Cuantificación de metales en LECISAN®por espectrometría de emisión óptica con plasma acoplado inductivamente

Introducción: La contaminación resultante de la industrialización ha propiciado el aumento de la concentración de metales en diversos ambientes y su incorporación a materias primas y productos terminados, lo que repercute directamente en la salud humana. Objetivo: Cuantificar metales en la materia prima empleada en la fabricación de la tableta masticable LECISAN® y en la tableta, para establecer niveles de referencia de: aluminio, calcio, cadmio, cromo, cobre, hierro, magnesio, plomo, silicio, vanadio y zinc. Método: Se utilizó la espectrometría atómica de emisión óptica con plasma inductivamente acoplado (ICP OES) y se establecieron mediante métodos estadísticos los intervalos de confianza para la media de los valorescuantificados con una probabilidad del 95%. Resultados: Existen diferencias significativas entre las dos formas de presentación en cuanto a la cantidad de todos los metales, excepto aluminio (p<0,05). Los coeficientes de variación fueron bajos, el cromo obtuvo un valor cercano al 10% en la materia prima y el plomo resultó elevado (17,44 %). Los valores se encuentran dentro del rango reportado como permisibles según norma cubana (NC 493:2012) excepto para plomo y cobre. Se observaron mayores concentraciones de aquellos elementos con efectos favorables para la salud. Conclusiones: Los resultados encontrados deben ser considerados como referenciales para la evaluación del impacto que sobre la salud tendría el régimen de administración diaria del suplemento nutricionalLECISAN® yel análisis de factores relacionados con la presencia de metales en subproductos del refinado del aceite de soya para futura investigaciones.

Introduction: The pollution resulting from industrialization has led to an increase in the concentration of metals in various environments and their incorporation into raw materials and finished products, which has a direct impact on human health. Objective: To quantify metals in the raw material used in the manufacture of the LECISAN® chewable tablet and in the tablet, to establish reference levels of: aluminum, calcium, cadmium, chromium, copper, iron, magnesium, lead, silicon, vanadium and zinc. Method: Atomic optical emission spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma (ICP OES) was used and confidence intervals for the mean of the quantified values were established using statistical methods with a probability of 95%. Results: There are significant differences between the two presentation forms in terms of the amount of all metals, except aluminum (p<0.05). The variation coefficients were low, chromium obtained a value close to 10% in the raw material and lead was high (17.44%). The values are within the range reported as permissible according to Cuban standards (NC 493:2012) except for lead and copper. Higher concentrations of those elements with favorable health effects were observed. Conclusions: The results found should be considered as references for the evaluation of the impact that the daily administration regimen of the LECISAN® nutritional supplement would have on health and the analysis of factors related to the presence of metals in by-products of soybean oil refining for future research.

Introdução: A poluição decorrente da industrialização tem levado ao aumento da concentração de metais em diversos ambientes e à sua incorporação em matérias-primas e produtos acabados, o que tem impacto direto na saúde humana. Objetivo: Quantificar metais na matéria-prima utilizada na fabricação do comprimido mastigável LECISAN® e no comprimido, estabelecer teores de referência de: alumínio, cálcio, cádmio, cromo, cobre, ferro, magnésio, chumbo, silício, vanádio e zinco. Método: Foi utilizada espectrometria de emissão óptica atômica com plasma indutivamente acoplado (ICP OES) e os intervalos de confiança para a média dos valores quantificados foram estabelecidos por meio de métodos estatísticos com probabilidade de 95%. Resultados: Existem diferenças significativas entre as duas formas de apresentação quanto à quantidade de todos os metais, exceto alumínio (p<0,05). Os coeficientes de variação foram baixos, o cromo obteve valor próximo a 10% na matéria-prima e o chumbo foi alto (17,44%). Os valores estão dentro da faixa informada como permitida segundo as normas cubanas (NC 493:2012) exceto para chumbo e cobre. Foram observadas concentrações mais elevadas desses elementos com efeitos favoráveis à saúde. Conclusões: Os resultados encontrados devem ser considerados referências para a avaliação do impacto que o regime diário de administração do suplemento nutricional LECISAN® teria na saúde e a análise dos fatores relacionados à presença de metais em subprodutos do refino do óleo de soja para pesquisas futuras.

Use of iron supplement to prevent anemia in children aged six to 59 months attended at the Family Health Strategy (ESF) units in a city in Minas Gerais, Brazil / Uso de suplemento de ferro para prevenção da anemia em crianças de seis a 59 meses atendidas pela Estratégia Saúde da Família de um município de Minas Gerais, Brasil

Abstract Objectives: to evaluate the use of iron supplementation and associated factors in children aged six to 59 months attended at the Family Health Strategy units in a city in Minas Gerais (MG). Methods: a cross-sectional, analytical-exploratory study, carried out with 252 children aged six to 59 months, attended at ten units, between 2014 and 2016. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data on socioeconomic conditions, maternal health, child's health and the knowledge of those responsible regarding anemia and iron supplementation, in addition to analysis of the child's medical records /booklet to collect test results. Descriptive statistics, bivariate association analysis and logistic regression for multivariate analysis were performed. Results: only 22.6% of the children aged between six and 24 months were receiving iron supplement at the time of the interview. Considering children aged six to 59 months, 13.1% were supplemented and breastfeeding time (p=0.006) and the participation in childcare (p=0.042), were positively associated with the use of supplementation. Conclusion: most children aged six to 24 months were not receiving supplementation as recommended by the Ministry of Health, demonstrating the need to implement prevention programs, such as the National Iron Supplementation Program and training of professionals on the importance of health education in preventing childhood anemia.

