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1.
Rev. Fac. Odontol. Porto Alegre ; 64(1): e133713, dez 2023.
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1526449

ABSTRACT

Aim: To assess the associations between sociodemographic and undergraduate-related characteristics and empathy scores among dental students in a school in Southern Brazil. Materials and methods: Cross-sectional study developed from self-administered online questionnaires to undergraduate dental students at the Federal University of Pelotas. Outcomes were the total score of empathy obtained through the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI) and the scores obtained in four domains: perspective-taking (PT), fantasy (FA), empathic concern (EC), and personal distress (PD). In RStudio version 4.1.3 simple and adjusted linear regression models with robust residual standard errors were performed. Results: Eighty-seven students were included (response rate 24.4%). Considering the total IRI score, there was a mean score of 3.62 (SD=0.64) by item, and dental students had a mean score of 94.07 (SD=16.62). In adjusted analysis, being a woman increased the IRI (0.505;95%CI 0.187;0.823), EC (0.494;95%CI 0.168;0.819), and PT (0.822; 95%CI 0.329;1.315) scores compared to men. Adjusted associations were found between the EC domain and skin color and between the PT domain and family income. FA scores increased with age and family income and, decreased with dissatisfaction with undergraduate studies, only in the bivariate analysis. Discussion: Dental professionals' empathy is essential in daily practice, improving the patient-professional relationship in a patient-centered care approach. Thus, it is relevant to recognize predictors of empathy among dental students to promote strategies to increase empathy in dental practice. Conclusion: Gender, skin color, family income, age, and satisfaction with undergraduate studies were associated with empathy scores among dental students.


Objetivo: Avaliar associações entre as características sociodemográficas e relacionadas à graduação e os escores de empatia entre estudantes de odontologia de uma escola do Sul do Brasil. Materiais e métodos: Estudo transversal desenvolvido com questionários on-line autoadministrados para estudantes de graduação em odontologia da Universidade Federal de Pelotas. Foram considerados desfechos o escore total de empatia medido pelo Índice de Reatividade Interpessoal (IRI) e os escores obtidos em quatro domínios: tomada de perspectiva (TP), fantasia (FA), consideração empática (CE) e angústia pessoal (AP). No RStudio versão 4.1.3 foram realizadas regressões lineares simples e múltiplas com erros residuais robustos. Resultados: Foram incluídos 87 alunos (taxa de resposta=24,4%). Considerando a pontuação total do IRI, houve média de 3,62 (DP=0,64) por item, e de 94,07 (DP=16,62) por estudante. Na análise multivariável, mulheres tiveram maiores pontuações no IRI (0,505; IC95%0,187;0,823), CE (0,494; IC95%0,168;0,819) e AP (0,822; IC95%0,329;1,315) em comparação aos homens. Foram encontradas associações ajustadas entre o domínio CE e cor da pele e entre o domínio PT e renda familiar. Os escores do domínio FA aumentaram com idade e renda familiar e diminuíram com insatisfação com a graduação, somente em análise bivariada. Discussão: A empatia do profissional de odontologia é essencial na prática diária, melhorando a relação paciente-profissional. Assim, é relevante reconhecer os preditores da empatia entre os estudantes de odontologia, visando estratégias para aumentar a empatia na prática odontológica. Conclusão: Gênero, cor da pele, renda familiar, idade e satisfação com a graduação foram associados aos escores de empatia entre estudantes de odontologia.

2.
Int. j. morphol ; 41(1): 146-155, feb. 2023. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1430522

ABSTRACT

Los estudios de corte transversal (ECT) inician en la década de los 40 en países Europeos. Los ECT corresponden a investigaciones de tipo observacional que permiten estudiar prevalencia de enfermedad, determinar asociación entre variables y el desarrollo de un efecto de interés, conocer propiedades de una prueba diagnóstica, y censar poblaciones; describiendo las características de una población en un momento y lugar determinado. Esto implica, que no se requieren periodos de seguimiento, que no son prospectivos ni retrospectivos; características que permiten que sean más baratos y fáciles de realizar en relación a los estudios longitudinales. Por otro lado, al ser de carácter descriptivo sirven como insumo y evidencia preliminar para estudios de mayor complejidad metodológica, como estudios de cohortes. Sin embargo, tienen limitantes y sesgos que deben ser considerados por los investigadores. El objetivo de este manuscrito fue generar un documento de estudio para revisar características esenciales, fortalezas y debilidades; discutir cuestiones metodológicas de los ECT en ciencias de la salud; y proporcionar algunos ejemplos obtenidos de la literatura, para mejor comprensión del diseño.


SUMMARY: Cross-sectional studies (CSS) began European countries in the 1940s in. The CSSs correspond to observational-type investigations that allow studying the prevalence of disease, determining the association between variables and the development of an effect of interest, discovering the properties of a diagnostic test, and censusing populations, describing the characteristics of a population at a given time and place. This implies that follow-up periods are not required, and that they are neither prospective nor retrospective. These characteristics allow them to be cheaper and easier to perform in relation to longitudinal studies. On the other hand, being descriptive in nature, they serve as input and preliminary evidence for studies of greater methodological complexity, such as cohort studies. However, they have limitations and biases that must be considered by researchers. The aim of this manuscript was to generate a study document to review essential characteristics, strengths and weaknesses; discuss methodological issues of ECT in health sciences; and provide some examples obtained from the literature, for a better understanding of the design.


