ABSTRACT
Background: Patients diagnosed with cancer are usually exposed to high level of mental stress and hence invariably lend in psychological distress. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of psychological distress amongst cancer patients and determine its association with socio-demographic factors. Methods: This hospital based cross-sectional study was conducted at a cancer research institute of district Dehradun. Purposive sampling was used to select the hospital and recruiting patients. All eligible patients, giving written consent for the study were interviewed and distress related information was gathered using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). The data were collected for two months and sample size of 208 was achieved. Data was entered in SPSS 22.0 and association of different variables with psychological distress was determined by chi-square test.. Results: The mean age of the surveyed cancer patients was 51.05±15.68 years and the male female ratio was 1.7. Prevalence of psychological distress was found to be 38.5% and significantly more female patients than male patients (47.4% and 33.3% respectively) had distress. The association between psychological distress and increasing age, sex, literacy and employment status was found to be significant. Conclusions: Approximately 39% of cancer patients had psychological distress (anxiety/ depression/ both). The prevalence of psychological distress was found to be significantly higher in female patients, older age, patients with no formal education, unemployment and lower socio-economic status. Appropriate psychiatric interventions/ counselling following diagnosis and during therapy may be effective in reducing distress and improving quality of life in cancer patients.
ABSTRACT
The present study was conducted to evaluate the spontaneous ADR monitoring in a tertiary care hospital. A total of 150 ADRs reports were collected. The WHO definition of an ADR was adopted. Evaluation of the data was done for various parameters which included types, severity and seriousness of reactions. Naranjo score was used for causality assessment. Overall occurrence of ADRs was more in males. Type A reactions (77%) accounted for majority of the reports. Gastrointestinal system (33%) was the most commonly affected organ system. Antibiotics (32%) were the drug class most commonly involved in ADRs. The suspected drug was withdrawn for the management of the ADR in the majority (82%) of the reports. Upon causality assessment, majority of the ADRs were rated as possible (64%). Mild and moderate reactions accounted for 23 and 65% of ADRs, respectively. The pattern of ADRs reported in our hospital is comparable with the results of studies conducted in hospital set up elsewhere, although there are few differences. Our evaluations revealed opportunities for interventions especially for the preventable ADRs to ensure safer drug use.
ABSTRACT
Introduction: Knowledge of the normal and variant anatomy and anomalies of coronary circulation is definitely a crucial component in the management of heart diseases. Complex cardiac surgical repairs demand enhanced understanding of the basic anatomy to improve the operative Outcomes Material and methods: The present study was planned by Department of Anatomy and was executed in collaboration with Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology during 2010 to 2014 at a tertiary care teaching hospital located in western Uttar Pradesh. The angiographic data of 5,532 patients who underwent coronary angiography were considered for anomalous origin of the left circumflex coronary artery (LCx). Results: The incidence of anomalous origin of the LCx was found to be 0.36%. The LCx arose from the left coronary sinus of valsalva (there was separate orifice for the LCx and the left anterior descending coronary artery) in 45.0% patients, from the right coronary sinus of valsalva, (there was a separate orifice for the LCx and the right coronary artery) in 25.0% patients, from the proximal part of right coronary artery in 30.0% patients. Conclusion: On the basis of findings of the current study it can be concluded that, the anomalous origin of the LCx may not be benign all the time. In case where ischemia does not resolve accurately after successful treatment of a coronary stenosis, anomalous coronary arteries must be considered.
ABSTRACT
Background & objectives: The population of elderly is growing globally and so are the physical illnesses and psychiatric morbidity. This study was planned to assess the prevalence and patterns of psychiatric morbidity amongst rural older adults in Lucknow, north India. Methods: A survey was conducted in subjects aged 60 yr and above to identify the cases of psychiatric morbidity in rural population from randomly selected two revenue blocks of Lucknow district, Uttar Pradesh, India. All subjects were screened through Hindi Mental Status Examination (HMSE) and Survey Psychiatric Assessment Schedule (SPAS) to identify for the suspected cases of cognitive and the psychiatric disorders, respectively. The subjects screened positive on HMSE and SPAS were assessed in detail on Cambridge Mental Disorder of the Elderly Examination-Revised (CAMDEX-R) and Schedule for Clinical Assessment in Neuropsychiatry (SCAN), to diagnose cognitive disorders and psychiatric disorders (other than the cognitive), respectively on the basis of International Classification of Diseases-10 (ICD-10) diagnostic guidelines. Results: The overall prevalence of psychiatric morbidity in rural older adults was found to be 23.7 per cent (95% CI=21.89-25.53). Mood (affective) disorders were the commonest (7.6%, 95% CI=6.51-8.80), followed by mild cognitive impairment (4.6%, 95% CI=3.72-5.53), mental and behavioural disorders due to substance use (4.0%, 95% CI=3.17-4.87) and dementia (2.8%) [Alzheimer’s disease (2.4%, 95% CI=1.81-3.16) and vascular (0.4%, 95% CI=0.16-0.73)]. Interpretation & conclusions: Overall prevalence of psychiatric morbidity amongst rural elderly in this study was found to be less in comparison to those reported in earlier studies from India. However, prevalence pattern of different disorders was found to be similar. Therefore, it appears that a stringent methodology, refined case criteria for diagnosis and assessment by trained professionals restrict false diagnosis.