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1.
Rev. nefrol. diál. traspl ; 38(4): 244-257, dic. 2018. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1006963

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCCIÓN: La desnutrición en pacientes dializados es altamente frecuente siendo de etiología multifactorial. OBJETIVO: Realizar diagnóstico de situación y evolución de Parámetros luego de la intervención nutricional. Metas esperadas a los 6 meses: evaluación nutricional en 100% de pacientes; 70% con valoración global subjetiva (VGS) tipo A; 80% con albúmina ≥3.5 g/dl; 70% con ingesta proteica (nPNA) >0.8 g/kg/día. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se evaluaron pacientes en diálisis con más de 90 días de tratamiento durante marzo y abril (etapa diagnóstica) y noviembre y diciembre de 2016 (evolución de parámetros); registrando datos personales, antropométricos y de laboratorio, anamnesis alimentaria y VGS. Las acciones nutricionales fueron entrevistas a pacientes y familiares, educación a través de charlas grupales e indicación de suplementos hiperproteicos a pacientes seleccionados según apetito, pérdida de peso y albúmina. RESULTADOS: En etapa diagnóstica se evaluaron 35 pacientes; 18 (51%) tenían IMC >23 y <35, 9 (26%) con nPNA >0.8 g/kg/día. Albúmina ≥3.5 g/dl 24 pacientes (69%). VGS tipo A 16 pacientes (46%), tipo B 12 (34%) y tipo C 7 (20%). Se suplementaron 5 pacientes (14%). En etapa posterior se valoraron 28 pacientes; 11 (39%) IMC >23 y <35. nPNA >0.8 g/kg/día 27 pacientes (96%). Albúmina ≥3.5 g/dl 23 pacientes (82%). VGS tipo A 18 (64%), tipo B 9 (32%) y tipo C 1 (4%). 100% de los suplementados lograron las metas esperadas. CONCLUSIÓN: La valoración nutricional periódica, las intervenciones y la suplementación mejoran los objetivos nutricionales a corto plazo de la población en diálisis


INTRODUCTION: Malnutrition, being a condition with a multifactorial etiology, is very frequent in dialysis patients. OBJECTIVE: TO make a diagnosis of the situation and the evolution of parameters following nutrition intervention. Expected goals after six months: nutritional assessment of 100% of patients; 70% with type A subjective global assessment (SGA); 80% with ≥3.5 g/dL albumin levels, and 70% with >0.8 g/kg/day protein intake (nPNA). METHODS: Patients undergoing dialysis for more than 90 days were evaluated during March and April (diagnostic stage) and November and December 2016 (evolution of parameters), recording personal, anthropometric and laboratory data, food history and SGA. The nutritional actions were: interviews to patients and relatives, education through group talks and indication of hyperproteic supplements to patients selected according to appetite, weight loss and albumin. RESULTS: In the diagnostic stage, 35 patients were evaluated; 18 (51%) had BMI > 23 and < 35; 9 (26%) with nPNA > 0.8 g/kg/day. Albumin was ≥3.5 g/dL in 24 patients (69%). Type A SGA in 16 patients(46%); type B in 12 of them (34%) and type C in 7 (20%). Five patients received supplements (14%). In a later stage, 28 patients were evaluated; 11 (39%) with BMI > 23 and < 35. nPNA; > 0.8 g/kg/day in 27 patients (96%). Albumin was ≥3.5 g/dL in 23 patients (82%). Type A SGA in 18 patients (64%); type B in 9 of them (32%) and type C in 1 (4%). 100% of the supplemented subjects achieved the expected goals. CONCLUSION: Periodic nutritional assessment, interventions and supplementation improve the short-term nutritional goals of the dialysis population


Subject(s)
Humans , Risk Groups , Serum Albumin/analysis , Renal Dialysis , Malnutrition , Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena , Nutritional Requirements
2.
Mundo saúde (Impr.) ; 42(1): 77-97, 2018. tab
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-999830

ABSTRACT

Latex-fruit syndrome occurs because of a cross-reaction between antigens present in latex and those present incertain fruits, such as bananas. Healthcare professionals are at a risk because of the constant occupational exposureto latex. The aim of this study is to determine skin sensitivity to bananas and the risk factors for the manifestation oflatex-fruit syndrome in healthcare professionals. A convenience sample was tested, comprised of 150 professionalsregistered in the healthcare services network of the city of Lagarto, Sergipe, Brazil. A skin prick test was performed,and a questionnaire regarding sociodemographic and working conditions as well as history of signs and symptomsof allergies was administered. The hypersensitivity skin test results were found to be positive for banana in 12.7%(n=19) of the individuals. The majority of the individuals who were hypersensitive to banana had a moderate-to-highprofile of occupational latex exposure (89.5%; n=17). In addition, symptomatic latex-fruit syndrome was observedin 4% (n=6) of the individuals. However, personal and/or family history of allergies and occupational latex exposureprofiles were not associated with hypersensitivity to banana. It is recommended that the skin prick test be performedto evaluate individuals belonging to the risk groups in order to prevent more severe reactions and improve the qualityof life through strategies to reduce signs and symptoms of allergies


