Blood Pressure Values in Apparently Healthy Sudanese Population

Introduction: Blood pressure is one of the most often measured clinical parameters, and assessment of blood pressure has a considerable impact on diagnostic decisions. Objectives: To establish blood pressure normal reference values in Sudanese. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from September 2016 to November 2018. Eight hundred eighty-eight healthy adult Sudanese between the ages of 18 and 60 (203 men and 685 women) were randomly selected from the states of Khartoum, Northern, Gezira, Red Sea, and North Darfur. Clinical, anthropometric, and blood pressure measurement data were collected. Results: The mean for all volunteers was 113.93 ± 9.917 mmHg, systolic blood pressure (SBP) and 75.29 ± 6.79 mmHg, diastolic blood pressure (DBP). SBP in men was 118.6 + 7.642 mmHg compared to 112.53 + 9.121 mmHg in women, while DBP in men was 77.51 + 5.984 mmHg compared to 74.63 + 6.844 mmHg in women. Beside the gender variations, blood pressure values also showed geographical variability. There was a positive connection between blood pressures (SBP and DBP), BMI, and age. (P < 0.05) was used for significance. Conclusion: Blood pressure of Sudanese was found to be within the normal international range with gender and geographical variability. It showed positive correlation with age and BMI.

Philippine Normal Reference Values for Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing

Introduction@#Performance on cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) is influenced by genetic, racial and environmental factors. It is important to establish a set of reference values for the Filipino population. This study aimed to establish the maximum working capacity, peak oxygen uptake (VO2), peak carbon dioxide output (VCO2), tidal volume (TV) for normal Filipinos during exercise; determine the median perceived rate of exertion using the Borg Scale; and derive prediction equation models for maximum working capacity, peak VO2, peak VCO2 and maximum attained TV.@*Methods@#The maximal cardiopulmonary responses were analyzed for 118 healthy sedentary adult Filipino subjects who underwent CPET using a symptom limited incremental progressive cycle ergometer driven protocol. A Vista MiniCPX Model 17670 was used. Models for predicting VO2 max, VCO2 peak, TV peak, and work max were derived with height, weight, age and sex being screened for significance as predictors. Linear and non-linear regression analyses were done.@*Results@#The maximum working capacity for males was 154.21+26.6 watts and 93.02+15.57 watts for females while the peak VO2 for males was 4.90+3.11 and 4.56 2.41 liters/ minute for females. The predictive formulae derived from this study for maximum work capacity, peak VO2, VCO2 and tidal volume had acceptable correlation coefficients and performed as well as other published predictive equations based on Caucasian and Asian populations.@*Discussion@#Differences between races as to performance in exercise testing was confirmed in this study so that it is worthwhile to utilize predictive equations specific for a certain racial population in the accurate interpretation of results. Performance in an exercise test also depends on the exercise protocol used so that the predictive equations in this study can be used only for exercise tests using a similar protocol.@*Conclusion@#Cardiopulmonary exercise testing was performed on a community based, healthy, sedentary Filipino population using a standard maximal incremental cycle ergometry protocol. Predictive equation models were derived for Maximum Working Capacity (r2=0.728), peak VO2 (r2= 0.123), peak VCO2 (r2=0.648), and TV (r2=0.579). The derived predictive formulae performed as well as other published predictive equations.

Reference values for areal bone mineral density among a healthy Mexican population / Valores de referencia para la densidad mineral ósea expresada en área para una población mexicana sana

OBJECTIVE: Compare the influence of ethnicity in the prevalence of osteopenia and osteoporosis in various Mexican populations using two normal dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) reference databases: manufacturer's incorporating US Hispanic population and a normal mestizo Mexican population. MATERIAL AND METHODS: MMP included 9 946 subjects participating in an ongoing long-term cohort study focusing on lifestyle and chronic diseases, of which 6 487 MMP males and females aged 7 to 80 years were the normal subjects used to determine bone density T- and Z-scores, following WHO criteria, and peak bone mass values. Abnormal bone mass density values estimated by the manufacturer's and peak bone mass reference values were compared. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Our results show that by using the manufacturer's T-score values in the mestizo Mexican population we are underestimating the number of abnormal bone mass BMD populations.

OBJETIVO: Comparar la influencia de la etnicidad en la prevalencia de osteopenia y osteoporosis en varias poblaciones mexicanas utilizando dos bases de referencia normal de densitometría de rayos X (DXA): referencia del fabricante que incorpora hispanos en Estados Unidos y datos de una población mestiza mexicana. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Un total de 9 946 sujetos de población mestiza mexicana participantes en una cohorte de largo plazo dirigida al estudio de estilos de vida y ocurrencia de enfermedades crónicas; de los cuales 6 487 sujetos sanos de ambos sexos, con edad entre los 7 y los 80 años, fueron utilizados para determinar los valores T, Z, de acuerdo a los criterios de la OMS, así como a los valores de masa ósea pico. Se compararon los casos de densidad mineral ósea anormal de acuerdo a los valores de referencia del fabricante y los valores de masa ósea pico de la población mestiza. RESULTADOS Y CONCLUSIÓN: Las bases de referencia del fabricante subestima significativamente el número de casos con densidad mineral ósea anormal en la población mestiza mexicana.

Normal Reference Values of Peripheral Blood CD4 and CD8 Lymphocytes for the Healthy Population in Tianjin / 中国慢性病预防与控制

Objective To establish the normal reference ranges of peripheral blood CD4 and CD8 lymphocytes for the healthy population in Tianjin. Methods 366 samples were recruited from among local physical examination adults and their absolute and proportional values for the ranges of CD4 and CD8 lymphocytes were detected by quantitative flow cytometry with fluorescence labeled antibodies. Results Mean absolute values were (860.27?255.15) cells/?l for CD4 T cells,(671.60?371.39) cells/?l for CD8 T cells and (1.44?0.62) for CD4/CD8 ratio; and the proportional values were (37.05?7.42)% for CD4 T cells,(28.42?7.46)% for CD8 T cells. Our results showed no differences between gender and age on CD4 T cell counts among the healthy adult population in Tianjin. Conclusions There is difference in CD4 T lymphocyte counts in different areas.