Percepção tátil e visual no aumento de radix com cartilagem fragmentada livre na rinoplastia / Tactile and visual perception in radix augmentation with free fragmented cartilage in rhinoplasty

Introdução: A correção da relação radix dorso nasal é realizada há vários anos utilizando as mais variadas técnicas como enxerto de cartilagem auricular, septal ou costal, preenchimento com ácido hialurônico, uso de fáscia e enxertos e uso de cartilagem picada em cubo, silicone e ácido hialurônico. O uso de cartilagem fragmentada é descrito na literatura e tem ganhado adeptos nos últimos anos, pela facilidade em ser realizado. O objetivo neste estudo é descrever nossa experiência com a utilização do enxerto de cartilagem fragmentado no aumento do radix comparando a percepção visual e tátil do paciente e sua satisfação. Método: Estudo observacional em pacientes submetidos a rinoplastia no período de janeiro 2018 a junho de 2022, em cirurgias nas quais ocorreu o aumento de radix com o uso de enxerto de cartilagem picada. Resultados: Dos 47 pacientes, a maioria era do sexo feminino (35, 74,4%), com média de idade de 34,6 anos (18-44). Quanto ao tipo de pele, Fitzpatrick tipo 3 (n=28, 59,5%) foi o principal, sendo encontrado frequentemente pacientes com pele de média espessura (n=23, 48,9%). Complicações presentes foram infecção (1 caso), migração de cartilagem picada (3 casos), e reabsorção parcial (1 caso). Na avaliação da percepção tátil 42 pacientes (89,3%) percebiam, à palpação, as proeminências cartilaginosas e na visual apenas 2 (4%). A satisfação foi elevada em 45 (96%) pacientes. Conclusão: A cartilagem picada livre pode ser utilizada na região do radix com resultados satisfatórios.

Introduction: Correction of the nasal radix dorsum relationship has been carried out for several years using the most varied techniques such as auricular, septal, or costal cartilage grafts, filling with hyaluronic acid, use of fascia and grafts and the use of diced cartilage, silicone, and hyaluronic acid. The use of fragmented cartilage is described in the literature and has gained popularity in recent years, due to its ease of use. The objective of this study is to describe our experience with the use of fragmented cartilage graft in radix augmentation, comparing the patient's visual and tactile perception and satisfaction. Method: Observational study in patients undergoing rhinoplasty from January 2018 to June 2022, in surgeries in which the radix was increased with the use of minced cartilage graft. Results: Of the 47 patients, the majority were female (35, 74.4%), with a mean age of 34.6 years (18-44). As for skin type, Fitzpatrick type 3 (n=28, 59.5%) was the main one, with patients with medium-thickness skin being frequently found (n=23, 48.9%). Complications present were infection (1 case), migration of chopped cartilage (3 cases), and partial resorption (1 case). In the assessment of tactile perception, 42 patients (89.3%) perceived cartilaginous prominences on palpation and only 2 (4%) visually. Satisfaction was high in 45 (96%) patients. Conclusion: Free minced cartilage can be used in the radix region with satisfactory results.

Incidence of nasal pressure injury in preterm infants on nasal mask noninvasive ventilation / Incidência de lesão por pressão nasal em prematuros em ventilação não invasiva com máscara nasal

ABSTRACT Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence of nasal injury in preterm newborns (NB) using the Neonatal Skin Condition Score within 7 days of noninvasive ventilation (NIV) and to compare the incidence of injury in NB weighing ≥1,000 g and those weighing <1,000 g at the time of initiation of NIV support. Methods This is a prospective, observational study carried out in a neonatal intensive care unit of a public hospital in Rio Grande do Sul from July 2016 to January 2021. Patients were stratified into two groups at the time of NIV initiation: group 1 (weight ≥1,000 g) and group 2 (weight <1,000 g). To assess the condition of nasal injury, a rating scale called the Neonatal Skin Condition Score was applied during the first seven consecutive days on NIV. Kaplan-Meier, log-rank test, and Cox proportional hazards regression were used to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Results In total, 184 NB were evaluated. Nasal injury was reported in 55 (30%) NB. The risk of nasal injury was 74% higher in group 2 (19/45) than in group 1 (36/139) (HR: 1.74; 95%CI 0.99-3.03, p=0.048). Conclusion The incidence of nasal injury in infants submitted to NIV by nasal mask was high, and the risk of this injury was greater in preterm infants weighing <1,000 g.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a incidência de lesão por pressão nasal em recém-nascidos (RN) pré-termos usando a Escala de Condição da Pele do Recém-Nascido durante sete dias de ventilação não invasiva (VNI) e comparar a incidência em RN ≥N.000 g e aqueles <1.000 g ao início da VNI. Métodos: Estudo observacional prospectivo realizado em uma Unidade Neonatal de Terapia Intensiva de um hospital público do Rio Grande do Sul, no período de julho de 2016 a janeiro de 2021. Os RN prematuros foram estratificados em dois grupos no momento do início da VNI: Grupo 1 (1u.000 g) e Grupo 2 (<1.000 g). O Neonatal Skin Condition Score foi aplicado durante os primeiros sete dias consecutivos de VNI. Curvas de Kaplan-Meier e teste Log-Rank e regressão de riscos proporcionais de Cox foram utilizados para estimar a razão de risco (HR) e intervalo de confiança (IC) de 95%. Resultados: Foram avaliados 184 RN. A lesão nasal foi relatada em 55 (30%) deles. O risco de lesão nasal foi 74% maior no Grupo 2 (n=19 em 45) do que no Grupo 1 (n=36 em 139) (HR=1,74; IC95% 0,99-3,03; p=0,048). Conclusão: A incidência de lesão nasal em neonatos submetidos à VNI por máscara nasal foi alta, e o risco dessa lesão foi maior em RN com peso <1.000 g.