Subject(s)
Humans , Research Design , Cross-Sectional Studies , Anatomy/methods , Selection Bias , Prevalence , Observational Studies as Topic
3.
Evid. actual. práct. ambul ; 26(4): e007097, 2023. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, UNISALUD, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1526419

ABSTRACT

La identificación de relaciones causales es uno de los problemas fundamentales de la investigación científica en medicina y es necesaria para poder ejercerla en forma efectiva. Sin embargo, desde el punto de vista práctico es difícil establecer la existencia de relaciones causales en estudios de carácter observacional, en gran parte por la presencia de factores de confusión. El análisis a través de variables instrumentales es una de las estrategias que permite controlar el efecto confundidor y documentar la presencia de relaciones causa-efecto en estas situaciones. En este artículo, el autor resume los principales supuestos del análisis a través de variables instrumentales, haciendo foco en la aleatorización mendeliana. (AU)


The identification of causal relationships is one of the fundamental challenges in scientific research in medicine and is necessary for its effective practice. However, from a practical standpoint, establishing the existence of causal relationships in observational studies is difficult, largely due to the presence of confounding factors. Analysis through instrumental variables is one of the strategies that allows to control the confounding effect and documenting the presence of cause-and-effect relationships in these situations. In this article, the author summarizes the main assumptions of analysis through instrumental variables, with a focus on Mendelian randomization. (AU)


Subject(s)
Epidemiologic Methods , Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic , Observational Studies as Topic , Causality , Multivariate Analysis , Factor Analysis, Statistical , Mendelian Randomization Analysis
4.
Arq. odontol ; 58: 160-165, 2022. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS, BBO | ID: biblio-1411963

ABSTRACT

Aim: To evaluate if statistically significant results are more likely to be reported in title/abstracts compared to non-significant outcomes. Methods: In this methodological survey, we reanalyzed 59 observational studies from a previous systematic review. The PECO question was: Patient (P): children with primary teeth; Exposure (E): low birth weight and/or preterm; Comparison (C): normal birth weight and/or full-term; Outcome (O): dental caries. We analyzed the presence of key terms in the titles and abstracts, such as gestational age, preterm, full-term, birth weight, low/normal birth weight. Full texts were analyzed for "positive outcomes" (statistically significant association, p < 0.05 or 95% CI not crossing the null effect line) related to the association between the outcome and the exposure; and "negative outcomes" (when the outcome had statistically similar occurrence between the exposure and the comparison group). The odds ratio (OR) was calculated between the presence of key terms in titles/abstracts and the type of outcome (positive or negative). Results: Of 59 studies, 66% cited the key terms in titles/abstracts, and 75% reported negative outcomes. Studies with positive outcomes were more likely to report key terms in the titles/abstracts compared to studies with negative outcomes (OR: 4.5; 95% CI: 0.9-22.4; Chi-square test: p = 0.06). Studies with statistically significant outcomes, favoring the exposure or the comparison, were more likely to report these data in the titles/abstracts. Conclusion: When conducting a systematic review, the final decision related to the inclusion of a study must be based on a full-text level.


Objetivo: Avaliar se os resultados estatisticamente significativos são mais prováveis de serem relatados nos títulos/resumos dos artigos do que os resultados não significativos. Métodos: Neste levantamento metodológico, foram reanalisados 59 estudos observacionais de uma revisão sistemática anterior. A questão PECO foi: Paciente (P): crianças com dentes decíduos; Exposição (E): baixo peso ao nascer e/ou pré-termo; Comparação (C): peso normal ao nascer e/ou a termo; Resultado (O): cárie dentária. Foi analisada a presença de termos-chave nos títulos/resumos, como idade gestacional, pré-termo, a termo, peso ao nascer, baixo/peso normal ao nascer. Textos completos foram analisados para "desfechos positivos" (associação estatisticamente significativa, p < 0,05 ou IC 95% não cruzando a linha de efeito nulo) relacionados à associação entre o desfecho e a exposição; e "desfechos negativos" (quando o desfecho teve ocorrência estatisticamente semelhante entre a exposição e o grupo de comparação). Foi calculada a odds ratio (OR) entre a presença de termos-chave nos títulos/resumos e o tipo de resultado (positivo ou negativo). Resultados: Dos 59 estudos, 66% citaram os termos-chave nos títulos/resumos e 75% relataram resultados negativos. Estudos com resultados positivos foram mais propensos a relatar os termos-chave nos títulos/resumos em comparação com estudos com resultados negativos (OR: 4,5; IC 95%: 0,9-22,4; teste do qui-quadrado: p = 0,06). Estudos com significância estatística os desfechos, favorecendo a exposição ou a comparação, foram mais propensos a relatar esses dados nos títulos/resumos. Conclusão: Ao realizar uma revisão sistemática, a decisão final quanto à inclusão de um estudo deve ser baseada por meio da análise do texto completo.


