ABSTRACT
Introducción: Los patrones de belleza establecidos por la sociedad y difundidos por los medios de comunicación han ocasionado que los adolescentes presenten trastornos alimentarios; por lo que se desarrollan estrategias de prevención para contrarrestar dicha problemática. Objetivo: Evaluar el efecto de un programa de prevención universal de trastornos alimentarios en estudiantes de una secundaria del Estado de México. Métodos: Estudio cuantitativo de corte longitudinal, la muestra estuvo conformada por cinco grupos de intervención (n = 183) y un grupo control (n = 38), a los que se les aplicó el test de actitudes alimentarias (EAT-23), el test se aplicó antes y después de la intervención de un programa nutricional. Se utilizó la prueba t de Student para muestras relacionadas entre la preprueba y la posprueba del grupo con intervención. Resultados: Se observaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en la subescala de patrones y estilos alimentarios (t = 1,94, p = 0,05) y en las preguntas de me gusta comer con otras personas y siento que los alimentos controlan mi vida, se vieron cambios positivos en ambas preguntas. Conclusiones: Los programas interactivos generan mayores resultados que aquellos que se basan en la transmisión de conocimientos, de ahí que se deban desarrollar programas específicos para la alfabetización de los medios de comunicación y así generar una actitud crítica ante la presión que ejercen la publicidad y la moda(AU)
Introduction: Beauty patterns established by society and disseminated by the media have caused that adolescents present eating disorders; therefore, prevention strategies are developed to counteract this problem. Objective: Evaluate the effect of a universal prevention program of eating disorders in students from a junior high school in the State of Mexico. Methods: Quantitative longitudinal study. The sample consisted of five intervention groups (n = 183) and a control group (n = 38), to which the dietary attitudes test (EAT-23) was applied. The test was applied before and after the intervention of a nutritional program. Student's t-test was used for samples related to pre-testing and post-testing of the intervention group. Results: Statistically significant differences were observed in the subscale of eating patterns and styles (t = 1.94, p = 0.05) and in the questions ¨I like to eat with other people¨ and I feel that food controls my life¨, positive changes were seen in both questions. Conclusions: Interactive programs generate greater results than those based on the transmission of knowledge, hence specific programs must be developed for media literacy and thus generate a critical attitude towards the pressure exerted by advertising and fashion(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Feeding and Eating Disorders/diagnosis , Cognitive Dissonance , Health Literacy , Food Assistance , Longitudinal Studies , Evaluation Studies as Topic , MexicoABSTRACT
This article describes the process of implementation of WHO growth standards in the Chilean National Nursery Schools Council Program (JUNJI) and how will influence the beneficiary's nutritional status estimates. Using the 2009 anthropometric data collected by the program, we compare nutritional estimates using the NCHS 1978 reference and the WHO 2006 growth standards. The use of the new WHO growth standards will determine a decrease in under nutrition (weight for height z score < -2 DS) in infants from 1.1 to 0.5 percent while in all children less than 5y of age will increase stunting (height for age z score < -2 SD; from 5.7 to 7.3 percent in children less than 2y and from 2.3 to 4.2 percent in children 2 to 5y), and overweight (weight for height > lSD from 19.6 to 29 percent in children less than 2y, and from 20.6 to 28.9 in children 2 to 5y) and obesity (weight for height>2 SD; from 8.2 to 11.4 percent in children less than 2y and from 8.3 to 13.5 percent in children 2 to 5y ). The WHO growth standards describe the growth of children that receive optimal feeding and that live in optimal conditions. The implementation of the WHO growth curves at the JUNJI program is taken place in a sequential and well-planned way that will allow not only to optimize growth monitoring at the program but also to promote short and long-term health of the beneficiaries.
En el presente artículo se describe el proceso de implementación de las nuevas curvas de crecimiento OMS a la Junta Nacional de Jardines Infantiles de Chile (JUNJI) y el efecto que tendrá esta incorporación en las estimaciones del estado nutricional de los beneficiarios. En base a la información antropométrica recolectada en el programa durante el año 2009 se realiza una comparación entre la referencia NCHS 1978 y las OMS 2006 y se muestra que con las nuevas curvas disminuirá la prevalencia de desnutrición (peso para la talla <-2 DS) en los lactantes de 1.1a 0.5 por ciento mientras que en todos los menores de 5 años aumentará la prevalencia de talla baja (< -2DS; de 5.7 a 7.3 por ciento en menores de 2 años y de 2.3 a 4.2 por ciento de 2 a 5 años), y de sobrepeso (> 1 DS peso talla, de 19.6 a 29.0 por ciento en menores de 2 años y de 20.6 a 28.9 por ciento de 2 a 5 años) y obesidad (> 2 DS peso talla, de 8.2 a 11.4 por ciento en menores de 2 años y de 8.3 a 13.5 por ciento de 2 a 5 años). Los estándares de crecimiento OMS describen la forma en que debieran crecer los niños de cualquier parte del mundo si es que fueran alimentados y vivieran en condiciones óptimas. Su implementación en la JUNJI, de manera programada y secuencial, permitirá optimizar el monitoreo del crecimiento de los beneficiarios promoviendo una mejor salud en el corto y largo plazo.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Child, Preschool , Anthropometry/methods , Child Nutritional Physiological Phenomena , Schools, Nursery/statistics & numerical data , Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena , Obesity , World Health OrganizationABSTRACT
PURPOSE: Despite recent advances in the surgical and postoperative management of infants with congenital heart disease, nutritional support for this population is often suboptimal. The purpose of this study was to develop a nutritional program for the postoperative period for infants who have had cardiac surgery and to evaluate effects of the program. METHODS: A quasi-experimental design with pretest and posttest measures was used. A newly developed nutritional program including a feeding protocol and feeding flow was provided to the study group (n=19) and usual feeding care to the control group (n=19). The effects of the feeding program were analyzed in terms of total feed intake, total calorie intake, gastric residual volume, and frequency of diarrhea. RESULTS: Calorie intake and feeding amount in the study group were significantly increased compared to the control group. However, the two groups showed no significant differences in gastric residual volume and frequency of diarrhea. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that the nutritional program used in the study is an effective nursing intervention program in increasing feeding amount and calorie intake in infants postoperative to cardiac surgery and does not cause feeding-related complications.