Analysis of transfusion of blood and blood products and their utilization pattern at department of obstetrics of tertiary care hospital

Background: In developing countries, nutritional anaemia and obstetric complications are leading causes of transfusion of blood and blood products. The study was aimed to analyse utilization pattern and to identify the indications of transfusion of blood and blood products in obstetrics and to study outcome and management of pregnancy in patients who required blood and/or blood products.Methods: This retrospective study was carried out at department of obstetrics of tertiary care teaching hospital from September 2018 to November 2018 and data was collected from all patients who had received transfusion of blood and/or blood products for any obstetric cause.Results: A total of 164(6.8%) patients received blood and blood products transfusion. Department of obstetrics utilized maximum units of blood and FFP whereas PRC utilization was second highest. There were 62(37.8%) of patients who had not taken any antenatal care, whereas 64(39.0%) patients had less than 4 antenatal visits. Three most common indications for transfusion of blood and blood products were 63.4% in nutritional anaemia, 17.1% in obstetric haemorrhage and 11.6% in first trimester complications.Conclusions: Three most common indications for transfusion were nutritional anaemia, obstetric haemorrhage and first trimester complications. Majority of patients had inadequate or no antenatal care. Early and regular antenatal care, early diagnosis and management of high-risk pregnancies and obstetric complications, institutional delivery can reduce the rate of transfusion of blood and blood products.

Prevalence of anaemia in pregnant and lactating women in rural Vijayapur

Background: Nutritional anaemia is defined as a condition in which the haemoglobin content of the blood is lower than normal as a result of deficiency of one or more essential nutrients. Anaemia is the late manifestation of deficiency of nutrient(s) needed for haemoglobin synthesis. The prevalence of anaemia in developing countries is estimated to be 43% and that of developed countries is 9%. Anaemia is estimated to contribute to more than 115000 maternal deaths and 591000 prenatal deaths globally per year. The objectives of the present study were to determine the prevalence of anaemia among the pregnant women and lactating mothers and to explore the associated factors with anaemia.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among pregnant and lactating women in Ukkali a rural field practice area Shri B. M. Patil Medical College, Vijayapur. Criteria for inclusion were pregnant women- current pregnancy of more than 6 months and lactating mother with child aged up to 6 months of age. Estimation of haemoglobin was carried by standard Sahlis pipette method. Anaemia was classified according to WHO grading criteria.Results: The maximum number of pregnant women (85.71%) in the age group of 35-49 years was anaemic followed by those who were in the age group of 20-34 years (61.54%). Prevalence of anaemia was 72 % in women of less than 20 years, whereas it was as high as 80% among lactating women of 35-49 years age group.Conclusions: Anaemia continues to be a problem with the existing health care resources. Socio-economic status, literacy of women and awareness related to health concerns are the major determinants that contribute to the problem of anaemia.

Prevalence and Correlates of Nutritional Anaemia among Adolescent Girls of Distt. U.S. Nagar, Uttarakhand

Aim: Present study was carried out to determine the prevalence and epidemiological correlates of anaemia among adolescent girls (AGs) of district U. S. Nagar, Uttarakhand (India). Methodology: A cross sectional study was conducted between March-November 2017 among 880 AGs (10-19 years) in 88 anganwadi (AWC) centers covering three blocks one each from rural, urban and tribal blocks of district U.S. Nagar. A pre-structured questionnaire was used to collect socio-demographic, dietary and menstrual health data on AGs along with their anthropometric and heamoglobin (Hb) measurements. Univariate logistic regression analysis was performed using R software between independent variables categorised under socio-demographic characteristics, anthropometric, menstrual health and dietary characters versus the presence of anaemia. Independent variables which were found to be significantly associated with the presence of anaemia, in univariate analysis were further analysed through multiple regression analysis to find predictors of anaemia. Results: The mean age of the study population was 15.4 years. Prevalence of anaemia was found to be 83.18% among AGs with mean Hb value of 10.62±1.5g/dl. In univariate analysis, consumption of iron folic acid supplement (IFA), age, current school status, exposure to nutrition education on anaemia, mother’s literacy status, number of children in the family, abdominal obesity, behavior of skipping meals, number of meals per day, duration of menstrual flow and type of menstrual flow were significantly associated with anaemia in AGs. While multiple regression analysis revealed that the strongest predictors of anaemia were non-exposure to nutrition education on anaemia AOR (95%CI) 1.76 (1.36, 3.12); mother’s illiteracy AOR (95%CI) 1.56(1.17,1.96) and long duration (>5 days) of menstrual flow AOR (95%CI) 1.45(1.25, 1.65), and these were significantly associated with increased odds of nutritional anaemia while consumption of IFA AOR(95%CI) 0.329(-0.04-0.71), scanty menstrual flow AOR (95%CI) 0.692(-0.45,0.95) and late adolescent age AOR (95%CI) 0.45(-0.03,0.94) showed a protective effect.

Nutritional Anemia in the Medical Students.

Background: Nutritional anaemia is very much prevalent and largely undiagnosed among students in Professional Institutes. Various socio-demographic characteristics like age, sex, social class, dietary habits, and infections are the etiological factors for nutritional anaemia. Objectives: To study the nutritional anaemia and its correlates among the MBBS. Medical Students of Rohilkhand Medical College and Hospital, Bareilly in Western U.P. Materials and Methods: The study was done on 100 MBBS students. Haemoglobin estimation was performed by Sahli’s Haemoglobinometer and observations were interpreted as per the WHO criteria. The data was analyzed by SPSS Statistical software. Results: In the present study on 100 Medical students, 32.0% students were anaemic, out of which 44.0% were girls and 20.0% boys. 25.0% students had mild anaemia. Majority (81.8%) of anaemic students were undernourished as per their Body Mass Index. Conclusions: Haemoglobin estimation of students at the time of entrance to Medical Colleges should be done. Iron and folic acid tablets and deworming drugs in therapeutic doses should be provided to anaemic students. The students should be motivated and educated to take balanced diet, rich in green leafy vegetables and fruits as nutritional anaemia is totally preventable.

Nutritional anaemia in Vietnam: a representative survey through nationwide ecological regions in year 2000

Between November - December 2000, hemoglobin level was measured in members of 9,879 households in 7 ecological regions. Among these, 7,135 households have under 5-year children; 2,744 households have pregnant women. The results showed that the overall rate of anaemia in under 5-year children is 34.1%; this rate in under 2-year children is 50%. The average hemoglobin content is lowest in under 2-year children. Rate of anaemia varies between ecological regions. For women, rate of anaemia is highest in Southern Central Part. For under 5-year children, rate of anaemia is highest in T©y Nguyªn region. This rate is higher in rural than in urban. Other factors related to anaemia are educational level of women, parity, pregnancy and living condition.