarazo / La desautorizacion du processus perceptif dans non psychotiques déni de grossesse

A literatura científica mundial adota atualmente a denominação de negação não psicótica da gravidez para se referir à situação na qual uma mulher não sabe que está grávida até o momento do parto, ou pelo menos durante boa parte do período gestacional. Pode ser definida, também, como a falta de consciência subjetiva por parte da mulher em relação a estar grávida. Esse fenômeno é explorado neste artigo mediante a abordagem de conflitos e mecanismos psíquicos que sustentam sua dinâmica psíquica. Para tal, discorre-se sobre o mecanismo Verleugnung, a partir de proposições do psicanalista Luis Cláudio Figueiredo, no sentido de traduzi-lo como "desautorização". Entende-se que na situação da negação não psicótica da gravidez, explorada sob o viés da desautorização, se encontram ampliadas as condições de compreensão a respeito do estabelecimento de uma condição psíquica singular a qual resulta na situação em que uma mulher não toma conhecimento de sua condição de estar gerando outro ser. Também são apresentadas contribuições de autores psicanalíticos contemporâneos que fornecem pertinentes ferramentas de compreensão no que diz respeito à situação da negação não psicótica da gravidez. Tal fenômeno, ao desautorizar a percepção e gerar um impedimento de estabelecer conexões psíquicas e atribuir sentido a esta experiência, resulta no predomínio de intensidades traumáticas no psiquismo...

The scientific literature adopts, currently, the name non-psychotic denial of pregnancy to denominate a situation in which a woman does not know that she is pregnant until labor, or at least, for most of the gestational period. The situation can also be defined as a lack of subjective awareness of the woman concerning her pregnancy. This phenomenon is explored in this article addressing the conflicts and psychic mechanisms which support its psychic dynamic. In order to explore this phenomenon, we discuss the mechanism of Verleugnung from the ideas of the psychoanalyst Luis Cláudio Figueiredo who translates Verleugnung as "disallow". The comprehension of the non-psychotic denial of the pregnancy condition, through the concept of disallow, can broaden our understanding regarding the establishment of this singular psychic condition which results in the situation when a woman is not aware of her own pregnancy. We also present some contributions of contemporary psychoanalytical authors who give us essential tools for understanding the situation of non-psychotic denial of pregnancy. This phenomenon, that disallows perception and generates an obstruction for the establishment of psychological connections which gives meaning to the experience, results in a predominance of traumatic intensities in the psyche...

La literatura científica mundial adopta actualmente la denominación de negación no psicótica del embarazo para referir a la situación en la cual una mujer no sabe que está embarazada hasta el momento del parto, o por lo menos durante buena parte del período gestacional. Puede ser definida también, como la falta de conciencia subjetiva por parte de la mujer en relación a estar embarazada. Ese fenómeno es explorado en este artículo mediante el abordaje de conflictivas y de mecanismos psíquicos que sustentan su dinámica psíquica. Para tal, se discurre sobre el mecanismo Verleugnung, a partir de proposiciones del psicoanalista Luis Cláudio Figueiredo, en el sentido de traducirlo como "desautorización". Se entiende que en la situación de la negación no psicótica del embarazo explorada a partir de la óptica de la desautorización se encuentran ampliadas las condiciones de comprensión al respecto del establecimiento de una condición psíquica singular la cual resulta en la situación en que una mujer no toma conocimiento de su condición de estar generando otro ser. También son abordados aportes de autores psicoanalíticos contemporáneos que proporcionan pertinentes herramientas de comprensión al respecto de la situación de la negación no psicótica del embarazo. Tal fenómeno, al desautorizar la percepción y generar un impedimento de establecer conexiones psíquicas y atribuciones de sentido a esta experiencia, resulta en el predominio de intensidades traumáticas en el psiquismo...

La littérature scientifique mondiale adopte actuellement la dénomination de déni non psychotique de grossesse pour se rapporter à la situation où une femme ne sait pas qu'elle est enceinte jusqu'au moment de l'accouchement, ou au moins pendant une grande partie de la gestation. On peut la définir également en tant que manque de conscience subjective de la femme au fait d'être enceinte. Ce phénomène sera développé dans le présent article par le biais de conflits et de mécanismes psychiques que soutiennent la dynamique psychique. Pour autant, nous aborderons le mécanisme de la Verleugnung, à partir des propositions du psychanalyste Luis Cláudio Figeuiredo, dans le sens d'en traduire comme ®des-autorisation¼. On comprend qu'en abordant la situation du déni non psychotique de grossesse par la des-autorisation on amplifie les conditions de compréhension de l'établissement d'une condition psychique singulière, dans laquelle se trouve une femme qui ne prend pas conscience de sa grossesse. On présente également ici les contributions des auteurs psychanalytiques contemporains qui nous offrent des outils importants à la compréhension du déni non psychotique de grossesse. Tel phénomène, en des-autorisant la perception et en établissant un empêchement de liaisons psychiques à l'attribution de sens à cette expérience, aboutit à une prédominance des intensités traumatiques dans le psychisme...

