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La importancia de la investigación científica referida a la definición de la anemia por deficiencia de hierro en altitud, se relaciona con los hallazgos de los estudios realizados y que permiten avanzar al conocimiento científico, en poblaciones vulnerables, siendo que están dirigidos a mejorar la salud pública e influir en políticas de salud. Se presenta el análisis y reflexión de una innovadora modalidad para nuestro medio de altitud, basada en la suplementación con hierro y folatos para definir anemia en la población estudiada, situación que difiere de investigaciones previas sobre el tema en nuestro contexto de altitud. Estos estudios han tenido un escrutinio intenso de parte de los revisores que han valorado las publicaciones sobre anemia ferropénica a gran altitud. La claridad de los diseños de ensayos clínicos formales y controlados aleatorizados, pertinentes en tiempo y necesarios por su importancia fueron realizados, en regiones de altitud de Bolivia. La falta de reconocimiento por terceros de este nivel de evidencia logrado, equivaldría a sustituirlos por estudios de ensayos no formales y no controlados, es decir seguir aplicando diseños de tipo observacional, con contrastación teórica y lógica que solo incrementan el estado de incertidumbre sobre el tema en Bolivia. El sumario presentado de la historia sobre la anemia ferropénica en regiones de altitud en Bolivia nos permite reflexiones importantes, a saber: 1. Es importante resaltar, como claro ejemplo, que la observación simple puede llevar a la incertidumbre y lo costoso de sus consecuencias futuras por la persistencia de la anemia ferropénica en poblaciones de altitud, más aún si se mantiene el posible manejo de prueba y error en resultados difundidos. 2. Se demuestra la necesidad de los controles en la investigación científica, y finalmente 3. Los ensayos clínicos controlados aleatorizados son la mejor fuente de evidencia confiable.
The importance of scientific research related to the definition of iron deficiency anemia at altitude is related to the findings of the studies carried out and that allow advancing scientific knowledge, in vulnerable populations, being that they are aimed at improving public health and influence health policies. The analysis and reflection of an innovative modality for our altitude environment is presented, based on supplementation with iron and folates to define anemia in the studied population, a situation that differs from previous research on the subject in our altitude context. These studies have received intense scrutiny from reviewers who have evaluated the publications on high altitude iron deficiency anemia. The clarity of the designs of formal and randomized controlled clinical trials, pertinent in time and necessary due to their importance, were carried out in highland regions of Bolivia. The lack of recognition by third parties of this level of evidence achieved, would be equivalent to replacing them with studies of non-formal and uncontrolled trials, that is, to continue applying observational designs, with theoretical and logical contrast that only increase the state of uncertainty on the subject in Bolivia. The summary presented of the history of iron deficiency anemia in high-altitude regions of Bolivia allows us important reflections, namely: 1. It is important to highlight, as a clear example, that simple observation can lead to uncertainty and the cost of its future consequences due to the persistence of iron deficiency anemia in high altitude populations, even more so if the possible trial and error management is maintained in disseminated results. 2. The need for controls in scientific research is demonstrated, and finally 3. Randomized controlled clinical trials are the best source of reliable evidence.
Subject(s)
Anemia, Iron-Deficiency , Altitude , AnemiaABSTRACT
Background: There are three main causes of anemia, decreased production of RBCs, and excessive destruction of RBCs or Excessive blood loss. In India, the main reason of anaemia is the decreased production due to nutritional deficiency. The main nutrients required in the process of haemoglobin production are iron, folic acid and cyanocobalamine. The objective of the present study was to find the clinical presentations and hematological changes in children with nutritional anaemia.Methods: This Cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2018 to October 2018 in the department of Paediatrics of Ashwini Rural Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Solapur. Children visiting the paediatric OPD due to any illness and having clinical suspicion of anemia were initially screened for inclusion in the study. Detailed laboratory investigation such as CBC, peripheral blood for Leishman's stain and reticulocyte count were performed. Serum Ferritin, vitamin B12, folic acid levels were also done to ascertain the cause of anemia. World Health Organization recommended criteria were used to diagnose and grade the anemia.Results: A total of 405 anemic children were included in the study. Out of that 213 were boys and 192 were girls. A total of 226 children presented with mild anemia. The most common clinical presentation was respiratory tract infection, found in 62.22 % of children followed by fever in 53.09 % of children. Maximum numbers of patients were suffering from iron deficiency anemia, followed by folic acid deficiency. Deficiency of both of these nutrients was also common. Vit B12 deficiency was found in only 5 children.Conclusions: The study concluded that iron deficiency anemia was the commonest nutritional anemia in children in the age group of 5 to 15 years. Second most common deficiency was of folic acid. Majority of the anemic patients presented with respiratory tract infection and fever.