Paramedian forehead flap in the treatment of nasal, non-melanoma skin cancer: a cross-sectional study / Retalho frontal paramediano no tratamento do câncer de pele não-melanoma de nariz: um estudo transversal

ABSTRACT Introduction: nose is the central point of the face and vulnerable to the occurence of non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC), impacting on appearance. The paramedian forehead flap (PMFF) is considered the best option to treat extensive nasal defects. The objective of this study is to present the experience on PMFF for nasal reconstruction in the treatment of NMSC of a cancer referral center. Methods: retrospective study was carried out through data from medical records of patients who underwent nasal reconstruction with PMFF due to NMSC at the Cancer Institute of the State of São Paulo (ICESP). Results: 111 patients were identified, mostly ederly, with comorbidities and on initial tumors (T1 and T2). Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) was the predominant histological type. Dorsum and tip were the most affected subunitis. In addition to skin coverage, reconstruction of the lining and structural framework was also performed in half of the cases. Second intention healing was the technique of choice in closing the donor area. Pedicle division ocurred predominantly in the second operation and the median time to complete reconstruction was 6 months. There were low complication rates. Conclusions: the PMFF is safe and effective to treat nose NMSC, even in cases of high complexity. Since the treatment time can be prolonged and impact on quality of life, it is essential to emphasize and discuss this aspect with the patients before surgery.

RESUMO Introdução: o nariz é o ponto central da face e vulnerável à ocorrência de câncer de pele não-melanoma (CPNM), com impacto potencial na aparência. O retalho frontal paramediano (RFPM) é considerado a melhor opção para o tratamento de defeitos extensos no nariz. O objetivo deste estudo é apresentar a experiência de um centro oncológico de referência no uso de RFPM para reconstrução nasal no tratamento do CPNM. Métodos: estudo retrospectivo foi desenvolvido através do levantamento de dados de prontuário de pacientes submetidos à reconstrução nasal com RFPM devido à CPNM no Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo (ICESP). Resultados: 111 pacientes foram identificados, a maioria idosos, com comorbidades e portadores de tumores iniciais (T1 e T2). O carcinoma basocelular (CBC) foi o tipo histológico predominante. Dorso e ponta foram as subunidades mais acometidas. Além da cobertura cutânea, em metade dos casos foi realizada também a reconstrução do forro ou arcabouço do nariz. Cicatrização por segunda intenção foi a técnica de escolha no fechamento da área doadora. A liberação do pedículo foi realizada predominantemente no segundo tempo cirúrgico e o tempo para finalização do tratamento teve mediana de 6 meses. Houve baixa taxa de complicações. Conclusões: o RFPM é seguro e eficaz no tratamento do CPNM nasal, mesmo em casos de elevada complexidade. O tempo total de tratamento pode ser prolongado e impactar na qualidade de vida, sendo fundamental enfatizar e discutir este aspecto com o paciente antes da cirurgia.

Resultados posoperatorios de cierre quirúrgico de perforación septal con injertos de cartílago / Surgical outcomes of nasal septal perforation repair with cartilage grafts

Introducción: las perforaciones septales y su corrección quirúrgica constituyen un reto para los otorrinolaringólogos. En la literatura se describen diferentes técnicas para el cierre de las perforaciones septales; sin embargo, sus resultados en términos de efectividad son muy variables y con pocos pacientes. Desde hace 8 años se viene realizando la técnica de cierre de perforación septal con injertos de cartílago en el servicio de otorrinolaringología del Hospital de San José, y se ha observado una respuesta clínica exitosa. El objetivo del presente estudio fue describir los resultados posoperatorios de los pacientes manejados con la técnica de cierre quirúrgico de perforación septal con injertos de cartílago, en términos de aparición de complicaciones y frecuencia de perforación septal residual. Materiales y métodos: mediante un estudio de cohorte descriptiva se presentan los pacientes manejados con la técnica de cierre quirúrgico de perforación septal con injertos de cartílago de banco o cartílago autólogo. Se incluyen pacientes a partir enero de 2014 a junio 2018. De la historia clínica se extrajeron los datos demográficos, clínicos, complicaciones y presentación de perforación septal residual. Resultados: la tasa de éxito de cierre de perforación septal fue de 78,3 %; siendo las etiologías más frecuentes antecedente de cirugía e idiopática. La complicación más común fue epistaxis en el 26 % de los pacientes, seguida de dolor en el 21,7 % en el posoperatorio mediato, el cual mejoró en los controles posteriores. Conclusión: los resultados con la técnica de cierre de perforación septal con injerto de banco fueron satisfactorios en esta población.