Resumo Objetivos: avaliar o uso do suplemento de ferro e fatores associados em crianças de seis a 59 meses atendidas em unidades Estratégia Saúde da Família em município de Minas Gerais (MG). Métodos: estudo transversal, analítico-exploratório, realizado com 252 crianças na faixa etária seis a 59 meses, atendidas em dez unidades, entre 2014 e 2016. Utilizou-se questionário estruturado para coleta de dados sobre condições socioeconômicas, saúde materna, saúde da criança e conhecimentos dos responsáveis acerca da anemia e suplementação com ferro, além de análise do prontuário / caderneta da criança para coleta de resultados de exames. Realizou-se análise estatística descritiva, análise de associação bivariada e regressão logística para análise multivariada. Resultados: apenas 22,6% das crianças com idade entre seis e 24 meses estavam recebendo o suplemento de ferro no momento da entrevista. Considerando as crianças de seis a 59 meses, 13,1% eram suplementadas e o tempo de amamentação (p=0,006) e a participação na puericultura (p=0,042) apresentaram associação com o uso de suplemento. Conclusão: a maioria das crianças de seis a 24 meses não recebia a suplementação, demonstrando a necessidade de implementação dos programas de prevenção, como o Programa Nacional de Suplementação de Ferro e capacitação dos profissionais sobre a importância da educação em saúde para prevenção da anemia infantil.

Supplemental nutrition for retinal health: Evidence based analysis of commercial preparations in India

Purpose: Antioxidants have been lately postulated as supportive and prophylactic supplements for various retinal disorders, especially age?related macular degeneration (AMD). Forty?eight brands of such supplements containing lutein and zeaxanthin are available in India. The aim of the study was to assess the market leaders in supplements for ophthalmology in view of AREDS recommendations. Methods: Descriptive review of top?selling supplements for eye health were compared to the contents of the AREDS?recommended levels. Results: None of the top 10 selling brands had exact or near similar composition as recommended in the AREDS?2 study, which is the most widely accepted level?1 evidence in AMD prevention. Conclusion: Physicians prescribing these antioxidants, especially for the prevention of advanced AMD, should be vigilant and aware of the contents of the prescribed brands.

Medical nutrition therapy in the context of value-based healthcare / 中华临床营养杂志

The purpose of value-based healthcare is to effectively control medical costs on the basis of comprehensively improved healthcare quality, which is the key focus of medical system reform in China. Improving information system framework, establishing scientific evaluation methods and transforming medical insurance payment methods are the impetus for value-based healthcare practice in China. "Screening, assessment and intervention" is the critical step in standardized medical nutrition management. In line with the connotation of value-based healthcare, nutritional risk screening aims to improve clinical outcomes. The diagnosis of malnutrition per the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) criteria enables the inclusion into Diagnosis Related Groups (DRGs). Oral nutritional supplement is the preferred medical nutrition treatment for patients at nutritional risk or with malnutrition and insufficient food intake. Standardized application can reduce weight loss, improve clinical outcomes, save medical costs and improve the health and survival of malnourished elderly patients at a lower cost, exemplifying the value-based healthcare model.

Management of Malnutrition in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: The Importance of Screening and Interventions to Improve Nutritional and Functional Outcomes

@#The worldwide population is ageing rapidly, and the number of people aged ≥65 years is expected to double by 2050. Prevalence of risk of malnutrition is high among community-dwelling older adults and is associated with adverse health outcomes and higher costs of care. Anorexia of ageing is a major cause, characterized by unintentional loss of appetite and reduced oral intake. Achieving energy, protein and micronutrient requirements is important to maintaining health and functional independence. Older adults require a minimum of 1.0 to 1.2 g/kg body weight/day of protein to maintain muscle health. The only exception to this recommendation is older adults with advanced kidney disease and not on dialysis. Nutritional supplementation, in addition to diet, is often required. Several international guidelines recommend oral nutritional supplements (ONS) and dietary advice for older people with malnutrition. ONS containing β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) has been shown to improve nutritional and functional outcomes in community-dwelling older adults with or at risk of malnutrition. As such, early screening for malnutrition risk in older adults is an important public health strategy. Such screening enables early identification, intervention and best clinical outcomes. Raising awareness on the importance of nutritional health in older people is key, in order to maintain physical function and independent living for as long as possible, preserve quality of life and reduce burdens of unhealthy ageing on healthcare systems.

