ABSTRACT
Purpose: The purpose of this study is to provide normative database for subfoveal choroidal thickness in Indian eyes using swept-source optical coherence tomography. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study based at a tertiary eye care center in Northern India. Two hundred and thirty eight eyes of 119 healthy subjects were examined in terms of axial length, spherical equivalent, and choroidal thickness. Inclusion criteria included age 19� years, no retinal or choroidal disorder, and patients with clear media and good fixation. Patients with high hypermetropia (>4 D) or myopia (>6 D) or any systemic disease likely to affect choroidal thickness were excluded. Twelve radial line scans were obtained centered on the fovea that were used to calculate choroidal and retinal thickness in 9 early treatment diabetic retinopathy study (ETDRS) zones. Results: The mean age of all the subjects was 28.70 � 11.28 years; mean axial length was 23.63 � 1.96 mm, and mean spherical equivalent was ? 0.92 � 3.08 D. The mean subfoveal choroidal thickness was 299.10 � 131.2 ? and mean foveal thickness was 239.92 � 48.16 ?. A negative correlation was found between subfoveal choroidal thickness and age (r = ?0.0961, P = 0.1392) and axial length (r = ?0.3166, P < 0.001). A statistically significant positive correlation was found between subfoveal choroidal thickness and refractive error (r = 0.2393, P = 0.0002). Conclusion: This study provides normative database for subfoveal choroidal thickness and foveal thickness using swept-source optical coherence tomography. The choroidal thickness measured with swept-source platform is slightly higher than that reported with spectral domain platforms.
ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To analyze macular layer thickness using spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) in normal subjects. METHODS: One hundred normal eyes were enrolled in this study. Macular thickness was measured via enhanced depth imaging using Heidelberg Spectralis(R) OCT, using calipers within the program. RESULTS: Central subfield thickness was 11.35 +/- 2.11 microm in the retinal nerve fiber layer, 13.33 +/- 4.16 microm in the ganglion cell layer, 19.38 +/- 3.20 microm in the inner plexiform layer, 18.23 +/- 4.66 microm in the inner nuclear layer, 23.27+/- 6.83 microm in the outer plexiform layer, 91.97 +/- 9.59 microm in the outer nuclear layer, 16.68 +/- 1.83 microm in the retinal pigment epithelium layer, 179.82 +/- 29.99 microm in the inner retinal layer, and 88.32 +/- 2.81 microm in the photoreceptors layer. No significant differences were observed in the spherical equivalent according to age. Despite no significant differences being present, the macular central subfield thickness was thinner in women than in men. CONCLUSIONS: In the present study, differences in macular layer thickness were found according to age and gender which should be considered when macular diseases are evaluated.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Ganglion Cysts , Nerve Fibers , Retinal Pigment Epithelium , Retinaldehyde , Tomography, Optical CoherenceABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the difference and the correlation of the vowel's phonation threshold pressure and nasalance in normal subjects .Methods The Aeroview (GLOTTAL Enterprises)with the materials /pa/,/pi/,/pu/ was used to obtain phonation threshold pressure values and The NasalviewTM (Tiger Electronics Inc .,Seattle ,Shanghai) with the materials /a/,/i/,/u/was used to obtain nasalance values .A total of 30 subjects (15 males ,15 females ,and aged 19~30) years old received the tests .The results of the vowel's phonation threshold pressure and nasalance gender score difference were compared .Results The PTP gender scores of /a/,/i/,/u/in maleswere4.53±0.70cm,5.21±0.80cm,5.87±1.45cm,andinfemaleswere4.09±0.30cm,4.47±0.30cm, and 4 .77 ± 0 .32 cm ,respectively .There were significant differences between males and females in PTP values (P 0 .05) .The na‐salance gender score differences showed that females were greater than males .There were significant differences in different vowels(P<0 .05) .This study found a weak correlation between PTP and nasalance .Conclusion The relationship between oral pressure and nasal flow cannot be accurately measured by measuring PTP ,and /pa/is a relatively suit‐able material for testing oral pressure .
ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: We present the results of visual evoked potential (VEP), electroretinography (ERG), and electrooculography (EOG) in normal subjects using the Mon-pack 3 system (Metrovision). METHODS: VEP, ERG, and EOG were obtained in 92 normal eyes. The measurements followed the International Society for Clinical Electrophysiology of Vision (ISCEV) standardization protocol. In VEP, the standard electrode was placed on the forehead and the active electrode was attached on the occiput. In ERG, a 20-minute dark adaptation was performed after mydriasis, and an ERG-jet electrode was used. EOG was measured by attaching an electrode to each medial canthal skin. Each latent period and electric potential was measured with average, standard deviation, median, and 95% confidencenterval (95% CI). RESULTS: The mean P100 latency in pattern VEP was 104.36 ms, and P100 latency in flash VEP was 116.71 ms. For the maximal ERG response, the implicit times of a and b waves were 22.65 ms and 44.58 ms, respectively and the amplitude of a and b waves were 274.09 microv and 489.52 microv, respectively. For the ERG cone response, the implicit time of a and b waves were 18.21 ms and 33.40 ms, respectively, and the amplitude of a and b waves were 35.87 microv and 104.42 microv, respectively. The mean ERG oscillitatory potential was 285.53 microv. The average EOG Arden ratio was 2.54. CONCLUSIONS: VEP, ERG, and EOG results from normal subjects using the Mon-pack 3 system can be applied to the diagnosis of retina and optic nerve disease and basic research.
Subject(s)
Dark Adaptation , Diagnosis , Electrodes , Electrooculography , Electrophysiology , Electroretinography , Evoked Potentials, Visual , Forehead , Mydriasis , Optic Nerve Diseases , Retina , SkinABSTRACT
Objective To evaluate the feasibility of real-time triplane strain rate imaging for the quantitative assessment of left atrial function in normal subjects. Methods Totally 40 healthy volunteers were enrolled. Left atrial expansion index (LAEI), left atrial passive emptying fraction (LAPEF) and left atrial active emptying fraction (LAAEF) were measured using real-time triplane volume analysis. Mean systolic peak strain rate (MSRs), mean early diastolic peak strain rate (MSRe) and mean late diastolic peak strain rate (MSRa) were measured using real-time triplane strain rate imaging. The results were compared respectively. Results MSRs correlated positively with LAEI (r=0.61, P<0.01). MSRe correlated inversely with LAPEF (r=-0.67, P<0.01), so did MSRa with LAAEF (r=-0.78, P<0.01). Conclusion Real-time triplane strain rate imaging is feasible for the quantification of left atrial function in normal subjects.
ABSTRACT
AIM: Test the character of Electrooculogram (EOG) in normal subjects so as to obtain reference values.METHODS: By using Vision Monitor visual evoked response imaging system, the EOG was recorded on 60 normal subjects (73 eyes).RESULTS: EOG under the condition of normal pupil was recorded in normal subjects according to ISCVE standard. The dark trough potential was (701.8±265.1)μV, the light peak potential was (1255.0±447.7)μV, the Arden ratio (light peak /dark trough ratio)was 180%±21%.CONCLUSION: Our study reflected the spatial characteristics of electrooculogram in normal subjects,provided reliable normal reference values for clinical research.
ABSTRACT
Objective To study the expression of ILD patients and health men during exercise,furthermore provide the reference of application of exercise test in ILD.Methods Cycle exercise test was used in 36 patients with ILD and 20 normal subjects,The oxygen uptake per minute(VO2),Borg Scale(BS),SpO2,and other index of exercise test were detected.Results Compared with normal subjects,The VO2max in ILD patients was decrease markedly;The BS was increased,SpO2 decreased markedly during exercise.Conclusions The results indicate that the hypoxemia and dyspnea are the limited factors of exercise in the patients with ILD;The capacity of exercise in ILD decrease compare with normal subjects.