Introduction: septal perforations and surgical correction are a challenge for ENT specialists. Several techniques for closing septal perforations are described in the literature; however, its results in terms of effectiveness are variable and with small sample sizes. The technique of closure of septal perforation with cartilage grafts has been performed for 8 years in the ENT department of Hospital de San José with a successful clinical response. Aims: to describe the postoperative results of patients managed with the technique of surgical closure of septal perforation with cartilage grafts, in terms of complications and frequency of residual septal perforation. Design: descriptive cohort study. Methods: a cohort of patients managed with the surgical closure technique of septal perforation with grafts of bank cartilage or autologous cartilage are described. Patients were included from January 2014 to June 2018. Demographic, clinical data, complications and presentation of residual septal perforation were extracted from the clinical history. Results: The success rate of septal perforation closure was 78.3 %; being the most frequent etiologies antecedent of surgery and idiopathic. The most common complication was epistaxis in 26 % of patients, followed by pain in 21.7 % in the postoperative period, which improved in subsequent controls. Conclusion: the results with the technique of closure of septal perforation with bank grafting were satisfactory in this population.

Caracterización de los pacientes con defectos bucomaxilofaciales atendidos en el Policlínico Universitario Julio Antonio Mella / Characterization of the patients with oral-maxillofacial defects attended in the University Polyclinic Julio Antonio Mella

RESUMEN Fundamento: las lesiones del macizo cráneofacial existen desde la evolución misma del hombre, lo que ha traído por consiguiente la necesidad de crear medios para enmascarar los defectos o restaurar el órgano perdido. Objetivo: caracterizar los pacientes con defectos bocomaxilofacial. Métodos: se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal desde enero del 2015 hasta mayo de 2018 en pacientes con defectos bucomaxilofaciales atendidos en el departamento de prótesis estomatológica del Policlínico Universitario Julio Antonio Mella de la Provincia Camagüey. El universo lo constituyeron 13 pacientes mayores de 20 años de edad de ambos sexos remitidos del Hospital Universitario Manuel Ascunce Domenech y Hospital Provincial Docente Oncológico María Curie. Resultados: respecto a los pacientes con defectos maxilofaciales rehabilitados según edad y sexo, fue más frecuente el sexo masculino y el grupo de 60 a 79 años. Según tipo y causa del defecto, fue superior el nasal y la oncológica con siete pacientes. Según tipo de defecto bucomaxilofacial y experiencia protésica, primó el defecto nasal, así como la experiencia protésica favorable en ocho pacientes. Conclusiones: los pacientes masculinos predominaron, junto con los mayores de 60 años. Los defectos bucomaxilofaciales más rehabilitados fueron los nasales y de origen oncológicos. Hubo un alto índice de experiencia favorable con el uso de las prótesis.

ABSTRACT Background: the injuries of the solid craniofacial exist from evolution of the man, which has brought therefore the need to create means to mask defects or to restore the lost organ. Objective: to characterize the patients with oral-maxillofacial defects. Methods: an observational, descriptive and transverse study was carried out from January, 2015 to May, 2018, in patients with oral-maxillofacial defects attended in the department dentistry prosthesis of the University Polyclinic Julio Antonio Mella of the city of Camagüey. The universe was constituted by 13 patients older than 20 years of age of both sexes cross-referred of the University Hospital Manuel Ascunce Domenech and Provincial University Oncological Hospital María Curie. Results: in relation to the patients with maxillofacial defects rehabilitated according to age and sex, prevailed the group 60 to 79 years, as well as the masculine sex. According to type and etiology of the defect, the nasal and the oncological was a superior with 7 patients respectively. According to type of defect oral-maxillofacial and prosthetic experience, the type of nasal defect had priority as well as the prosthetic favorable experience in 8 patients. Conclusions: the masculine patients predominated along with the older than 60 years old. The oral-maxillofacial defects most rehabilitated were the nasal and those of oncological causes. There was a tall index of favorable experience with the use of the prostheses.