Randomised clinical trial of rice germ supplementation on nutritional status and performance in trained swimmers: A pilot study

@#Introduction: Rice germ (RG) could be a safe and effective dietary supplement for swimmers. Methods: This randomised, parallel, placebo controlled pilot study investigated the effect of a five-week RG supplementation (25 grams/two times/day) in moderately trained swimmers on 50-m and 200-m front crawl at maximal speed, as primary outcome, and body composition, muscle function, post-concussion assessment, cognitive testing (ImPACT) and lactic acid levels, as secondary outcomes. Twenty seven moderately trained swimmers (7 women and 20 men) participated in the study. Results: For primary outcome on 200-m front crawl at maximal speed, a significant average decrease of 2.98 seconds (p=0.022) was detected in RG group, but it was not significant compared to placebo. On 50-m front crawl at maximal speed, no statistically significant intra- or inter-group differences were detected. Regarding secondary outcomes, no difference was demonstrated between preperformance and post-performance lactic acid levels. Comparing the treatment with placebo across follow-up, mean mid-arm muscle circumference (MAC) increased weekly and significantly by 0.23 cm (p=0.026), as well as 0.36% for gynoid fat (p=0.005). In addition, a decrease of 0.13kg in fat-free mass (p=0.067) was also detected. No statistically significant intra- or inter-group differences were detected for secondary outcomes. Conclusion: This pilot study provided early evidence that RG supplementation may positively affect nutritional status and partially, the performance of moderately trained swimmers. Further research is needed to clarify the mechanisms of action, the optimal timing of supplementation, as well as the most effective dose.

Evaluación hepática y renal en pacientes que recibieron conjuntamente zinc y tratamiento antituberculosis acortado / Hepatic and renal evaluation in patients that received jointly zinc and antituberculosis shortened treatment

La terapia de la tuberculosis con el esquema 2RHZE/4HE comprende la administración durante seis meses de rifampicina, isoniazida, pirazinamida y etambutol, de las cuales las tres primeras son potencialmente hepatotoxicas y excepcionalmente nefrotoxicas. La tuberculosis produce depleción de la concentración de zinc lo que incrementa la susceptibilidad a la cronicidad de la infección. OBJETIVO: evaluar el efecto de la administración conjunta de zinc y la terapia 2RHZE/4HE sobre la función hepática y renal en pacientes con tuberculosis pulmonar. MÉTODOS: estudio descriptivo de tipo caso control, doble ciego aleatorizado con 22 pacientes con tuberculosis pulmonar en terapia farmacológica y 22 controles sanos reclutados en los centros de salud Sebastián pagador y Alalay. Los pacientes fueron divididos aleatoriamente en dos grupos a los que se les administró zinc (45mg/día) o placebo durante tres meses. En todos los pacientes se tomó muestras de sangre antes y después de la intervención para medir pruebas de función renal y hepática. En los sujetos control la muestra de sangre se tomó al inicio del estudio para realizar las mismas determinaciones. RESULTADOS: no se encontró deferencias en la concentración de marcadores específicos de daño hepático o renal. CONCLUSIONES: la adición de un suplemento diario de 45mgr de zinc a la terapia 2RHZE/4HE no produjo daño renal ni hepático en las personas evaluadas.

Tuberculosis therapy with the 2RHZE / 4HE scheme comprises the administration for six months of rifampin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide and ethambutol, of which the first three are potentially hepatotoxic and exceptionally nephrotoxic. Tuberculosis produces depletion of the zinc concentration which increases the susceptibility to chronicity of the infection. OBJECTIVE: to evaluate the effect of co-administration of zinc and 2RHZE /4HE therapy on hepatic and renal function in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. METHODS: a, descriptive case-control, randomized double-blind study. 22 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis receiving pharmacological therapy and 22 healthy controls recruited in the health centers Sebastián Pagador and Alalay. The patients were randomly divided into two groups. Who were given zinc (45mg / day) or placebo for three months. All patients were blood sampling before and after intervention to measure hepatic and renal functional tests. For the control subjects were blood sampling before the study to do the same test. RESULTS: no deference was found in the concentration of specific markers of hepatic or renal damage. CONCLUSIONS: the addition of a daily supplement of 45 mg of zinc to 2RHZE/4HE therapy did not cause hepatic, neither renal damage in the people evaluated.

The Status of Nutritional Supplements Nutritional Supplements and Factors affecting Health Promotion Behaviors in Pregnant Women

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the relationships among nutritional supplement intake, subjective health status, health control level and health promotion behaviors and to investigate factors affecting health promotion behaviors in pregnant women. METHODS: A total of 153 pregnant women was recruited from a university hospital in J city in Korea. Data were collected using self-reported questionnaires. RESULTS: Most participants (91.5%) took nutritional supplements. Health promotion behavior had positive correlations with subjective health status (r=0.313, p < 0.001), internal control (r=0.229, p=0.004), powerful others locus of control (r=0.162, p=0.046), and doctors locus of control (r=0.215, p=0.008). There was a negative correlation between health promotion behavior and chance locus of control (r=−0.273, p=0.001). Health status (β=0.25, p=0.001), chance locus of control (β=−0.28, p < 0.001), doctors locus of control (β=0.20, p=0.009), and powerful others locus of control (β=0.16, p=0.033) were significant predictors for health promotion behavior. These variables explained 25.8% of the variance in health promotion behavior. CONCLUSION: The study results indicate that it is necessary to develop a nutrition education program and nursing intervention in order to promote health for pregnant women.