Subject(s)
Review , Publication Bias , Dental Caries , Observational Studies as Topic
5.
Rev Rene (Online) ; 23: e71920, 2022. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BDENF | ID: biblio-1376111

ABSTRACT

RESUMO Objetivo verificar a associação entre as características sociodemográficas e a realização das ações de detecção precoce do câncer de mama. Métodos estudo transversal, realizado em seis unidades de atenção primária à saúde, com 400 mulheres consideradas população-alvo para ações de detecção precoce do câncer de mama. Para análise inferencial foi utilizado o Teste de Qui-quadrado de Independência (2x2). Resultados a maioria das mulheres estava entre 60 e 64 anos, eram casadas, com baixa escolaridade, sem ocupação ou plano de saúde. Foi encontrada associação significativa entre o estado civil e o intervalo entre a solicitação e a realização da mamografia (X 2 (1)= 208,185, p<0,001, Phi-coefficient = 0,902; Intervalo de Confiança: 0,0308-0,0928). Mulheres sem companheiro apresentaram prevalência 0,95 vezes maior de realizar mamografia. Conclusão houve associação da variável sociodemográfica estado civil com a realização da mamografia, em um intervalo menor de tempo, tendo como fator de proteção não possuir companheiro. Contribuições para a prática a elucidação de fatores que podem estar relacionados com a realização das ações para rastreio do câncer de mama pode sinalizar para os profissionais de saúde as pacientes que necessitam de uma maior vigilância no que concerne à presença de sinais e sintomas sugestivos do câncer de mama.


ABSTRACT Objective to verify the association between sociodemographic characteristics and the performance of actions for early detection of breast cancer. Methods a cross-sectional study was carried out in six primary health care units, with 400 women considered a target population for actions for early detection of breast cancer. The Chi-square test of independence (2x2) was used for inferential analysis. Results most women were between 60 and 64 years old, married, had low education and lacked an occupation or health insurance. A significant association was found between marital status and the interval between requesting and performing a mammogram (X 2 (1) = 208.185, p<0.001, Phi-coefficient= 0.902; Confidence Interval: 0.0308-0.0928). Women without a partner had a 0.95 times higher prevalence of having a mammogram. Conclusion there was an association between the sociodemographic variable marital status and the performance of mammography in a shorter period, and not having a partner was a protective factor. Contributions to practice the elucidation of factors related to the performance of actions for breast cancer screening can signal patients who need greater vigilance regarding the presence of signs and symptoms suggestive of breast cancer.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Breast Neoplasms/diagnosis , Early Detection of Cancer/statistics & numerical data , Sociodemographic Factors , Primary Health Care , Cross-Sectional Studies , Surveys and Questionnaires , Observational Studies as Topic
6.
Acta Medica Philippina ; : 96-107, 2022.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-988658

ABSTRACT

Introduction@#Despite the growing popularity of utilizing observational studies for determining associations with public health implications, there is limited literature using them for examining and quantifying the effects of exposures or treatments: The study compared traditional regression with scoring approaches in estimating treatment effects considering the noted limitations in the dataset. @*Methods@#We conducted a secondary analysis of previously collected retrospective cohort data derived from maternal-neonatal dyads delivered prematurely in a tertiary hospital. Propensity scores (PS) were estimated using logistic and boosting regression. These scores were implemented into matching, stratification, and weighting models. The estimated measures of effect from traditional regression and PS-adjusted models were compared using certain metrics (i.e., the width of CI, SE, AIC, BIC). Sensitivity analysis was also performed. @*Results@#We included data from 562 patients (123 untreated and 439 treated). Both the estimated scores demonstrated satisfactory fit and reduction in the standardized differences between the groups. However, the logit-estimated scores had better prediction (AUC: 0.71 vs 0.66) and forecasting properties (Brier: 0.15 vs 0.17) than the boosting-estimated scores. All generated statistical models demonstrated a reduction in the occurrence of respiratory morbidity among preterm neonates exposed to a single-dose antenatal corticosteroid (ACS) (ORs ranged from 0.37 to 0.59). The estimated average treatment effects (ATE) and effect among those treated (ATET) from various models suggested a small benefit attributed to the single-dose ACS (ATEs range from -0.09 to -0.41; ATETs range from -0.07 to -0.17). @*Conclusion@#PS estimated using logistic regression performed better than those estimated using machine learning strategies. The matching model using the said scores demonstrated better fit and parsimony over conventional and propensity-adjusted models. Future studies are recommended to improve the application of these analytic techniques in real-world data.


Subject(s)
Propensity Score , Machine Learning , Logistic Models
7.
Cad. Saúde Pública (Online) ; 37(6): e00294720, 2021. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1278624

ABSTRACT

Abstract: This study illustrates the use of a recently developed sensitivity index, the E-value, helpful in strengthening causal inferences in observational epidemiological studies. The E-value aims to determine the minimum required strength of association between an unmeasured confounder and an exposure/outcome to explain the observed association as non-causal. Such parameter is defined as E - v a l u e = R R + R R R R - 1, where RR is the risk ratio between the exposure and the outcome. Our work illustrates the E-value using observational data from a recently published study on the relationship between indicators of prenatal care adequacy and the outcome low birthweight. The E-value ranged between 1.45 and 5.63 according to the category and prenatal care index evaluated, showing the highest value for the "no prenatal care" category of the GINDEX index and the minimum value for "intermediate prenatal care" of the APNCU index. For "inappropriate prenatal care" (all indexes), the E-value ranged between 2.76 (GINDEX) and 4.99 (APNCU). These findings indicate that only strong confounder/low birthweight associations (more than 400% increased risk) would be able to fully explain the prenatal care vs. low birthweight association observed. The E-value is a useful, intuitive sensitivity analysis tool that may help strengthening causal inferences in epidemiological observational studies.