A síndrome látex-fruta ocorre em função de uma reação cruzada entre os antígenos presentes no látex e aqueles existentes em determinadas frutas como a banana. Os profissionais da saúde constituem um grupo de risco devido à exposição ocupacional constante ao látex. Objetivou-se determinar a reatividade cutânea à banana e os fatores de iscos para manifestação da síndrome látex-fruta em profissionais da saúde. Foram investigados, por amostragem de conveniência, 150 profissionais que estão cadastrados na rede de serviços de saúde da cidade de Lagarto, Sergipe.Realizou-se o teste de puntura e aplicou-se um questionário com perguntas referentes às condições sociodemográficas,laboral e histórico de sinais e sintomas alérgicos. Apresentaram reatividade cutânea positiva à banana 12,7% (n=19).A maioria daqueles que foram reativos à banana possuíam um perfil de contato ocupacional com o látex médio a alto(89,5%; n=17). Foi evidenciada também a ocorrência da síndrome látex-fruta sintomática em 4% (n=6). No entanto,tanto o histórico pessoal e/ou familiar de alergias quanto o perfil ocupacional ao látex não tiveram associação coma sensibilização à banana. A avaliação dos indivíduos pertencentes aos grupos de risco através de testes de puntura é recomendável a fim de prevenir reações mais graves e melhorar a qualidade de vida a partir de estratégias que promovam a redução dos sinais e sintomas


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Skin Tests , Health Personnel , Fruit , Hypersensitivity , Latex
3.
Mundo saúde (Impr.) ; 41(4): 673-681, 2017. tab, ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-999724

ABSTRACT

Chronic kidney disease is a public health problem. Characterizing the nutritional profile of these patients allows earlydiagnosis of possible nutritional risks. The objective was to evaluate the nutritional status and dietary intake of hemodialysispatients. A cross-sectional study was performed at a hemodialysis clinic from February to April 2016. Patients 18 yearsof age or older who underwent treatment for at least three months and were able to perform the Bioimpedance testwere included. Nutritional status was determined by Body Mass Index. The Palmar Grip Strength was measured bydynamometer and the Adductor Muscle Thickness of the Thumb was by an adipometer, food intake was analyzedthrough a 24-hour Food Recall. A Global Subjective Assessment was performed, adapted for kidney patients. Of the 33patients, 66.7% were males, with a mean age of 57.6 ± 14.2 years. According to the body mass index, eutrophy wasprevalent (54.5%). The thickness of the adductor muscle of the thumb showed severe depletion (66.7%). Palmar gripstrength ranked 72.7% of patients as malnourished. Body Fat, obtained through Bioimpedance, was high in 57.6%. TheGlobal Subjective Assessment ranked 87.9% of patients with mild malnutrition. According to the 24-hour food recall, thetotal caloric intake averaged 1493 ± 530 Kcal. The protein mean was 0.88 ± 0.4 g / kg. The study allowed to visualizenutritional alterations, food intake below the recommended amounts, and different classifications of the nutritional statedepending on the method used. Thus, a comprehensive nutritional assessment becomes important


A doença renal crônica constitui-se um problema de saúde pública. Caracterizar o perfil nutricional desses pacientes permite diagnosticar precocemente possíveis riscos nutricionais. O objetivo foi avaliar o estado nutricional e consumo alimentar de pacientes em hemodiálise. Estudo transversal, realizado em uma clínica de Hemodiálise, de fevereiro a abril de 2016. Foram incluídos pacientes com 18 anos ou mais, em tratamento por no mínimo três meses, capazes de responder a avaliação e que puderam realizar teste de Bioimpedância. O estado nutricional foi determinado pelo Índice de Massa Corporal. A força de Preensão Palmar foi mensurada por dinamômetro e a Espessura do Músculo Adutor do Polegar por adipômetro, ingestão alimentar foi analisada por meio de Recordatório Alimentar de 24 horas.Foi realizada Avaliação Subjetiva Global adaptada para pacientes renais. Dos 33 pacientes, 66,7% do sexo masculino,com média de idade de 57,6 ± 14,2 anos. Segundo o índice de massa corporal a eutrofia foi prevalente (54,5%). Já a espessura do músculo adutor do polegar mostrou depleção severa (66,7%). A força de preensão palmar classificou72,7% dos pacientes como desnutridos. A Gordura Corporal, obtida por meio da bioimpedância, mostrou-se alta em57,6%. A Avaliação Subjetiva Global classificou 87,9% dos pacientes com desnutrição leve. Segundo Recordatório Alimentar de 24 horas, o total calórico teve como média 1493 ± 530 Kcal. A média proteica foi de 0,88 ± 0,4 g/kg. O estudo permitiu visualizar alterações nutricionais, ingestão alimentar abaixo do recomendado e diferentes classificações do estado nutricional dependendo do método utilizado. Assim, torna-se importante uma avaliação nutricional ampla


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Nutrition for Vulnerable Groups , Renal Dialysis , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic
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