Comparative Analysis of Endonasal Lateral Osteotomy and Percutaneous Lateral Osteotomy in Patients with Deviated Nose / 대한이비인후과학회지

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of percutaneous and endonasal lateral osteotomy for the correction of deviated nose. SUBJECTS AND METHOD: Medical records of 60 patients who underwent rhinoplasty to correct deviated nose were reviewed retrospectively. Patients with unilateral osteotomy, revision rhinoplasty, spreader graft, or who had no preoperative or postoperative photos were excluded from the study. The patients were categorized into two groups, which either had C-shaped deviation or I-shaped deviation. Preoperative and postoperative deviation angles were measured and their differences were analyzed according to the approach methods. RESULTS: In the percutaneous approach group, 26 patients had C-shaped deviation and 10 patients had I-shaped deviation, whereas in the endonasal approach group, 17 patients had C-shaped deviation and 7 patients had I-shaped deviation. In the percutaneous approach, the deviation angle was statistically improved in the C-shaped deviation, but in the endonasal approach, it was statistically improved in the C-shaped and I-shaped deviation after surgery. In the C-shaped deviation, the average degrees of improvement of percutaneous and endonasal approach were 5.2°±3.6° and 7.9°±5.3°, respectively, which showed significant difference. However, in the I-shaped deviation, the average degrees of improvement of percutaneous and endonasal approach were 2.9°±1.3° and 2.9°±1.0°, respectively, with no significant difference. CONCLUSION: The improvement of deviation angle following osteotomy may be different according to the approach methods for deviated nose. Endonasal approach was more suitable than percutaneous approach in the correction of I-shaped deviated nose.

Resultados postoperatorios de cierre quirúrgico de perforación septal con injertos de cartílago / Surgical outcome of nasal septal perforation repair with cartilage grafts

Introducción: las perforaciones septales y su corrección quirúrgica constituyen un reto para los otorrinolaringólogos. Se encuentran descritas en la literatura diferentes técnicas para el cierre de las perforaciones septales; sin embargo, sus resultados en términos de efectividad son muy variables y con pocos pacientes. Desde hace 8 años se viene realizando la técnica de cierre de perforación septal con injertos de cartílago en el servicio de otorrinolaringología del Hospital San José y se ha observado una respuesta clínica exitosa. Objetivo: describir los resultados postoperatorios de los pacientes manejados con la técnica de cierre quirúrgico de perforación septal con injertos de cartílago, en términos de aparición de complicaciones y frecuencia de perforación septal residual. Diseño: estudio de tipo cohorte descriptiva. Metodología: se describe una cohorte de pacientes manejados con la técnica de cierre quirúrgico de perforación septal con injertos de cartílago de banco o cartílago autólogo. Se incluyeron pacientes a partir de enero de 2014 a junio de 2018. Se extrajeron de la historia clínica los datos demográficos, clínicos, complicaciones y presentación de perforación septal residual. Resultados: la tasa de éxito de cierre de perforación septal fue de 78,3 %; siendo las etiologías más frecuentes antecedente de cirugía e idiopática. La complicación más común fue epistaxis en el 26 % de los pacientes, seguida de dolor en el 21,7 % en el postoperatorio mediato, el cual mejoró en los controles posteriores. Conclusión: los resultados con la técnica de cierre de perforación septal con injerto de banco fueron satisfactorios en esta población.

Introduction: septal perforations and surgical correction are a challenge for ENT specialists. Several techniques for closing septal perforations are described in the literature; however, its results in terms of effectiveness are very variable and with small sample sizes. The technique of closure of septal perforation with cartilage grafts has been performed for 8 years in the ENT department of San José Hospital with a successful clinical response. Aims: to describe the postoperative results of patients managed with the technique of surgical closure of septal perforation with cartilage grafts, in terms of complications and frequency of residual septal perforation. Design: descriptive cohort study. Methods: a cohort of patients managed with the surgical closure technique of septal perforation with grafts of bank cartilage or autologous cartilage are descrived. Patients were included from January 2014 to June 2018. Demographic, clinical data, complications and presentation of residual septal perforation were extracted from the clinical history Results: The success rate of septal perforation closure was 78.3%; being the most frequent etiologies antecedent of surgery and idiopathic. The most common complication was epistaxis in 26% of patients, followed by pain in 21.7% in the postoperative period, which improved in subsequent controls. Conclusion: the results with the technique of closure of septal perforation with bank grafting were satisfactory in this population.

Avaliação da modificação da técnica de reconstrução das cartilagens alares de Max Pereira no protocolo de reconstrução nasal total do Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre / Evaluation of Max Pereira alar reconstruction technique modification in the total nasal reconstruction protocol of the Hospital of Clinics of Porto Alegre