Resumo: O estudo ilustra o uso de um índice recém-desenvolvido para análise de sensibilidade, o valor de E, útil para embasar inferências causais em estudos epidemiológicos observacionais. O valor de E busca identificar a força mínima da associação entre um fator de confusão não medido e uma exposição/desfecho que seria necessária para explicar a associação observada enquanto não causal, definido como valor de E - v a l u e = R R + R R R R - 1, onde RR é a razão de riscos entre a exposição e o desfecho. Aqui, o valor de E é exemplificado através de dados observacionais de um estudo recém-publicado sobre a relação entre indicadores de adequação da assistência pré-natal e o baixo peso ao nascer enquanto desfecho. O valor de E variou entre 1,45 e 5,63, a depender da categoria e do índice de assistência pré-natal avaliado, com o valor máximo para a categoria "sem assistência pré-natal" do índice GINDEX e o mínimo para "assistência pré-natal intermediária" do índice APNCU. Na categoria "assistência pré-natal inadequada" (todos os índices), o valor de E variou entre 2,76 e 4,99 (índices GINDEX e APNCU, respectivamente). Isso indica que apenas associações fortes entre um fator de confusão e baixo peso ao nascer (aumento de risco maior que 400%) seria capaz de explicar plenamente a associação entre assistência pré-natal e baixo peso ao nascer. O valor de E é uma ferramenta útil e intuitiva para análise de sensibilidade, que pode ajudar a fortalecer as inferências causais em estudos epidemiológicos observacionais.


Resumen: El presente estudio ilustra el uso de un índice desarrollado recientemente para el análisis de la sensibilidad, el E-value, útil para el fortalecimiento de las inferencias causales en los estudios epidemiológicos observacionales. El E-value tiene por objetivo identificar la fortaleza de asociación mínima necesaria entre un factor de confusión no calculable y una exposición/resultado que sería necesario para explicar la asociación observada como no-causal, y está definida como E - v a l u e = R R + R R R R - 1, donde RR es la ratio de riesgo entre la exposición y el resultado. Aquí, el E-value es ilustratado con datos observacionales de un estudio recientemente publicado para mostrar la relación entre indicadores de adecuación de cuidado prenatal y el resultado de bajo peso al nacer. El E-value varió entre 1,45 and 5,63, dependiendo de la categoría y el índice cuidado prenatal evaluado, con su valor más alto para la categoría "no cuidado prenatal" del índice GINDEX y el mínimo para el "cuidado prenatal intermedio" del índice APNCU. En la categoría "inapropiado cuidado prenatal" (todos los índices) el E-value varió entre 2,76 y 4,99 (los índices GINDEX y APNCU, respectivamente). Esto indica que solamente un factor de confusión fuerte/asociaciones bajo peso al nacer (incrementaron el riesgo más de un 400%) habría hecho posible explicar completamente la asociación observada cuidado prenatal vs bajo peso al nacer. El E-value es una herramienta de análisis de sensibilidad útil, intuitiva, que puede ayudar a fortalecer las inferencias causales en los estudios epidemiológicos observacionales.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Prenatal Care , Infant, Low Birth Weight , Brazil/epidemiology , Epidemiologic Studies , Odds Ratio
8.
Belo Horizonte; s.n; 2021. 121 p. ilus, tab.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS, BDENF | ID: biblio-1435852

ABSTRACT

INTRODUÇÃO: A oração é uma prática espiritual ancestral e amplamente difundida no Brasil e no mundo. Ainda que o ato de orar seja uma prática religiosa, quando solicitada pelo paciente pode se mostrar como um caminho para o cuidado espiritual e o atendimento às necessidades espirituais. No entanto, pode haver desconforto relacionado a essa prática quando esta é considerada pelo profissional de saúde como uma atividade além do cuidado. Esse desconforto pode interferir na prática do cuidado espiritual e o uso da oração como estratégia de acolhimento, de modo a provocar uma não aceitação desse pedido. A oração no cuidado em saúde pode ser influenciada por experiências individuais dos envolvidos, formação e crenças religiosas ou espirituais e pelo fato de o profissional sentir-se confortável ou não em relação a esta prática, como parte da sua função de cuidador. OBJETIVO: Explorar o conforto de acadêmicos de enfermagem com a solicitação de oração iniciada pelo paciente em diferentes cenários simulados. METODOLOGIA: Trata-se de um estudo de métodos mistos realizado com 90 estudantes matriculados no curso de graduação de Enfermagem da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais no segundo semestre de 2020. Os estudantes responderam ao questionário sociodemográfico, ao Questionário de Conforto do Estudante de Enfermagem face a um Pedido de Oração pelo paciente (Prayer and the Registered Nurse-PRN) e ao instrumento de Qualidade de Vida/espiritualidade, religião e crenças pessoais (WHOQOL-SRPB). RESULTADOS: Verificou-se predominância de estudantes do gênero feminino, de cor branca e parda, com média de idade de 25 anos e que se reconhecem majoritariamente como católicos e evangélicos-protestantes. A maior parte dos participantes referiu conforto e disponibilidade em atender ao pedido de oração. Não se observou associação entre gênero, período do curso e identificação com as religiões católica e evangélicos-protestantes e o conforto dos estudantes para orar com pacientes e seus familiares. Já a experiência anterior em orar com um paciente ou familiar, idade maior que 23 anos, a identificação com alguma religião e maiores níveis de espiritualidade se mostraram associadas ao conforto em realizar a oração. A partir dos dados qualitativos, identifica-se que, o atendimento ao pedido de oração esteve relacionado a compatibilidade de crenças entre o estudante e o paciente, a ambientes que garantem privacidade para o atendimento ao pedido, ao conhecimento acerca do cuidado espiritual, à empatia e à capacidade de se conectar e atender às necessidades do indivíduo. CONCLUSÃO: O conforto para o cuidado espiritual e atendimento ao pedido de oração se relaciona com a aceitação ou não aceitação do pedido de oração realizado pelos pacientes. Identificar os fatores predisponentes para a tomada de decisão acerca desse pedido fornece subsídio para que a formação profissional, a pesquisa, a política e a prática possam fortalecer o que favorece o atendimento ao pedido e enfraquecer aquilo que conduz ao não atendimento. Por sua vez, para que essa realidade seja transformada, faz-se necessário a implementação de políticas de saúde pública e educacionais, além de um suporte das organizações e serviços de saúde voltados para o cuidado espiritual.