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Aim: To study the bone marrow changes in elderly patients (above 60 years of age). Material and methods: Bone marrow records from the pathology laboratory in the Department of Pathology, Bangalore Medical College, Bangalore, from March 2012 to june 2013, were searched, and cases from all patients at least 60 years old at the time of bone marrow study were retrospectively reviewed. Results: During the 16 months period, 164 bone marrow examinations were performed, andout of these, 50 patients were at least 60 years old. The age range of the patients was 60 to 82 years , 27 were males and 23 were females. 47 cases (94%) yielded specific diagnosis. 27 cases (54%) had nutritional anemia, 6 cases (12%) were diagnosed as myeloma, 3 cases (6%) had aplastic anemia, 3 cases (6%) had chronic lymphocytic leukemia/ small lymphocytic leukemia infiltrating the bone marrow; 2 cases (4%) had acute myeloid leukemia, 2 myelofibrosis - grade 3, 2 cases were diagnosed to have monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (4%), 1 case (2%) had metastatic deposits from prostatic carcinoma and 1 case (2%) of mylodysplastic syndrome - refractory cytopenia with multi lineage dysplasia and ringed sideroblasts was diagnosed. Conclusions: In this study we found that after nutritional anemia, plasma cell dyscrasias were the most common findings in bone marrow studies in elderly patients. Diagnosis of plasma cell dyscrasias prompt for early institution of treatment resulting in reduced morbidity and mortality in such patients.
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An intervention study was conducted among students of three randomly selected free primary schools in rural West Bengal to assess the effect of health-nutrition education for behavior modification of parents on nutritional anemia of children. Clinically anemic students were school-wise randomized into 'groups of two' and intervened with anthelminthic, iron-folic acid (IFA) pediatric tablet and health-nutrition education by reoriented teachers. Parents of study group were involved in behavior change processes. Baseline overall prevalence of anemia was 64.4%. After IFA therapy, prevalence of anemia was not found to differ between two groups (χ2 = 2.68, P > 0.05, RR= 0.48, 95% C.I 0.2 < RR < 1.19) while reducing 52.2% of relative risk. Reassessment after six months showed significantly lower prevalence in study group (χ2 = 18.14, P < 0.05, RR = 0.20, 95% C.I. 0.08 < RR < 0.49). Parental involvement for life style and dietary modification may curb childhood anemia.
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The present cross-sectional study involving 240 women of reproductive age as the study population was carried out in the beneficiary slum area, the field practice area of Community Medicine department to find out the burden of nutritional anemia and study its epidemiological correlates. The prevalence of anemia was found to be 60.8%, of which 39.6, 20.0 and 1.2% women had mild, moderate and severe anemia, respectively. Almost 63, 21.2 and 15.7% of the study subjects had microcytic hypochromic picture, indicative of iron deficiency anemia, normocytic hypochromic picture suggestive of early stage of iron deficiency anemia and dimorphic/ macrocytic hypochromic anemia implying iron deficiency anemia and or folate/vitamin B12 deficiency respectively. Statistical analyses have shown that epidemiological factors like age, education of respondents, socioeconomic status, history of excessive menstrual bleeding and inadequate intake of green leafy vegetables and pulses were found to be significantly associated with anemia.
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Objective. To evaluate the developmental profile of children with iron deficiency anemia (IDA) and the changes following iron supplementation. Methods. Study was conducted prospectively in a tertiary care teaching institution. Subjects were children aged 6 months to 5-years, with IDA, proven by hematological parameters and iron studies. Complete blood counts and iron studies were performed at the beginning and following 3-months therapy with iron. Simultaneously, development was assessed by Developmental profile II (DPII), which was interpreted using IQ equivalent (IQE) scores and ‘fractional months differential’ (FMD). Results. Thirty five children fulfilled predetermined inclusion criteria. The mean-age was 22.3±13.4 months. Majority (71.4%) had moderate, while 5 (14.3%), each had mild and severe anemia. Significant developmental delay was observed in iron deficient children. Maximum delay was observed in academic and communication domains. 6 (17.2%) failed developmental screening, with IQE scores of <70. Significant improvement in DPII scores was noticed following therapy. Although some gain in IQE scores was noticed in the majority (88.6%), significant improvement (e =>10-point gain) was observed in about half (51.4%). Interpretation of DPII by FMD revealed significant improvement in all the domains as well. Conclusion. Children with IDA have suboptimal developmental scores. The delayed development is variably reversible following oral iron therapy. Hb =<7 g/dl and age >24 months predict suboptimal outcome. FMD is a useful method of interpreting DPII.
Subject(s)
Administration, Oral , Anemia, Iron-Deficiency/blood , Anemia, Iron-Deficiency/drug therapy , Child Development , Child, Preschool , Female , Ferrous Compounds/administration & dosage , Humans , Infant , Intelligence , MaleABSTRACT
[Objective] To observe mulberry relieving nutritional anemia.[Method] Take double-blind method,randomly divide 103 patients into test group(51) and control one(52) under HB,SF,FEP and serum F-carrier protein saturation degree,as much as in consideration of age,course and economic status,both take mulberry and placebo respectively for 30 days,then measure the index above,observe the clinical symptoms of appetite,mind concentration,fatigue,fretting,dizziness,dazzle,palpitation,etc.[Result] Mulberry can relieve the main symptoms above,can raise hemoglobin ≥10g/L in average,as well as red cells and press volume and average volume,hemoglobin amount;increase serum F protein,F-carrier protein saturation degree;lower FEP,with total effective rate 60.78%.[Conclusion] Mulberry can relieve nutritional anemia.