Introdução: A reconstrução nasal é a mais antiga das cirurgias plásticas. A anatomia nasal é complexa e necessita de uma associação de técnicas para a restauração da função e estética nasal adequada. Pereira et al. descreveram uma técnica que possibilita a reconstrução nasal total da cartilagem alar, com o uso de um enxerto da cartilagem auricular, com mínima deformidade auricular secundária à retirada do enxerto. O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar uma modificação da técnica acima descrita, que possibilita reconstruir mais uma região anatômica do nariz, sem aumentar a morbidade, realizada por Collares et al., e a sua inserção no protocolo de reconstrução nasal total do Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre. Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo retrospectivo. Avaliou-se a inserção da modificação da técnica em 10 pacientes que realizaram reconstrução nasal total. Resultados: Após a análise dos 10 casos, utilizando a modificação da técnica inserida no protocolo de reconstrução nasal total do Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, encontramos uma melhoria da forma do nariz, a válvula nasal interna com preservação da função e sem sequelas secundárias à retirada do enxerto auricular. Conclusão: Nesta série de casos, a modificação da técnica de Max Pereira resultou em tratamento estético funcional adequado quando implementada no protocolo de reconstrução nasal total do Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, sem aumentar a morbidade na área doadora.

Introduction: Nasal reconstruction is the oldest plastic surgery technique. The nasal anatomy is complex and requires an association of techniques for the restoration of function and adequate nasal esthetics. Pereira et al. described a technique that allows total nasal reconstruction of the alar cartilage through the use of an auricular cartilage graft, with minimal deformity secondary to the donor site. The objective of the present study is to present a modification, by Collares et al., of the technique described above, which allows the reconstruction of another anatomical region of the nose without increasing morbidity, and its insertion into the total nasal reconstruction protocol of Hospital de Clínicas of Porto Alegre. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted. We evaluated technique modification in 10 patients who underwent total nasal reconstructions. Results: After examining the 10 patients who were treated with the modified total nasal reconstruction protocol at the Hospital de Clínicas of Porto Alegre, we observed an improvement in the nose shape and internal nasal valve with preservation of function, without sequelae secondary to auricular graft removal. Conclusion: In this case series, the modification of the Max Pereira technique resulted in adequate aestheticfunctional treatment when implemented in the total nasal reconstruction protocol of the Hospital de Clínicas of Porto Alegre, without increasing the morbidity in the donor area.

Alar Rim Composite Graft: A Safe and Simple Way to Correct Alar Retraction

BACKGROUND: The alar rim is a complex structure that ensures the competence of the external valves and the patency of inlets to the nasal airways. Retraction of the alar rim is caused by congenital malpositioning, hypoplasia, or surgical weakening of the lateral crura, with the potential for both functional and aesthetic ramifications. Most previously introduced procedures involved a relatively long operation time and relatively high risks of surgical complications. The purpose of this study is to introduce a novel surgical technique for alar rim connection and to present its results. METHODS: After marking the extent of the correction, the recipient alar bed was created by making an incision through the vestibular skin 2-mm cephalad to the rim. Then, the composite graft was harvested from the cymba concha by removing the cartilage with its adherent anterior skin. According to the degree of retraction, the harvested composite graft was divided into 2 pieces considering the symmetry of both alar rims. The composite grafts were inserted into the defects and primary closure was done at the donor site. RESULTS: Our surgical technique was used to correct 12 retracted alar rims in 6 patients. Caudal advancement of the alar rims was observed and the contour of the ala was corrected in all 6 patients. The mean length of follow-up was 1-year, and there were no postoperative complications, such as graft loss or disruption. CONCLUSIONS: The alar rim composite graft is a safe and simple technique for correction of short nostril and caudal transposition of the retracted alar rim.

Complex nasal reconstruction after paracoccidioidomycosis infection - Case report

Paracoccidioidomycosis is an infectious disease whose etiological agent belongs to the Paracoccidioides genus. Although it affects primarily the lungs, it can spread to other tissues, including the skin and mucous membranes. Despite the clinical treatment for this disease, scarring can produce sequelae, manifesting as anatomical and functional deformities of the face. We present a case of extensive, nasal unaesthetic and functional sequelae resulting from paracoccidioidomycosis, reconstructed using the paramedian forehead flap in three stages, through the regional unit principles.

Injertos en rinoplastia primaria tallados del dorso cartilaginoso / Cartilaginous dorsum grafts for primary rhinoplasty

Introducción: El uso de injertos autólogos de cartílago en rinoplastia primaria se encuentra reportado ampliamente en la literatura, al igual que los diferentes sitios donantes de donde se pueden obtener. En el presente artículo se propone el uso del dorso cartilaginoso como sitio donante para tallar injertos de cartílago, siendo esta, una opción diferente y eficaz para la corrección de diversas deformidades nasales. Objetivo: Reportar la experiencia con el uso de cartilago del dorso cartilaginoso como fuente de material autólogo suficiente y adecuado para injertos en rinoplastia primaria. Diseño: Reporte de caso. Materiales y métodos: Descripción detallada de caso clínico, planeamiento y técnica quirúrgica del autor principal. Resultados: Paciente de 23 años de edad, género femenino con giba dorsal prominente y una punta nasal ptosica. Al examen estético nasal se encuentra una giba de tipo osteocartilaginosa, con la punta nasal con pobre definición, subproyectada e hiporotada. Se realizó el procedimiento quirúrgico corrigiendo exitosamente las deformidades nasales obteniendo una paciente satisfecha. Conclusiones: Es posible aprovechar el cartílago disponible en pacientes que presentan una giba cartilaginosa y requieren injertos para la corrección de las deformidades nasales, evidenciando beneficios como evitar incisiones adicionales o la preservación del cartílago septal y auricular.