INTRODUCTION: Prayer is an ancient and widespread spiritual practice in Brazil and around the world. Although the act of praying is a religious practice, when requested by the patient, it can be shown as a path to spiritual care and meeting spiritual needs. However, there may be discomfort related to this practice when it is considered by the health professional as an activity beyond care. This discomfort can interfere with the practice of spiritual care and the use of prayer as a welcoming strategy, in order to provoke non-acceptance of this request. Prayer in health care can be influenced by the individual experiences of those involved, training and religious or spiritual beliefs and by the fact that the professional feels comfortable or not in relation to this practice, as part of their role as a caregiver. OBJECTIVE: To explore the comfort of nursing students with patient-initiated prayer request in different simulated scenarios. METHODOLOGY: This is a mixed methods study carried out with 90 students enrolled in the undergraduate Nursing course at the Federal University of Minas Gerais in the second half of 2020. The students answered the sociodemographic questionnaire, the Nursing Student Comfort Questionnaire face to a Prayer Request by the patient (Prayer and the Registered Nurse-PRN) and to the instrument of Quality of Life/spirituality, religion and personal beliefs (WHOQOL-SRPB). RESULTS: There was a predominance of female students, white and brown, with a mean age of 25 years and who mostly recognize themselves as Catholics and Evangelical-Protestants. Most participants reported comfort and willingness to respond to the prayer request. There was no association between gender, period of the course and identification with the Catholic and Evangelical-Protestant religions and the students' comfort to pray with patients and their families. Previous experience in praying with a patient or family member, over 23 years of age, identification with a religion and higher levels of spirituality were associated with comfort in praying. From the qualitative data, it is identified that the fulfillment of the prayer request was related to the compatibility of beliefs between the student and the patient, to environments that guarantee privacy for the service of the request, to knowledge about spiritual care, to empathy and the ability to connect and meet the individual's needs. CONCLUSION: Comfort for spiritual care and answering the prayer request is related to the acceptance or non-acceptance of the prayer request made by the patients. Identifying the predisposing factors for decision-making about this request provides support so that professional training, research, policy and practice can strengthen what favors the fulfillment of the request and weaken what leads to non-compliance. In turn, for this reality to be transformed, it is necessary to implement public health and educational policies, in addition to support from health organizations and services focused on spiritual care.


Subject(s)
Religion , Students, Nursing , Nursing , Spirituality , Surveys and Questionnaires , Academic Dissertation , Observational Study
9.
Arch. méd. Camaguey ; 23(5): 573-581, sept.-oct. 2019. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1088798

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Fundamento: las lesiones del macizo cráneofacial existen desde la evolución misma del hombre, lo que ha traído por consiguiente la necesidad de crear medios para enmascarar los defectos o restaurar el órgano perdido. Objetivo: caracterizar los pacientes con defectos bocomaxilofacial. Métodos: se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal desde enero del 2015 hasta mayo de 2018 en pacientes con defectos bucomaxilofaciales atendidos en el departamento de prótesis estomatológica del Policlínico Universitario Julio Antonio Mella de la Provincia Camagüey. El universo lo constituyeron 13 pacientes mayores de 20 años de edad de ambos sexos remitidos del Hospital Universitario Manuel Ascunce Domenech y Hospital Provincial Docente Oncológico María Curie. Resultados: respecto a los pacientes con defectos maxilofaciales rehabilitados según edad y sexo, fue más frecuente el sexo masculino y el grupo de 60 a 79 años. Según tipo y causa del defecto, fue superior el nasal y la oncológica con siete pacientes. Según tipo de defecto bucomaxilofacial y experiencia protésica, primó el defecto nasal, así como la experiencia protésica favorable en ocho pacientes. Conclusiones: los pacientes masculinos predominaron, junto con los mayores de 60 años. Los defectos bucomaxilofaciales más rehabilitados fueron los nasales y de origen oncológicos. Hubo un alto índice de experiencia favorable con el uso de las prótesis.