ABSTRACT
0.05).Significant difference was seen in the thickness of RNFL at different scanning diameters(P
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The primitive reflexes such as palmomental, glabella, snout, nuchocephalic reflexes may appear in a variety of diseases of the central nervous system. In this study, we investigated the frequencies of these primitive reflexes in the healthy elderly Korean population that have never been studied before. METHODS: Randomly selected 103 vol-unteers aged older than 60 years were examined by neurologists with a systemic neurological examination which included primitive reflexes and by radiologists with neuroimaging. Seven subjects were excluded from the study due to abnormal findings in the MRI of one subject and unusual neurological signs in 6 subjects. RESULTS: The overall mean age of the subjects was 66.5 years. One or more of the primitive reflexes were seen in 26 (24.9%) subjects. Eighteen (17.2%) subjects showed the palmomental reflex; eleven (10.5%) subjects showed the glabella reflex; five (4.8%) sub-jects showed the snout reflex; and one (1.0%) subject showed the nuchocephalic reflex. One subject had palmomental, glabella as well as snout reflexes, and five subjects had two primitive reflexes at the same time. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the normal findings from the neurological examinations and neuroimaging, 24.9% of healthy aged people had one or more primitive reflexes. The presence of these primitive reflexes as an isolated phenomenon may not imply brain lesions. (J Korean Neurol Assoc 19(4):380~383, 2001)
Subject(s)
Aged , Humans , Brain , Central Nervous System , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Neuroimaging , Neurologic Examination , ReflexABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: The concern about auditory verbal imagery has increased due to its possible relationship with auditory hallucinations. The research on auditory hallucinations was activated in accordance with the advance of neurophysiologic and functional neuroimaging studies, and the relationship between auditory verbal imagery and auditory hallucination was also investigated with neuroscientific methods. In particular, the group of neuropsychiatrists who insisted that auditory hallucination results from the abnormality of self monitoring systems has attempted to document the relationship between auditory verbal imagery and auditory hallucination using brain activation studies. Most auditory hallucinations are derogatory in content and accompany negative emotions. If auditory verbal imagery plays an important role in the pathogenesis of auditory hallucination, then it must be influenced by negative emotions. This study was aimed to examine the hypotheses that negative emotions have influence on cortical activity provoked by auditory verbal imagery and that the area which is influenced by negative emotions is where it is regarded to be related to either auditory hallucinations or self monitoring systems. METHOD: To examine these hypotheses, quantitative electroencephalography (Q-EEG) was applied during the auditory verbal imagery tasks using a two word list. The one word list accompanied negative emotion and the other accompanied neutral emotions, and they were suggested to the subject via computer monitor system. Total 18 right handed normal subjects(11 male subjects and 7 female subjects) were enrolled. RESULTS: The difference of EEG amplitude between during the baseline task and during auditory verbal imagery task using neutral word list: there were no significant difference in all electrode and all alpha, beta, theta, and delta frequency bands. The difference of EEG amplitude between during the baseline task and during auditory verbal imagery task using negative word list: In alpha frequency band, the EEG amplitude was increased in bilateral parietal, bilateral posterior temporal and bilateral occipital area. In beta frequency band, the EEG amplitude increased in bilateral parietal, bilateral occipital and left posterior temporal area. In theta frequency band, the EEG amplitude increased in TT2, T5, T6. In delta frequency band, there were no significant differences. The difference of EEG amplitude between during the two auditory verbal imagery tasks using negative word list and neutral word list: In alpha frequency band, there was an increasing trend in TT1 and a decreasing trend in frontal area including F4 during the negative auditory verbal imagery in EEG amplitude, although statistically not significant. In beta frequency band, EEG amplitude was increased in temporal area such as TCP1. In addition, there was an increasing trend in T5 in EEG amplitude, although statistically not significant. In theta frequency band, the EEG amplitude was decreased in the right hemisphere areas such as FP2, F4, C4, CP2, P4. In delta frequency band, there were no significant differences. CONCLUSION: In summarizing the above results, left temporal area was more activated during auditory verbal imagery using negative word list than using neutral word list. Left temporal area is known to play an important role in self monitoring systems and left temporal abnormality has been observed in schizophrenic patients in many studies. According to the above results, during auditory verbal imagery with negative emotion, more activation in left temporal area is necessary, but that may not achieved in schizophrenia patients. So, the possibility that the resultant disturbance of self monitoring system may be related to auditory hallucination is suggested in this study.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Brain , Electrodes , Electroencephalography , Functional Neuroimaging , Hallucinations , Hand , Rabeprazole , SchizophreniaABSTRACT
Central 30-2 threshold tests were performed in 124 eyes of 62 normal subjects with Humphrey Field Analyzer. The average value of foveal threshold, mean deviation(MD), pattern standard deviation(PSD), shor-term fluctuation(SF) and corrected pattern standard deviation(CPSD) were 34.3+/-2.6dB, -1.96+/-1.31dB, 2.25+/-0.88dB, 1.38+/-0.52dB and 1.41+/-1.10dB, respectively. The frequency of abnormal value on automated perimetry(p<5%) was 25.5% in foveal threshold and 19.1% in MD, which was higher than fundamental data of perimetry. As the age increased, foveal threshold decreased (r=-0.729), PSD and CPSD increased (r=0.422) and 0.385, respectively) ; these are statistically significant correlations(p<0.05). This study has the limitation that test was performed on single session and had small study group. Therefore, further study is needed with comparative analysis following repeated test and larger group of visual field examination.
Subject(s)
Visual Field Tests , Visual FieldsABSTRACT
0. 05) The above results show that TFH canstrengthen myocardial contractility and pumpfunction of the heart, reduce total peripheral vas-cular resistance and increase vascular clasticity innormal subjects