Survey on nutritional status and application of oral nutritional supplement among maintenance hemodialysis patients / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To survey the nutritional status of maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients and explore the role of oral nutritional supplement (ONS) in improving nutritional status among MHD patients. Methods From January 2016 to December 2017, one hundred and sixty-two MHD patients were selected randomly from hemodialysis centre of No. 2 peoples’Hospital and assessed malnutrition incidence by objective score of nutrition on dialysis (OSND). Patients with malnutrition were divided into control group and ONS group randomly, patients in control group were conducted with traditional nutritional education, while patients in ONS group were conducted with ONS as a substitution of diet on the basis of control group. Finally, nutrition-related indexes were observed after 6 months. Results The malnutrition incidence of MHD patients was 66.7% (108/162) screening by OSND, the malnutrition incidence of patients over 60 years old was 82.8% (72/87), significantly higher than below 60 years old, 49.3%(37/75)(P<0.05). After 6-month intervention, the differences of nutrition-related physical and laboratory indexes between control group and ONS group was observed [BW:(53.2±6.5)kg vs. (50.7± 6.0)kg, t=2.08, P=0.04; TSF:(10.3±3.1)mm vs. (9.0±3.0)mm, t=2.21, P=0.03; ALB:(39.6±5.6)g/L vs. (35.6± 5.5)g/L, t=3.74, P<0.01; HB:(104.5±10.8)g/L vs. (99.7±12.6)g/L, t=2.13, P=0.04; TF:(2.0±0.5)g/L vs. (1.5± 0.4)g/L, t=5.74, P<0.01], while opposite before intervention (P>0.05). There was no significant difference of OSND, GNRI and MIS scores between control group and ONS group before intervention [OSND:(24.1± 1.9) vs. (25.3 ± 1.7), t=3.46, P<0.01; GRNI:(90.4 ± 5.4) vs. (92.4 ± 4.5), t=2.09, P=0.04; MIS:(9.2 ± 3.2) vs. (10.9±3.3), t=2.72, P=0.01], while opposite after intervention (P<0.05). Subjective feeling score of patients in ONS group was significantly higher than control group after intervention [(10.7±3.5)vs(8.9±4.0), t=2.49, P=0.01]. The extra cost in control group and ONS group was (688.8±254.6) RMB and (749.2±44.9) RMB respectively with no significance (t=1.72, P=0.09). Conclusion The malnutrition incidence is high among MHD patients, traditional nutrition education takes poor patients compliance, while ONS could improve patients′ compliance and nutritional status because of scientific formula and good taste, which provide another diet selection for MHD patients.

Factors Affecting Compliance Rate towards Oral Nutritional Supplements Intake among Geriatric Patients in Hospital Kuala Lumpur / Jurnal Sains Kesihatan Malaysia

@#Compliance rate towards consumption of oral nutritional supplement (ONS) is low among geriatric patients. Thus, this study aimed to examine factors affecting low compliance of ONS intake among a sample of geriatric patients. A cross-sectional survey was carried out involving 30 geriatric patients being prescribed with ONS during their stay in Hospital Kuala Lumpur. Information on compliance rate and influencing factors were collected through interview and observation. Nutritional status was assessed using anthropometry and Patient Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA). 50.0% subjects were underweight and 70.0% and 30.0% were moderate and severely malnourished, respectively. A total of 43.3% were categorised as low, 53.4% medium and 3.3% high compliance towards consumption of ONS. Most of the subjects with low compliance agreed expressed that they need more nursing support (53.8%). Less than half perceived they had been given the needed nursing support (44.4%), and with respect to ONS: knowledgeable (38.5%), timely given (37.5%), understood the importance (35.7%), were able to finish it (35.0%), well-aware of the reasons of prescription (33.3%), satisfied with its taste (33.3%), received suitable volume (33.3%), satisfied with the texture (31.6%), and received suitable frequency (28.6%). In conclusion, approximately 40% of subjects had low compliance towards ONS. Awareness and nursing support were important factors associated with low compliance. There is a need to ensure adequate nursing support and education been given to patients prescribed with ONS in order to increase the compliance rate.

Effects of oral nutritional supplements on body weight and life qualityin post-discharge patients with gastricor colorectal cancer: A prospective randomized controlled clinical trial / 中华临床营养杂志