ABSTRACT Background: the injuries of the solid craniofacial exist from evolution of the man, which has brought therefore the need to create means to mask defects or to restore the lost organ. Objective: to characterize the patients with oral-maxillofacial defects. Methods: an observational, descriptive and transverse study was carried out from January, 2015 to May, 2018, in patients with oral-maxillofacial defects attended in the department dentistry prosthesis of the University Polyclinic Julio Antonio Mella of the city of Camagüey. The universe was constituted by 13 patients older than 20 years of age of both sexes cross-referred of the University Hospital Manuel Ascunce Domenech and Provincial University Oncological Hospital María Curie. Results: in relation to the patients with maxillofacial defects rehabilitated according to age and sex, prevailed the group 60 to 79 years, as well as the masculine sex. According to type and etiology of the defect, the nasal and the oncological was a superior with 7 patients respectively. According to type of defect oral-maxillofacial and prosthetic experience, the type of nasal defect had priority as well as the prosthetic favorable experience in 8 patients. Conclusions: the masculine patients predominated along with the older than 60 years old. The oral-maxillofacial defects most rehabilitated were the nasal and those of oncological causes. There was a tall index of favorable experience with the use of the prostheses.

10.
Rev. invest. clín ; 71(3): 149-156, May.-Jun. 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1289682

ABSTRACT

Abstract It is often unclear to the clinical investigator whether observational studies should be submitted to a research ethics committee (REC), mostly because, in general, no active or additional interventions are performed. Moreover, obtaining an informed consent under these circumstances may be challenging, either because these are very large epidemiological registries, or the subject may no longer be alive, is too ill to consent, or is impossible to contact after being discharged. Although observational studies do not involve interventions, they entail ethical concerns, including threats such as breaches in confidentiality and autonomy, and respect for basic rights of the research subjects according to the good clinical practices. In this context, in addition to their main function as evaluators from an ethical, methodological, and regulatory point of view, the RECs serve as mediators between the research subjects, looking after their basic rights, and the investigator or institution, safeguarding them from both legal and unethical perils that the investigation could engage, by ensuring that all procedures are performed following the international standards of care for research. The aim of this manuscript is to provide information on each type of study and its risks, along with actions to prevent such risks, and the function of RECs in each type of study.


Subject(s)
Humans , Research Design , Ethics Committees, Research/organization & administration , Observational Studies as Topic/ethics , Research Personnel/organization & administration , Registries/ethics , Interviews as Topic/methods , Retrospective Studies , Informed Consent/ethics
11.
Rev. bras. oftalmol ; 77(3): 128-132, May-June 2018. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-959090

ABSTRACT

Resumo Objetivo: O objetivo desse trabalho é avaliar o perfil de aplicações intravítreas do Ranibizumab em uma população de adultos atendidos no Instituto Benjamin Constant, no ano de 2015, levando em consideração o efeito sobre a acuidade visual e a espessura macular após tratamento. O objetivo secundário é apresentar as principais indicações desse tipo tratamento no serviço de olhos acima citado. Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo retrospectivo seccional, em indivíduos acima de 20 anos entre os meses de março a agosto de 2015, para analisar a acuidade visual e espessura foveal pré e pós tratamento. A dose do anti-VEGF utilizada foi de 0,05ml por aplicação com intervalo de quatro semanas entre elas. A aferição da acuidade visual assim como o OCT pós tratamento foram realizados em torno de trinta dias após a última aplicação. As análises estatísticas foram feitas com uso do software SPSS versão 21 e o nível de significância estatística foi de 95% com um valor de p <0,05. Resultado: O estudo mostrou que a principal afecção relacionada a esse tratamento foi a retinopatia diabética não proliferativa associada ao edema macular (32,8%). Após o tratamento indicado com Ranibizumab, houve uma melhora da acuidade visual média de 0,70 para 0,59 (logMAR) e uma regressão da espessura macular, visto no OCT, de 408,1µm para 337,2 µm (valor de p <0,05). Conclusão: Pode-se concluir portanto, que o tratamento com Ranibizumab na população estudada contribuiu para uma melhor qualidade de vida dos pacientes, pois a maioria dele apresentou uma melhora estatisticamente significativa na acuidade visual após as aplicações.


Abstract The objective of this work is to evaluate the profile of intravitreal applications of Ranibizumab in a population of adults attended at the Benjamin Constant Institute in the year of 2015, taking into account the effect on visual acuity and macular thickness after the treatment. The secondary objective is to present the main indications of this type of treatment in the eye care mentioned above. A retrospective cross-sectional study was performed in individuals over 20 years of age between March and August of 2015 to analyze visual acuity and foveal thickness before and after treatment. The dose of anti-VEGF used was 0.05 ml per application with an interval of four weeks between them. Visual acuity assessment as well as OCT post treatment were performed around 30 days after the last application. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS software version 21 and the level of statistical significance was of 95% with a value of p <0.05. The study showed that the main condition related to this treatment was non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy associated with macular edema (32.8%). After treatment indicated with Ranibizumab, there was an improvement in the average visual acuity from 0.70 to 0.59 (logMAR) and a regression of the macular thickness, seen in the OCT, from 408.1μm to 337.2μm (p < 0.05). It can be concluded, therefore, that treatment with Ranibizumab in the studied population contributed to a better quality of life of the patients, since most of them presented a statistically significant improvement in the visual acuity after the applications.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Macular Edema/drug therapy , Macular Edema/diagnostic imaging , Intravitreal Injections , Ranibizumab/administration & dosage , Retina/diagnostic imaging , Fluorescein Angiography , Visual Acuity , Retinal Neovascularization , Retrospective Studies , Choroidal Neovascularization , Angiogenesis Inhibitors/administration & dosage , Angiogenesis Inhibitors/therapeutic use , Angiogenesis Inhibitors/pharmacology , Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/antagonists & inhibitors , Tomography, Optical Coherence , Diabetic Retinopathy , Ranibizumab/therapeutic use , Ranibizumab/pharmacology , Fovea Centralis/diagnostic imaging , Macula Lutea/diagnostic imaging , Macular Degeneration
12.
Acta méd. colomb ; 43(2): 100-106, abr.-jun. 2018. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-949546

