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This article provides the possible mechanism of acupuncture-moxibustion repair of gastric mucosal injury from central regulation and puts it forward that the nucleus of solitary tract is the primary regulation center for the injury repair and has the effect of collecting and integrating information. In addition, it is put forward that neural regulation is a main regulatory mechanism for the injury repair and besides, endocrine, immune and humoral regulations participates in the modulation and gastric mucosal repair involves a composite regulatory mechanism in which the central nervous system, neuroendocrine-immune network and neurohumoral regulation take part.
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Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is the third endogenous gaseous mediator following nitric oxide and carbon monoxide. It has been demonstrated that H2S plays important regulatory roles in modulating the physiological and pathophysiological processes of the nervous system, respiratory system, digestive system, and cardiovascular system. Recently, regulatory roles of H2S in cardiovascular system are widely focused and seem to be complex. Here we sum up the roles of H2S in mediating the cardiovascular regulation and illustrate its underlying mechanisms and perspectives.
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Objective: To investigate the arterial baroreflex (ABR)-associated mechanism of losartan in protection of acute cerebral ischemia injury in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). Methods: Losartan (10 mg·kg -1·d-1) were administered i. g. to SHRs for 2 weeks, and the hemodynamic parameters and the baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) was determined. Then the rats were subjected to middle cerebral arterial (MCA) occlusion to establish acute cerebreal ischemia. The brain samples were obtained, sectioned and stained 24 h later; the infarction area of the brain was measured. Losartan and angiotensin II (Ang II, 100 pmol) were also microinjected into the nucleus of solitary tract (NTS) of rats, and the hemodynamic parameters and BRS were determined 24 h later. Then the rats were subjected to MCA occlusion to establish acute cerebral ischemia injury. The brain infarction area was measured 24 h after operation. Results: Compared to control rats, intragastric administration of losartan improved the ABR function and significantly decreased the infarction area (P<0.05). NTS microinjection of Ang II obviously increased the blood pressure, and decreased BRS value of rats. NTS microinjection of losartan did not change the blood pressure, and significantly improved the ABR function (P<0.05) and alleviated cerebral infarction injury (P<0.05). Conclusion: Losartan can improve the sensitivity of ABR and prevent acute cerebral infarction; NTS might be the target of losartan.
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Objective To research the function of the vagus nerve center nucleus of solitary tract(NTS)in the influence of gastric pressure by acupuncture at "Zusanli" in rats with motility disturbances of the stomach.Methods Adopting electrophysiological methods,the extracellular discharge signals of neuronic action in NTS were recorded with glass microelectrode.The influence of the discharges of NTS neurons and gastric pressure responding to the acupuncture at "Zusanli" point were observed in normal status and the condition of Atropine or Metoclopramide intravenous injection.Results In the normal status,acupuncture at "Zusanli" activated the discharges of NTS neurons and promote the gastric pressure remarkably.After Atropine intravenous injection,the background discharges of NTS neurons decreased.There was no statistical difference in the discharges responding to the effect of acupuncture before and after Atropine administration.And the gastric motion reinforced obviously by acupuncture at "Zusanli" after Atropine administration.But after intravenous injection of Metoclopramide,the background discharges of NTS neurons increased.There was also no statistical difference in the discharges responding to the effect of acupuncture before and after Metoclopramide administration.Moreover,the function of promoting gastric motion by acupuncture at "Zusanli" got more obviously after Metoclopramide administration.Conclusion The function of adjusting gastric motion by acupuncture at "Zusanli" point has close relation to the activation of NTS neurons,and the increasing amplitude of the discharges of NTS neurons wasn't influenced by cholinergic receptor blocker Atropine and dopamine-receptor antagonist Metoclopramide.
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Objective:To explore the effect of cholecystokinin on electricity activity of gastric distention related neurons in the nucleus of tractus solitarius.Methods: The effects of gastric distention and intravenous CCK on electricity activity of gastric distention related neurons in the nucleus of tractus solitarius were investigated in urethane anesthetized rats.Results:Intravenous CCK could obviously influence the spontaneous activity of gastric distention related neurons in the nucleus of tractus solitarius.Intravenous CCK could increase the discharge of gastric distention(GD)excited neurons(9/14)and decrease the discharge of GD inhibited neurons(5/14) in NTS.Howerer,the effect of CCK on gastric distention-induced discharge of GD related neurons was always inhibitory.Conclusion:Circulating CCK and gastric distention have both excitatory and inhibitory effects on the electricity activity of gastric distention related neurons in NTS,but the effect of CCK on gastric distention-induced discharge of GD related neurons is inhibitory.The effect of gastric distention on spantenous discharge of neurons in NTS is similar to circulating CCK.