Objective@#To investigate the effect of oral nutritional supplements(ONS) on body weight loss and life quality in post-discharge patients with gastric and colorectal cancer.@*Methods@#All the enrolled post-operative gastric or colorectal cancer patients were randomly divided into ONS group and control group. Body weight loss, middle arm circumference, triceps skinfold thickness and right-hand grip strength were measured and the Karnofsky score, ECOG score and QOL score were calculated 3 months after the discharge.@*Results@#The body weight loss of gastric cancer patients was lower in ONS group than in control group since 2 months after discharge.(2 months after discharge: 1.65±2.11vs. 2.70±1.90 kg, t=-2.385 3, P=0.019 3; 3 months after discharge: 1.95±2.75vs. 3.67±2.29 kg, t=-3.134 7, P=0.002 4), There was no difference of body weight loss between two groups in colorectal cancer patients. The middle arm circumference, triceps skinfold thicknessand right-hand grip strength showed no statistic difference between two groups both in gastric and colorectal cancer patients. The Karnofsky score(56.82±13.65%vs. 51.71±9.72%, t=2.014 8, P=0.047 2) and QOL score(41.91±6.92 vs. 38.39±8.77, t=2.059 7, P=0.042 6) were higher in ONS group than in control group in gastric cancer patients. While all 3 types of scores had no difference between two groups in colorectal cancer patients.@*Conclusion@#ONS can efficiently reduce the body weight loss and improve the performance status and life qualityin post-discharge gastric cancer patients, but not in colorectal cancer patients.

Survey on nutritional status and application of oral nutritional supplement among maintenance hemodialysis patients / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective@#To survey the nutritional status of maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients and explore the role of oral nutritional supplement (ONS) in improving nutritional status among MHD patients.@*Methods@#From January 2016 to December 2017, one hundred and sixty-two MHD patients were selected randomly from hemodialysis centre of No. 2 peoples’ Hospital and assessed malnutrition incidence by objective score of nutrition on dialysis (OSND). Patients with malnutrition were divided into control group and ONS group randomly, patients in control group were conducted with traditional nutritional education, while patients in ONS group were conducted with ONS as a substitution of diet on the basis of control group. Finally, nutrition-related indexes were observed after 6 months.@*Results@#The malnutrition incidence of MHD patients was 66.7% (108/162) screening by OSND, the malnutrition incidence of patients over 60 years old was 82.8% (72/87), significantly higher than below 60 years old, 49.3%(37/75)(P<0.05). After 6-month intervention, the differences of nutrition-related physical and laboratory indexes between control group and ONS group was observed [BW:(53.2±6.5)kg vs. (50.7±6.0)kg, t=2.08, P=0.04; TSF:(10.3±3.1)mm vs. (9.0±3.0)mm, t=2.21, P=0.03; ALB:(39.6±5.6)g/L vs. (35.6±5.5)g/L, t=3.74, P<0.01; HB:(104.5±10.8)g/L vs. (99.7±12.6)g/L, t=2.13, P=0.04; TF:(2.0±0.5)g/L vs. (1.5±0.4)g/L, t=5.74, P<0.01], while opposite before intervention (P>0.05). There was no significant difference of OSND, GNRI and MIS scores between control group and ONS group before intervention [OSND:(24.1±1.9) vs. (25.3±1.7), t=3.46, P<0.01; GRNI:(90.4±5.4) vs. (92.4±4.5), t=2.09, P=0.04; MIS:(9.2±3.2) vs. (10.9±3.3), t=2.72, P=0.01], while opposite after intervention (P<0.05). Subjective feeling score of patients in ONS group was significantly higher than control group after intervention [(10.7±3.5)vs(8.9±4.0), t=2.49, P=0.01]. The extra cost in control group and ONS group was (688.8±254.6) RMB and (749.2±44.9) RMB respectively with no significance (t=1.72, P=0.09).@*Conclusion@#The malnutrition incidence is high among MHD patients, traditional nutrition education takes poor patients compliance, while ONS could improve patients′ compliance and nutritional status because of scientific formula and good taste, which provide another diet selection for MHD patients.

Effects of oral nutritional supplements on body weight and life qualityin post-discharge patients with gastricor colorectal cancer: A prospective randomized controlled clinical trial / 中华临床营养杂志

Objective To investigate the effect of oral nutritional supplements (ONS) on body weight loss and life quality in post-discharge patients with gastric and colorectal cancer. Methods All the enrolled post-operative gastric or colorectal cancer patients were randomly divided into ONS group and control group. Body weight loss, middle arm circumference, triceps skinfold thickness and right-hand grip strength were measured and the Karnofsky score, ECOG score and QOL score were calculated 3 months after the discharge. ResultsThe body weight loss of gastric cancer patients was lower in ONS group than in control group since 2 months after discharge. (2 months after discharge: 1. 65±2. 11vs. 2. 70±1. 90 kg, t = -2. 3853, P = 0. 0193; 3 months after discharge: 1. 95±2. 75vs. 3. 67±2. 29 kg, t = -3. 1347, P = 0. 0024), There was no difference of body weight loss between two groups in colorectal cancer patients. The middle arm circumference, triceps skinfold thicknessand right-hand grip strength showed no statistic difference between two groups both in gastric and colorectal cancer patients. The Karnofsky score (56. 82±13. 65％vs. 51. 71± 9. 72％, t = 2. 0148, P = 0. 0472) and QOL score (41. 91±6. 92 vs. 38. 39±8. 77, t = 2. 0597, P = 0. 0426) were higher in ONS group than in control group in gastric cancer patients. While all 3 types of scores had no difference between two groups in colorectal cancer patients. Conclusion ONS can efficiently reduce the body weight loss and improve the performance status and life qualityin post-discharge gastric cancer patients, but not in colorectal cancer patients.

