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Tourism is de?ned as the relationships and subsequent interactions among tourists, commercial enterprise suppliers, local governments, and other parties host neighbourhoods and places that care about luring and hosting tourists. This essay's goal is to examine how widespread a 2020-style pandemic might be the effects of COVID-19 will be seen globally in terms of trade and performance estimates of the harm done to international business. To comprehend the impact of the Corona Virus on the global industrial ?rm trade, math data from renowned and reliable data sources is gathered. Prior to May 14, 2020, neither China, where the pandemic began, nor Asian countries, where new instances are often rumoured, would be popular tourist destinations. Due to pandemics, potential travellers often arrange or cancel their plans for a destination that is plague-affected; they also postpone their journeys to avoid suspicious locations and persons. Such pandemic types disrupt traditional businesses like business and the retail services sector. A total of 29,000,303 tourists arrived in 2019 using an e-Tourist Visa. The economic rami?cations of this eruption are severe and could impact not just the tourist spots with a signi?cant concentration of cases, but also other areas. The respiratory illness outbreak in 2002 was an analogous situation. The World Business Organization has assessed its forecast for foreign arrivals and receipts for 2020 because business is currently one of the prettiest industries, but it emphasises that such projections are likely to be further updated. The UN agency for business predicts that international tour arrivals will decrease in 2020 by a tenth to a half-hour compared to numbers in 2019
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Background: A massive global human disaster has been created by a recent contagious respiratory infectious disease caused by a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). The most effective way of controlling infectious diseases is often vaccination. Public vaccine hesitancy is a big problem for public health authorities. Present study was designed to assess the attitudes and hesitancy toward Covid -19 vaccine among healthcare workers and medical students of RUHS-College of Medical Sciences. Material and methods: It was an observational, questionnaire-based study carried out under the department of Pharmacology, RUHS-college of medical sciences Jaipur. The study tool was consists of a digital questionnaire which was prepared in English language. Result: The present study was carried out among 521 health care workers. In this study 48.9% participants were completely agree 31.9% somewhat agree, 13.6% neutral,3.5% somewhat disagree and 2.1% completely disagree to accept covid-19 vaccine without prior employer recommendation. After employer recommendation covid-19 vaccine acceptance was increased. Now 54% participants were completely agree to accept covid-19 vaccine. Hesitancy to covid-19 vaccine was maximal due to possible side effects (65.5%). Conclusions: Acceptability of vaccination in our participants was increased after awareness to vaccine. So by increasing awareness for acceptance of covid-19 vaccine, we can prevent mass rejection of covid-19 vaccine in general population during vaccination program. Vaccine hesitancy must be addressed for successful implementation of covid-19 vaccination program in future
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Objective: To determine the predictors of acceptance and willingness to pay (WTP) for the COVID-19 vaccine among the Indian public and to provide insights for future demand forecasts and pricing considerations. Methods: A nationwide, web-based, self-administered, cross-sectional survey was conducted from 5 to 20 October 2020. The health belief model (HBM) approach was used as a theoretical framework to assess the predictors of acceptance of and WTP for the COVID-19 vaccine. Results: Of 2 480 respondents, 2 451 completed the online survey, yielding a response rate of 98.8%. Participants who participated in the survey had diverse demographics in terms of their location, educational level, occupation type, and family income. Among 2 451 respondents, the majority (89.3%) intended to receive the COVID-19 vaccine. Respondents with high perceived benefits of COVID-19 vaccination, such as reduction in worry (OR 5.87; 95% CI 4.39-7.96) and sickness (OR 4.31; 95% CI 3.31-5.62), showed higher intention to receive the vaccine. However, respondents with a high perception of the side effects and barriers to vaccination (OR 0.36; 95% CI 0.25-0.54) and vaccine shortage (OR 0.58; 95% CI 0.41-0.81) showed lower intention to receive the vaccine. The majority (2 162, 88.21%) of respondents were willing to pay an amount of INR: 500-1 000 or USD: 6.81-13.62 for a dose of COVID-19 vaccine, with a median (Q1, Q3) of INR: 500 (500, 1 000) or USD: 6.81 (6.81, 13.62). The higher marginal WTP for the COVID-19 vaccine was influenced by advanced age, marital status, female sex, intermediate educational background, high family income, fair or poor perceived health status, and no affordable barriers. Conclusions: The majority of respondents intended to receive the COVID-19 vaccine. Healthcare interventions focusing on HBM constructs and demographic predictors associated with low intention to receive the vaccine can be effective in enhancing the coverage of the COVID-19 vaccine. The findings of this study provide guidance for the future price considerations of the COVID-19 vaccine.
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Objective: The Corona virus-induced disease-19 (COVID-19) turning to its aggressive phase of spreading, the treatment options where less and several options are trialing and seeking. Convalescent plasma therapy is one of the newest trailing therapy for COVID patients today without other definite treatment. The convalescent plasma (CP) therapy is used previously and identified its benefits in other conditions. But in the case of COVID 19 the effects and safety should be ensured for its implementation. Methods: Systematically searched in Pub Med and other authentic sources for articles of interest. Results: This review includes 5 studies, over all 26 patients who treated CP and following progressions and events. All became clinically better and the antibody titer increased in the patients. Not only that the viral load decreased with a reduction in inflammatory markers Conclusion: These small studies and case series suggest that CP is effective and safety is high for clinical recover and reduction in viral load.
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The ongoing COVID -19 pandemic is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus -2 (SARS-CoV-2). Since its emergence in Wuhan in Hubei province of China in December 2019, the virus has spread to every continent except Antartica. Currently, there is no registered treatment or vaccine for the disease. In the current scenario of the deadly virus spreading across continents and the absence of a specific treatment of novel corona virus, there is an urgent need to search for alternative strategies to prevent and control the rapid replication of virus. Vitamin D supplementation may reduce the incidence, severity and risk of death from pneumonia (consequent to the cytokine storm) in the current COVID pandemic. Through its effect on innate and adaptive immunity, vitamin D can reduce the risk of viral respiratory tract infections. 1, 25(OH) vitamin D directly stimulates the production of anti-microbial peptides like defensin and Cathelicidin that can reduce the rate of viral replication. In addition, it can also reduce the concentration of pro-inflammatory cytokines that are responsible for causing cytokine storm and resultant fatal pneumonia. In order to reduce the risk of infection especially in developing country like India, it is recommended that people at risk of COVDI19 may be considered for vitamin D supplementation.