ABSTRACT
RESUMEN El objetivo fue evaluar una intervención educativa en hábitos de alimentación saludable basada en el programa Colación BKN en pre-escolares y escolares entre los años 2013-2018. Diseño longitudinal con comparación de cortes trasversales en escolares de prekínder a cuarto año básico durante 4 años en 14 escuelas de la Región Metropolitana de Chile. El programa consistió en entrega de fruta como colación, educación alimentaria, mejora de la actividad física y kioscos escolares, con participación de profesores y familias. Como resultado se observó una mejoría de los conocimientos en alimentación saludable de los niños, con una excelente satisfacción de usuarios. Sobrepeso y obesidad se mantuvieron el 2016 y 2018, pero aumentaron el 2015 y 2017. En escuelas similares no intervenidas el exceso de peso fue mayor con respecto a las del programa. Hubo una tendencia a disminuir el consumo de dulces y bebidas azucaradas en prekínder y kínder entre 2014 y 2017 y el consumo de 3 porciones al día de frutas y verduras en niños intervenidos fue superior al promedio nacional de 2 porciones al día.Conclusiones: Hubo un aumento exitoso en el consumo de frutas y verduras, educación alimentaria y actividad física para el cambio hacia hábitos más saludables.
ABSTRACT The objective was to evaluate an educational intervention for healthy eating habits based on the Colación BKN program, among preschool and schoolchildren, carried out in 2013-2018. We conducted a longitudinal study with cross-sectional data among preschool and school-age children (up to the fourth grade) over four years in 14 schools in the Metropolitan Region of Chile. The intervention program consisted of fruit delivery, nutrition education and improvements in physical activity and school food kiosks, with active participation of teachers and parents. There was an improvement in knowledge of healthy foods in children and excellent user satisfaction. Overweight and obesity did not increase during 2016 and 2018, but increased in 2015 and 2017. In similar not-intervened schools there was an increase of overweight and obesity compared with Colación BKN schools. For food consumption, there was a decrease in consumption of candy and soft drinks in preschool students and all children consumed more than three portions of fruits and vegetables per day, which is greater than the national average of two portions per day in the general population. Conclusions: There was a successful increase in fruit and vegetable consumption with nutrition education and promotion of healthy habits, such as physical activity and healthy food consumption.
ABSTRACT
To promote health status, strategies and interventions to improve nutrition should be based on the proper diagnosis of the subject's eating patterns. The elderly usually have traditional food habits and preferences, and it is very difficult to change them. This study was designed to identify dietary behavior and food preference of the elderly, in order to provide baseline data for the Elderly Nutrition Intervention Program for the Public Health Center. A survey questionnaire was made for use by trained interviewers to query 151elderly people from 5 community elderly centers located in Suwon, Korea. The majority of them ate regularly and partook of all available side dishes. Their major dietary problems were frequent consumptions of salty foods, and eating too quickly. They consumed grains and vegetables regularly, but seldomly ate dairy products, fruits, meat and food prepared with oil. They also tended to eschew ready made processed food, high cholesterol food, and fast food. Also they did not dine out as much as younger people. Desirable eating habit score were not significantly influenced by socioeconomic variables and nutrition-related characteristics. These included nutrition knowledge, Nutritional Risk Index(NRI) and a score of health concerns. However, meal balance scores were significantly higher in the younger group(p<.05), the higher household income group(p<.05). According to stepwise multiple regression analysis, NRI was the most important determinant of a desirable eating habit score for the male elderly, whereas the score of health concerns was most important for female elderly subjects. The greatest predictor of the meal f balance score was nutrition knowledge. The elderly liked sweet tasting food, grains, rice, stews and Korean style soups. They disliked sour food, dairy products, processed food, and bread. The results indicate that the Elderly Nutrition Education Program should focus on increasing consumption of dairy products, fruits and food with oil, prepared by traditional Korean cooking methods. It also suggests that the program planning should consider the socioeconomic status of the elderly, such as income and education level, as well as concern for health.