Efecto de la suplementación con ensilaje de naranja sobre la calidad de leche caprina / Effect of supplementation with orange silage on the caprine milk quality

RESUMEN Uno de los principales problemas de la producción comercial de leche caprina deriva en los altos costos de suplementación, debido al uso de alimentos balanceados. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar el efecto del suministro de ensilaje de naranja (EN) sobre la calidad de leche caprina. Se utilizó un diseño de bloques completos aleatorizados, con 48 animales de la raza Saanen, distribuidos en dos tratamientos: uno, de 250g (tratamiento 1) y otro, de 500g (tratamiento 2), de inclusión de EN y un testigo con cuatro réplicas cada una, con cuatro animales. El EN consistió en trozos pequeños del fruto, fermentados durante 30 días. Los parámetros de calidad de leche: grasa, proteína, sólidos no grasos, minerales, densidad y lactosa, se midieron en un equipo Julie C3 Scope Electric, con una periodicidad semanal, durante dos meses. Mediante comparación de medias por prueba de Tukey a los parámetros de calidad de leche, se encontró diferencia significativa P<0,05, para grasa, en el tratamiento 1 y proteína y sólidos minerales, en el tratamiento 2, con medias de 3,99 y 0,86%, respectivamente. Para los demás parámetros, se obtuvieron valores similares. Por lo cual, se concluye que el EN, usado como suplemento alimenticio, es una alternativa nutricional, que mejora algunas características de calidad de la leche caprina.

ABSTRACT One of the main problems of the commercial production of goat milk, derives in the high costs of supplementation, due to the use of balanced foods. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the supply of orange silage (EN) on the quality of goat milk A randomized complete block design was used with 48 animals of the Saanen breed, distributed in two treatments, one of 250g (treatment 1) and another of 500g (treatment 2) of EN inclusion and a control with four replicates each with four animals. The EN consisted of small pieces of fruit fermented for 30 days. The parameters of milk quality: fat, protein, nonfat solids, minerals, density and lactose, were measured in a Julie C3 Scope Electric equipment with a weekly periodicity for two months by comparing means by means of Tukey's test to milk quality parameters, a significant difference was found P <0.05 for fat in treatment 1 and protein and mineral solids in treatment 2, with averages of 3.99% and 0,86% respectively. For the other parameters, similar values were obtained. Therefore, it is concluded that EN, used as a nutritional supplement, is a nutritional alternative that improves some quality characteristics of goat milk.

Effect of nutritional intervention on clinical efficacy of chemoradiotherapy for esophageal carcinoma patients / 中华放射肿瘤学杂志

Objective To investigate the effect of nutritional intervention upon the clinical efficacy of chemoradiotherapy in patients diagnosed with esophageal carcinoma. Methods A total of 46 patients who were diagnosed with esophageal cancer in Anhui Cancer Hospital from November 2016 to August 2017 were enrolled in this prospective study. All patients were randomly and evenly divided into the nutritional intervention (NI) and routine treatment (RT) groups. The changes in body mass index (BMI),PG-SGA, serum albumin ( ALB), hemoglobin ( HB), white blood cell ( WBC) and other objective nutritional parameters and the incidence of chemoradiotherapy-induced complications were recorded before and after chemoradiotherapy. Results Prior to chemoradiotherapy,age,sex,BMI,ALB,PLT and clinical staging did not significantly differ between two groups (all P>0. 05).In the NI group,the BMI was (21.52±2. 67) after chemoradiotherapy,significantly higher than (21.13±2. 73) before radiotherapy (P= 0. 000).Moreover,the PG-SGA score after chemoradiotherapy was significantly lower compared with that before chemoradiotherapy (P= 0. 000).In the RT group,the BMI,Hb,ALB,PLT and WBC after chemoradiotherapy were significantly lower than those before radiotherapy, and thePG-SGA score was worse after chemoradiotherapy ( all P<0. 05).In the NI group, the incidence of grade 3 myelosuppression was 4. 34％, significantly lower than 8. 68％ in the RT group ( P= 0. 000 ). Conclusions Patients with esophageal cancer treated with chemoradiotherapy have a high nutritional risk. Nutritional intervention can improve the nutritional status, reduce the incidence of chemoradiotherapy-induced complications,and probably improve the quality of life and clinical prognosis.