Introduction: The use of autologous cartilage grafts in primary rhinoplasty is widely reported in the literature, as well as the different donor sites. In the present article the use of cartilaginous dorsum as donor site is proposed to carve grafts cartilage, this proposal is a different and effective option for correction of various nasal deformities. Objective: To report the experience with the use of cartilaginous dorsum as a source of sufficient and suitable autologous grafts in primary rhinoplasty. Design: Case report. Methodology: Detailed description of a clinical case, planning and surgical technique of the experienced lead author. Results: Female 23 year old patient with a prominent dorsal hump and ptotic nasal tip. In the aesthetic nasal examination there is a cartilaginous hump, with poorly nasal tip definition, sub-projected and underrotated nasal tip. The surgical procedure was successfully performed with correcting nasal deformities and obtaining a satisfied patient. Conclusions: It is feasible to use cartilage available in patients with a cartilaginous hump and that require grafting for correction of nasal deformities, showing benefits such as avoiding additional incisions or preserving the septal and aural cartilage.

Comparación del manejo temprano versus tardio en pacientes con trauma nasal / Comparison of early treatment versus late treatment in patients with nasal trauma

Objetivo: Determinar si en pacientes con trauma facial que requieren tratamiento quirúrgico, el manejo tardío de la fractura nasal ofrece porcentajes de éxito diferentes a los ofrecidos por el manejo temprano. Diseño: Estudio tipo cohorte histórica (cohorte retrospectiva). Metodología: Se incluyeron todos los pacientes sometidos a intervención quirúrgica por fractura nasal debido a trauma de guerra. Los pacientes se asignaron a dos grupos de investigación. Grupo I, aquellos que recibieron cirugía temprana y Grupo II aquellos pacientes que recibieron tratamiento luego de tres semanas del trauma. Se calculó un tamaño de muestra de 55 pacientes por grupo. Los pacientes fueron evaluados clínicamente de forma ciega por dos especialistas para determinarl éxito o fracaso quirúrgico. Resultados: Se revisó los registros de historias clínicas de 175 pacientes asistentes al Hospital Militar Central que cumplieron criterios de inclusión, de estos, 32 fueron excluidos y 21 fueron asignados a una prueba piloto inicial. Se analizaron 122 pacientes en total divididos en dos grupos, Grupo I (n=67) y Grupo II (n=55). Evaluación ciega con una alta concordancia interevaluador (kappa =0.98). Se comparó la proporción de éxito quirúrgico entre los dos grupos sin encontrar diferencias estadísticamente significativas (chi 2 Pearson p=0.97). Conclusión: En el contexto del trauma de guerra, la decisión de llevar a un paciente de trauma nasal a un manejo de forma temprana o tardía dependerá de muchos factores inherentes al conflicto armado. La oportunidad en el manejo quirúrgico según los hallazgos del presente estudio, no interviene en la probabilidad de éxito quirúrgico.

Objective: To determine whether patients with facial trauma requiring surgical treatment, late nasal fracture management provides success rates different to those offered by earlier operation. Study design: Historical cohort study (retrospective cohort). Methodology: All patients undergoing surgery for nasal fracture due to war trauma were included. Patients were assigned to one of two groups. Group I, those who received early surgery and Group II those patients who received treatment after three weeks of trauma. A sample size of 55 patients per group was calculated. The evaluation was blind by two service specialists to determine failure or success of the surgery. Results: 175 medical records of patients attending the Central Military Hospital who met inclusion criteria were reviewed. Of these, 32 were excluded and 21 were assigned to an initial pilot study. A total of 122 patients divided in two groups; Group I (n=67) and Group II (n=55) were analyzed. Two raters evaluated the subjects blindly with a high concordance inter-rater (kappa = 0.98). The proportion of surgical success between the two groups was compared; we found no statistically significant difference between the two groups (Pearson chi 2 p = 0.97). Conclusion: In the context of the trauma of war, the decision to refer a patient to a nasal trauma management how early or late will depend on many factors inherent in armed conflict. The opportunity in the surgical management according to the findings of this study, is not involved in the probability of surgical success.

Case for diagnosis

Hansen's disease is a chronic infecto-contagious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae. The bacillus prefers low-temperature areas and the nose is usually the initial site of lesions. Transmission of the bacilli occurs by nasal and oropharyngeal secretions, and through solutions of continuity of the skin and/or mucosae. Nasal manifestations are found in the later stages of the disease.