ABSTRACT

Resumen Las revisiones sistemáticas para evaluar intervenciones que incluyan la evidencia aportada por los estudios no aleatorizados (ENA), pueden ser muy útiles para soportar decisiones clínicas en temas que no estén bien cubiertos por experimentos clínicos aleatorizados (ECA), como la evaluación de los efectos de un tratamiento a largo plazo, sus efectos adversos o la evaluación de intervenciones en salud pública u organizacionales. El desarrollo de estas RSL requiere una serie de ajustes metodológicos para la búsqueda y selección de los estudios primarios, la evaluación de la calidad de los mismos y la combinación de la evidencia. Especial cuidado debe tenerse para identificar y manejar adecuadamente el mayor riesgo de sesgos, en especial los derivados de un inadecuado control de los factores de confusión. El presente artículo presenta las particularidades a tener en cuenta a la hora de realizar RSL para evaluar intervenciones que incluyan ENA, las herramientas que se han desarrollado para facilitar su desarrollo, y las consideraciones importantes para reportar y discutir los hallazgos. El desarrollo de este tipo de RSL requiere un alto nivel de experiencia por parte del grupo desarrollador y una mayor cantidad de recursos económicos y de tiempo. Sin embargo, cuando han sido bien diseñadas, conducidas y analizadas, pueden ser de gran utilidad en la toma de decisiones clínicas, y pueden ser integradas en el desarrollo de las recomendaciones presentadas en las guías de práctica clínica. (Acta Med Colomb 2018; 43: 100-106).


Abstract Systematic reviews to evaluate interventions including the evidence provided by non-randomized studies (NRS), can be very useful to support clinical decisions in subjects that are not well covered by randomized clinical trials (RCTs), such as the evaluation of the effects of long-term treatment, its adverse effects or the evaluation of public health or organizational interventions. The development of these RSLs requires a series of methodological adjustments for the search and selection of the primary studies, the evaluation of their quality and the combination of the evidence. Special care must be taken to identify and appropriately manage the increased risk of bias, especially those derived from inadequate control of confounding factors. This article presents the particularities to take into account when performing RSL to evaluate interventions that include NRS, the tools that have been developed to facilitate their development, and the important considerations to report and discuss the findings. The development of this type of RSL requires a high level of experience by the developer group and a greater amount of economic resources and time. However, when they have been well designed, conducted and analyzed, they can be very useful in clinical decision-making, and can be integrated into the development of the recommendations presented in the clinical practice guidelines. (Acta Med Colomb 2018; 43: 100-106).


Subject(s)
Systematic Reviews as Topic , Bias , Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic , Observational Studies as Topic
13.
ImplantNewsPerio ; 2(4): 698-703, jul.-ago. 2017. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BBO | ID: biblio-860014

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: avaliar a extensão das doenças periodontais e sua associação com o estresse. Material e métodos: utilização de dois instrumentos de avaliação psicológica ­ o Inventário de Sintomas de Estresse e a Escala de Reajustamento Social ­ e na aferição de parâmetros clínicos periodontais por meio de profundidade de sondagem periodontal (PS), nível de inserção clínica (NIC), índice de placa (IP) e índice gengival (IG). O Inventário de Sintomas de Estresse incluiu todos os pacientes no estado de alerta. Já a Escala de Reajustamento Social classificou os pacientes em dois grupos: portadores de estresse leve (70%) e estresse moderado severo (30%). Os dados clínicos foram categorizados em: IP ≥ 60% dos sítios; IG ≥ 25% dos sítios; e NIC ≥ 4 mm. Resultados: as avaliações de estresse foram comparados aos dados clínicos periodontais, por meio de análises estatísticas descritivas e inferências, não apresentando resultado significativo (p > 0,05) entre os índices periodontais e os indicadores do grau de estresse do paciente periodontal. Conclusão: os pacientes periodontais são indivíduos que já apresentam acometimento por estresse psicológico e que o grau do estresse psicológico aferido não infl uenciou na extensão das doenças periodontais.


Objective: to evaluate the extention of periodontal diseases and its association with stress. Material and methods: use of two instruments of psychological evaluation ­ the Inventory of Stress Symptoms and the Social Readjustment Scale ­ and in the measurement of periodontal clinical parameters by probing pocket depth (PD), clinical attachment loss (CAL), Plaque index (PI) and gingival index (GI). The Inventory of Stress Symptoms included all patients on alertness status. The Social Readjustment Scale classified the patients into two groups: patients with mild stress (70%) and moderate-severe stress (30%). Clinical data were categorized as: presence of PI ≥ 60% of sites; IG ≥ 25% of sites; and CAL ≥ 4 mm. Results: the stress evaluations were compared to periodontal clinical data by means of descriptive statistics and inferences, and did not present signifi cant results (p > 0.05) between the periodontal indices and the indicators of the degree of stress of the periodontal patient. Conclusion: periodontal patients are individuals who already suffer from psychological stress and that the degree of psychological stress measured did not infl uence the extent of periodontal diseases.