Análisis de rentabilidad de la producción de leche de acuerdo con la variación de la fuente de carbohidrato utilizada en el suplemento de vacas holstein / Analysis of milk production profitability according to variation in the carbohydrate source used in the supplementation of Holstein cows / Análise de rentabilidade da produção de leite segundo a variação da fonte de carbo-hidrato utilizada no suplemento de vacas Holstein

Resumen En Latinoamérica, Colombia es el cuarto productor de leche. El elevado costo de los insumos alimenticios puede ser limitante para la rentabilidad de esta actividad. El precio del maíz como ingrediente energético extensamente demandado por el sector de alimentos y la producción de biocombustibles es uno de los factores que más influye en el costo de alimentación. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar la rentabilidad de la producción de leche en función de la fuente del carbohidrato utilizada para la suplementación de vacas holstein en pastoreo. El tratamiento 1 (T1) incluyó como fuente principal de energía (en el suplemento) el maíz (Zea mays); en los tratamientos 2, 3 y 4, aproximadamente el 50 % de los nutrientes digestibles totales (NDT) aportados por el maíz fueron garantizados por sorgo (Sorghum vulgare, T2), yuca (Manihot esculenta, T3) y pulpa cítrica (Citrus sp., T4). Si bien entre tratamientos no se registraron diferencias estadísticas en la producción de leche y su calidad composicional (p > 0,05), la inclusión de yuca mejoró el ingreso por venta de leche al incidir positivamente en el precio base del producto (gramos de proteína y grasa producidos). Además de ello, la inclusión de yuca redujo el costo asociado con la suplementación y el costo total de producción del litro de leche, lo que finalmente mejoró los indicadores de rentabilidad evaluados. El tratamiento que incluyó pulpa cítrica fue el que registró menor rentabilidad, consecuencia de su menor disponibilidad y mayor costo de adquisición.

Abstract In Latin America, Colombia is the fourth largest milk producer. The high cost of food supplies can limit the profitability of this activity. The price of corn as an energy ingredient widely demanded by the food sector and biofuel production is one of the factors that most influences food costs. This work aimed to evaluate the profitability of milk production according to the carbohydrate source used in the supplementation of grazing Holstein cows. Treatment 1 (T1) included corn (Zea mays) as the main source of energy (in the supplement); in Treatments 2, 3, and 4, approximately 50% of the total digestible nutrients (TDN) provided by corn were guaranteed by sorghum (Sorghum vulgare, T2), cassava (Manihot esculenta, T3), and citrus pulp (Citrus sp., T4). Although there were no statistical differences among treatments regarding milk production and compositional quality (p > 0.05), the inclusion of cassava improved the income from milk sales by positively affecting the base price of the product (grams of protein and fat produced). In addition, the inclusion of cassava reduced the cost associated with supplementation and the total cost of production of a liter of milk, which ultimately improved the profitability indicators evaluated. It was the treatment that included citrus pulp that registered lower profitability, due to its lower availability and higher acquisition costs.

Resumo Na América Latina, a Colômbia é o quarto produtor de leite. O elevado custo dos insumos alimentícios pode ser limitante para a rentabilidade desta atividade. O preço do milho como ingrediente energético extensamente demandado pelo setor de alimentos e a produção de biocombustíveis é um dos fatores que mais influi no custo de alimentação. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a rentabilidade da produção de leite em função da fonte do carbo-hidrato utilizada para a suplementação de vacas Holstein em pastoreio. O tratamento 1 (T1) incluiu como fonte principal de energia (no suplemento) o milho (Zea mays); nos tratamentos 2, 3 e 4, aproximadamente o 50 % dos nutrientes digestíveis totais (NDT) aportados pelo milho foram garantidos por sorgo (Sorghum vulgare, T2), mandioca (Manihot esculenta, T3) e polpa cítrica (Citrus sp., T4). Mesmo que entre tratamentos não se registraram diferenças estatísticas na produção de leite e sua qualidade composicional (p > 0,05), a inclusão de mandioca melhorou o ingresso por venda de leite ao incidir positivamente no preço base do produto (gramas de proteína e gordura produzidos). Além disso, a inclusão de mandioca reduziu o custo associado com a suplementação e o custo total de produção do litro de leite, o que finalmente melhorou os indicadores de rentabilidade avaliados. O tratamento que incluiu polpa cítrica foi o que registrou menor rentabilidade, consequência de sua menor disponibilidade e maior custo de aquisição.

Aceptabilidad, consumo y tolerancia del complemento alimentario "leche enriquecida" en niños beneficiarios del Programa Alimentario Nutricional Integral

Introducción: Una de las mayores dificultades de los programas de alimentación complementaria es determinar cuál es el alimento más adecuado para mejorar el aporte nutricional, que presente una buena tolerancia y bajo nivel de rechazo. En Paraguay, el Instituto Nacional de Alimentación y Nutrición dependiente del Ministerio de Salud Pública y Bienestar Social cuenta con un programa alimentario nutricional integral, que no disponía de ninguna evaluación previa de la aceptación de su producto alimentario. Objetivo: Describir la aceptabilidad, consumo y tolerancia del complemento alimentario "Leche Enriquecida" en niños beneficiarios del Programa Alimentario Nutricional Integral. Método: Estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo. Muestreo no probabilístico, por casos consecutivos. Incluyó a los padres y/o cuidadores de niños beneficiarios del Programa Alimentario Nutricional Integral (PANI) que acudieron a los servicios de salud de Concepción, Guaira y Caaguazú durante los años 2010 y 2011. La aceptabilidad del complemento alimentario se midió mediante una encuesta realizada a los padres y/o cuidadores de los niños participantes del estudio. Resultados: En el estudio participaron 86 padres y cuidadores de niños menores de cinco años de edad. 44/86 de las madres consideraron que al niño le gusta mucho el complemento alimentario, la mayor parte de los beneficiarios consumieron el complemento todos los días (n=75). 85/86 de la población estudiada no presentó intolerancia a la leche enriquecida. Conclusión: El complemento nutricional presenta una excelente aceptabilidad, consumo y tolerancia por parte de los beneficiarios.