Obtaining Maximal Stability with a Septal Extension Technique in East Asian Rhinoplasty

Recently, in Korea, the septal extension graft from the septum or rib has become a common method of correcting a small or short nose. The success rate of this method has led to the blind faith that it provides superior tip projection and definition, and to the failure to notice its weaknesses. Even if there is a sufficient amount of cartilage, improper separation or fixation might waste the cartilage, resulting in an inefficient operation. Appropriate resection and effective fixation are essential factors for economical rhinoplasty. The septal extension graft is a remarkable procedure since it can control the nasal tip bidirectionally and three dimensionally. Nevertheless, it has a serious drawback since resection is responsible for septal weakness. Safe resection and firm reconstruction of the framework should be carried out. Operating on the basis of the principle of "safe harvest" and rebuilding the structures is important. Further, it is important to learn several techniques to manage septal weakness, insufficient cartilage quantity, and failure of the rigid frame during the surgery.

Through-and-through Nasal Reconstruction with the Bi-Pedicled Forehead Flap

BACKGROUND: Nasal reconstruction is one of the most difficult challenges for the head and neck surgeon, especially in the case of complex full thickness defects following malignant skin tumor resection. Full-thickness defects require demanding multi-step reconstruction. METHODS: Seven patients underwent surgical reconstruction of full-thickness nasal defects with a bi-pedicled forehead flap shaped appropriately to the defect. Patients were aged between 58 and 86 years, with a mean age of 63.4 years. All of the tumors were excised using traditional surgery, and in 4 of the patients, reconstruction was performed simultaneously following negativity of fresh frozen sections of the margins under general anesthesia. RESULTS: Nasal reconstruction was well accepted by all of the patients suffering non-melanoma skin tumors with acceptable cosmetic outcomes. The heart-shaped forehead flap was harvested in cases of subtotal involvement of the nasal pyramid, while smaller defects were reconstructed with a wing-shaped flap. No cartilaginous or osseous support was necessary. CONCLUSIONS: This bi-pedicled forehead flap was a valid, versatile, and easy-to-implement alternative to microsurgery or multi-step reconstruction. The flap is the best indication for full-thickness nasal defects but can also be indicated for other complex facial defects in the orbital (exenteratio orbitae), zygomatic, and cheek area, for which the availability of a flap equipped with two thick and hairless lobes can be a valuable resource.

Rinofima: tratamento com equipamento de alta frequência (radiofrequência) / Rhinophyma: treatment with high-frequence equipment (radiofrequency)

Introdução: O rinofima, também chamado de elefantíase nasal ou acne hiperplásica, temsido descrito desde o tempo de Hipócrates. Está associado, na maioria das vezes, ao hábitode ingestão de álcool (alcoolismo). É caracterizado histologicamente por hipertrofiae hiperplasia das glândulas sebáceas, proliferação fibrovascular da derme e acantose doepitélio. Método: Esse trabalho apresentar casos de rinofima tratados com equipamentode alta frequência (erroneamente denominado de radiofrequência, considerando suas característicasde alto grau de precisão de corte, assim como coagulação simultânea e possibilidadede isolamento oncológico da área tratada, pelas características de vaporizaçãocelular, ocorrida no local de ação do eletrodo). Seu mecanismo de ação é bastante similaràquele verificado no Laser de CO2. Resultados: Foram operados 8 pacientes portadoresde rinofima, com idades que variavam de 55 a 63 anos, dos quais 3 eram de sexo femininoe 5 eram do sexo masculino, entre os anos de 1990 a 2007. Os resultados foram naturais,com período de recuperação bastante curto. Nossa experiência há mais de 10 anos comeste tipo de equipamento levou-nos a somente utilizar esse método, em decorrência de suamaior facilidade e excelência dos resultados.

Introduction: Rhinophyma, also called nasal elephantiasis or acne hyperplasic, has beendescribed since Hipócrates. It is associated, in most times, to the continuous ingestion ofalcohol (alcoholism). histologicaly is characterized by hypertrophy and hyperplasia of thegreasy glands, fibrovascular proliferation of the dermis and acantosis of the epithelium.Method: This article presents cases of rinophy treated with equipment of high-frequency(also denominated of radio-frequency, due to their characteristics of high degree of cutprecision, as well as the simultaneous coagulation and possibility of oncologic isolationof the treated area, because of cellular vaporization, in the site of action of the electrode).His action mechanism is similar to that verified in the CO2 laser. Results: Eight patientspresenting Rhinophyma were operated, with ages that varied from 55 to 63 years, of which3 were female and 5 were male, among the years from 1990 to 2007. The results werequite natural, with quite short recovery period. Conclusion: Our experience has more than10 years with this equipment type only took us the to use this method, due to his largesteasiness and excellence of the results.