Study of Neurocognitive Impairment in Psychotic and Nonpsychotic Depression.

Objective: The theory that psychotic depression is a distinct syndrome is supported by reports of statistically significant differences between psychotic and nonpsychotic depression in presenting features, course and outcome, response to treatment and neurocognitive changes. This study examined differences in performance on different neurocognitive measures between patients with psychotic and nonpsychotic depression and healthy controls. Method: 50 patients with psychotic depression, 50 patients with nonpsychotic depression and 30 healthy controls were administered neuropsychological function test battery. Results: Patient with psychotic depression performed poorly on neurocognitive test than patients with nonpsychotic depression who performed poorly than healthy controls and neurocognitive impairment was present globally in both groups of patients. Conclusion: Psychotic depression is different from nonpsychotic depression and produces more cognitive impairment than nonpsychotic depression.

A Clinical Psychiatric Study of Non-Psychotic Young Adolescents.

Background : Only a few clinical psychiatric studies have been done on adolescents in India. Non-psychotic psychiatric disorders in Indian adolescents require greater clinical attention. Aim: To clinically evaluate, diagnose and classify non-psychotic adolescents, aged 13 to 16 years, attending the child and adolescent psychiatry OPD. Methods and Material : 40 subjects were assessed on Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorder and Schizophrenia, Present and Lifetime version (K-SADS-PL) or clinically for non-psychotic clinical psychiatric disorders. ‘Parent Interview Schedule’ and ‘Interview Schedule for Children’ were used to assess abnormal psychosocial situations, and Children’s Global Assessment Scale for psychosocial disability. Subjects were diagnosed using ICD-10 DCR and ICD-10 multi-axial classification. Results: Common adolescent non-psychotic psychiatric disorders found were mood disorders (27.5%), conduct disorder (17.5%) and dissociative disorder (12.5%). 7.5% adolescents had a specific disorder of psychological development. Abnormal psychosocial situations were present in 40% of the adolescents. Nearly half the adolescents (47.5%) had moderate social disability. Comorbidity was present in 17.5% adolescents. Conclusion :Common imparing psychiatric disorders among young clinic adolescents were mood disorders, conduct disorders, and dissociative disorders. More and larger studies in Indian general population and clinic settings are needed in this age group.

Cognitive Dysfunction and Improvement after Antidepressant Treatment in Patients with Non-Psychotic Major Depressive Disorder in Mild to Moderate Severity: A Prospective Study / 대한정신약물학회지

OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted to evaluate the impairment of cognitive functions, which include verbal and visual memory, visuospatial function, and executive function, and also to investigate if there is improvement of cognitive impairment after antidepressant treatment in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). METHODS: Fifteen female patients with non-psychotic MDD in mild to moderate severity and 25 age-matched female normal control subjects participated in this study. Clinical severity of depression was measured by Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Zung's Self-Rating Depression Scale (Zung), and Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAMD). Cognitive functions were tested using Ray Complex Figure Test (RCFT) to evaluate visuospatial function and visual memory, Stroop test to evaluate conflict monitoring, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) to evaluate executive function, and Seoul Verbal Learning Test (SVLT) to evaluate verbal memory. Both clinical depression scales and cognitive function tests were conducted at baseline and after 12 months of antidepressant treatment. RESULTS: At baseline, there were deficits in immediate and delayed recall of SVLT in patients with MDD compared to normal control subjects, while the impairment in visuospatial function, visual memory, and executive function was not clear. After antidepressant treatment, improvement of executive function, i.e. percent of error response and perseverative response of WCST in MDD patients was greater than that in normal control subjects. Improvement of executive function, however, did not show a significant correlation with the change of clinical severity of depression. CONCLUSION: The verbal memory was the most prominent domain of cognitive dysfunction in non-psychotic depression with mild to moderate severity. Of further note, differential improvement in executive function was observed in MDD patients after antidepressant treatment, although the improvement in executive function was not directly associated with the improvement of clinical depression.