Introduction: One of the major difficulties of complementary feeding programs is to determine which food is the most adequate to improve nutritional intake, which has a good tolerance and a low level of rejection. In Paraguay, the National Institute of Food and Nutrition under the Ministry of Public Health and Social Welfare has a comprehensive nutritional food program, this program has no evaluation of the acceptance of its food product. Objective: Describe the acceptability, consumption and tolerance of the enriched milk supplement in children beneficiaries of the Integral Nutritional Feeding Program. Method: A retrospective descriptive study that included parents and / or caregivers of children from the Integral Nutritional Food Program (PANI) who attended the health services of Concepción, Guaira and Caaguazú during the years 2010 and 2011. Not probabilistic consecutive sampling cases. The acceptability of the food supplement was measured by a survey of the parents and/or caregivers of the children participating in the study. Results: The study involved 86 children under five years of age. 44/86 of the mothers consider that the child is very fond of the food supplement, most of the recipients consumed the supplement every day (n=75). 85/86 of the population studied did not have complement intolerance. Conclusion: The nutritional supplement presents excellent acceptability, consumption and tolerance on the part of the beneficiaries.

Aspectos farmacológicos de la lecitina de soya y sus posibles aplicaciones médicas / Pharmacological aspects of soy phosphatidylcholine and its possible medical uses

La lecitina de soya, producto natural empleado como suplemento nutricional, presenta múltiples acciones biológicas demostradas, por lo cual resulta muy beneficiosa para tratar a pacientes con distintas afecciones. Teniendo en cuenta lo anterior se realizó la presente investigación donde se exponen algunos aspectos de interés, con vistas a difundir aún más lo relacionado con esta temática

The soy phosphatidylcholine, natural product used as nutritional supplement, presents multiple demonstrated biological actions, reason why it is very beneficial to treat patients with different disorders. Taking into account the above-mentioned the present investigation was carried out where some aspects of interest are exposed, aimed at diffusing even more everything related to this thematic

Effect of nutritional counseling combined with oral nutritional supplements on clinical outcome of esopha-geal cancer patients under radiotherapy treatment / 中华临床营养杂志

Objective To investigate the effect of nutritional counseling combined with oral high-fat, high-protein nutritional supplement (Ensource) on nutritional status and clinical outcomes of esophageal cancer patients under radiotherapy treatment.Methods Totally 80 esophageal cancer patients under radiotherapy treat-ment who were able to take oral feeding and with Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 (NRS 2002) score≥3 were se-lected and divided into a study group (n=41, nutritional counseling combined with oral nutritional supplements) and a control group ( n=39, nutritional counseling) with a random number table.Energy intake, nutritional sta-tus, and incidences of radiotherapy complications of the two groups before and after radiotherapy were compared. Results Energy intakes in the study group increased significantly during radiotherapy compared with the control group [ (2 445 ±686) kJ vs.(1 747 ±456) kJ, P=0.003];and the level of prealbumin and transferrin were increased significantly compared with before radiotherapy [ (17.35 ±5.83) mg/L vs.(20.15 ±6.02) mg/L, P=0.008;(213.74 ±52.66) mg/L vs.(264.19 ±43.78) mg/L, P=0.002].Besides, compared with the control group, incidence of radiation esophagitis ( GradeⅢ) and radiation skin injury ( GradeⅢ) in the study group decreased significantly (24%vs.38%, P=0.000;27%vs.41%, P=0.000).Conclusion Nutritional counseling combined with oral nutritional supplements in esophageal cancer patients could help improve the patients'nutritional profile and decrease the incidence of complications related with radiotherapy.

The Palatability of Cereal Based Nutritional Supplements in Cancer Patients

Recently, it is reported that intervention of oral nutritional supplement improves the nutritional status of cancer patients, and the effectiveness is affected by the sensory preference of cancer patients on the oral nutritional supplement. However, the variety of oral nutritional supplement is extremely limited and the number of patient's benefits from using the products are restricted mostly due to sensory dislikes. The objective of this study was to provide sensory preference score of trial manufactured products with different accessory ingredients to maximize the use of oral nutritional supplements. Cancer patients (n = 30) and age, sex-matched healthy volunteers (n = 30) participated in the sensory assessments (taste, flavor, viscosity, color and overall preference) of three types of oral supplements (cereal base, cereal base+herb and cereal base+fruit) and a control supplement product with scorched cereal flavor, a top seller in current Korean market. Results indicate that the cancer patients' overall preference was significantly higher for the control supplement, and fruit added supplement was preferred over plain cereal and herb added products, although the difference was insignificant. However, there was no significant preference difference for the supplements among the control group for all sensory factors. These results suggest that cancer patients are more sensitive to sensory preferences compared to the control group, and the patients prefer the flavor of cooked cereal which is a staple food in Korea.