Reconstrução heminasal direita com rotação de retalho cutâneo bilobado: contribuição pessoal / Right heminasal reconstruction with bi-lobed skin flap rotation: personal approach

Deformidades adquiridas do nariz por trauma ou doença têm sido corrigidas mediante retalhos cutâneos em ilha, nasogenianos, frontais, tubulados, e ainda pelo uso de retalhos bilobados. O caso relatado, mediante modificação pessoal, ilustra este tipo de procedimento.

Acquired nasal deformity by trauma or sickness have been reconstructed by island skinflaps, nasal-labial, frontal, skin tube, and also with bi-lobed flap rotation. The present cases how a personal approach with the use of this bi-lobed flap.

Retalho musculocutâneo nasal ilhado para reconstrução de defeitos no nariz / Nasal musculocutaneous isled flap to nose defects reconstruction

Introdução: Na reconstrução do nariz alguns aspectos devem ser observados, como o respeitoàs subunidades nasais e o emprego de tecido com características muito semelhantesàquele perdido. Para defeitos parciais, diversos retalhos têm sido usados, como o bilobado,nasolabial e frontal. Desde a proposta do retalho do dorso nasal por Gillies, autores vêmacrescentando modificações ao retalho original. Objetivo: Sistematizar a reconstrução dassubunidades do dorso, asa, ponta e columela com retalho musculocutâneo, ilhado do narizcom pedículo unilateral. Método: Pacientes portadores de defeitos parciais comprometendosubunidades do nariz. Os retalhos foram musculocutâneos nasais com pedículo unilateral,dimensionados numa subunidade, ilhados e transferidos em V-Y, com o vértice voltadopara a glabela. O seguimento foi de 6 meses e avaliados quanto à viabilidade, dimensão dodefeito e conformação do retalho. Resultados: Vinte pacientes portadores de defeitos nasaisdecorrentes de trauma (4) e tumor (16), localizados em ponta e ou columela, dorso, laterale asas foram submetidos a reconstrução com o retalho proposto. A dimensão dos defeitosvariou de 0,8 X 1,4 cm a 2,4 X 2,4 cm. Não houve sofrimento dos retalhos. Conclusão:A sistematização adotada foi apropriada para a reconstrução dos defeitos respeitando assubunidades doadoras com o retalho musculoc utâneo ilhado com pedículo unilateral.

Introduction: Nose reconstruction must respect the nasal subunit principles and the use ofskin similar to the missing tissue. For partial defects bilobed, nasolabial and frontal flapshave been used. After the Gillies nasal dorsal flap advent many authors have added theircontributions to the original flap. Objective: To treat distal defects on the nose as those ofthe dorsum, the tip, the alar skin and the columella using the nasal dorsal flap, isled, basedon one side and considering the nasal subunits. Methods: Patients caring such partial defectsof the nose underwent the reconstruction by means of the nasal musculocutaneous flap. Theflaps were planned on a nasal subunit, isled, based on one side only and moved to the defectin a V-Y procedure. The follow-up was during a 6 month period concerning the viability,the dimensions and the shape of the flap. Results: Twenty patients caring a defect on thedorsum, the tip, the ala or the columella were treated. Four were consequent of trauma andsixteen were of tumor excision. The dimensions of the defects ranged from 0.8 X 1.4 cm to2.4 X 2.4 cm. The flaps presented no disorder of any sort. Conclusion: The adopted systematizationwas proper for the reconstruction of the defects using the nasal musculocutaneousisled flap based on one side and preserving the nasal subunits.

Acoustic rhinometry for patients with nose deformities / 中国耳鼻咽喉头颈外科

0.05),but there was a significantly difference in parameters between the nasal obstruction side and the no obstruction side in patients with nose deformities (P0.05). CONCLUSION The results indicate that acoustic rhinometry has great value in evaluation of patients with nasal deformities before operation and can provide clinical value for the evaluation of nasal function and geometrical structure.

Stage-I functional reconstruction of traumatic deviated nose deformity with chronic rhino-sinusitis / 中国耳鼻咽喉头颈外科

OBJECTIVE To explore the feasibility, surgical method, surgical effect and postoperative complications of stage-I functional reconstruction of traumatic deviated nose deformityaccompanied with chronic rhino-sinusitis.METHODS 37 patients with traumatic deviated nose deformity accompanied with chronic rhino-sinusitis were selected in this study.Methods of stage-I reconstruction included endoscopic nasal septoplasty, functional endoscopic sinsus surgery(FESS), turbinectomy, rhinoplasty and so on.The patients were followed up for one month after operation.The shape of the nose was observed and the nasal bias was measured also.At 3 months after operation, the therapeutic effect about the chronic nasosinusitis was estimated by endoscopic check and patients' subjective symptom.The data obtained preoperatively and postoperatively were treated with statistical methods.RESULTS 37 patients with traumatic deviated nose deformity were selected in this study.The postoperative bias was 2.04 ?0.97 mm and preoperative bias was(6.64?2.21) mm.A t-test revealed the significant difference between pre-and postoperative bias(t=6.374, P