Subject(s)
Humans , Cross-Sectional Studies , Data Interpretation, Statistical , Observational Studies as Topic , Periodontal Diseases/etiology , Stress, Psychological/etiology , Symptom Assessment
14.
Rev. CEFAC ; 19(4): 551-555, July-Aug. 2017.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-896471

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Although systematic reviews have numerous advantages, they are vulnerable to biases that can mask the true results of the study and therefore should be interpreted with caution. This article aims at critically reviewing the literature about systematic reviews of observational studies, emphasizing the errors that can affect this type of study design and possible strategies to overcome these errors. This is an integrative literature review whose search was conducted in the databases States National Library of Medicine, Scientific Electronic Library Online and Google Scholar. The following descriptors were used: review, bias (epidemiology) and observational studies as the subject, including relevant books and documents which were consulted. Data collection was conducted between June and July 2016. The most known errors present in the design of systematic reviews were those related to the selection and publication. Although this type of study is subject to possible errors, preventive measures used during the planning of systematic reviews and even during and after their implementation can help ensure scientific rigor. This literature can serve as an important tool for the development and interpretation of systematic reviews of observational studies.


RESUMO Embora as revisões sistemáticas tenham inúmeras vantagens, eles são vulneráveis a vieses que podem mascarar os verdadeiros resultados do estudo e, portanto, devem ser interpretados com cautela. A proposta deste artigo é revisar criticamente a literatura acerca das revisões sistemáticas de estudos observacionais, enfatizando os erros que podem afetar este tipo de desenho de estudo e as possíveis estratégias para superar esses erros. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura. A pesquisa bibliográfica foi conduzida nas bases de dados: States National Library of Medicine, Scientific Electronic Library Online, e Google Scholar. Para a busca em bases de dados foram utilizados os descritores: revisão, viés (epidemiologia) e estudos observacionais como assunto. Também foram consultados livros e documentos com relevância para o tema. A coleta dos dados foi realizada entre junho e julho de 2016. Os erros mais conhecidos, presentes no delineamento de revisões sistemáticas, foram os relacionados com a seleção e publicação. Embora este tipo de estudo esteja sujeito a possíveis erros, as medidas preventivas postas em prática durante o planejamento de revisões sistemáticas e até mesmo durante e após a sua execução podem ajudar a garantir o rigor científico. Esta revisão da literatura pode servir como um instrumento importante para o desenvolvimento e interpretação de revisões sistemáticas de estudos observacionais.

15.
Rev. urug. cardiol ; 32(1): 44-52, abr. 2017. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-903564

ABSTRACT

Fundamento y objetivos: la medida de la presión arterial es uno de los procedimientos más utilizados en la asistencia, lo que se relaciona con la elevada prevalencia de la hipertensión arterial. Una medición inexacta genera un problema importante, pues pocos mmHg de error sistemático aumentan o disminuyen artificialmente más de un 50% su diagnóstico y más de un 40% su grado de control. Asimismo, la medición correcta habitualmente muestra más hipertensos con presión arterial dentro del rango objetivo. El presente estudio se realizó para evaluar la calidad de la medida en la práctica habitual. Método: estudio observacional transversal en instituciones asistenciales mientras el personal realizaba el cuidado habitual. Lo observado se contrastó con los requisitos para una buena medida analizando 36 variables agrupadas en tres dimensiones: estructura (ambiente, equipamiento), proceso (interrogatorio, paciente, observador) y resultado. Se consideró correcta cada dimensión cuando tenía ³75% de variables apropiadas en cada medida. Resultados: en las 302 medidas analizadas hubo porcentaje correcto de 100% en estructura, 5% en proceso y 47% en resultado. El hecho de redondear a 0 (llevar a la decena entera más próxima el valor de la medida en mmHg) y el interrogatorio insuficiente fueron los errores más frecuentes, seguidos de colocar el estetoscopio debajo del brazalete y la realización de una única medida cuando el valor inicial fue ³140/90 mmHg. Conclusiones: se detectaron frecuentes fallas en la medida de la presión arterial en la práctica habitual relacionadas a mala técnica de medición, lo que tiene gran trascendencia en el manejo crónico de la HA, ya que la precisión de la medida es esencial, pues tanto su diagnóstico como su tratamiento requieren disponer de cifras apropiadas.


Background and objective: the measurement of blood pressure is one of the most used procedures in clinical practice, what is related to the high prevalence of arterial hypertension. An inaccurate measurement generates a significant problem, because few mmHg of systematic error artificially increase or decrease 50% its diagnosis and 40% its degree of control. Also, correct measurement usually shows more hypertensives with blood pressure within the target range. The present study was carried out to evaluate the quality of the blood pressure measure in the usual practice. Method: observational cross-sectional study in health institutions while the staff performed the usual care. The observations were contrasted with the requirements for a correct measure, by analyzing 36 variables grouped in three dimensions: structure (environment, equipment), process (interview, patient, observer) and result. The dimension was considered correct when it had ³75% of appropriate variables in each measure. Results: in the 302 measures analyzed there was a correct percentage of 100% in structure, 5% in process and 47% in result. Rounding to zero and insufficient patient interview were the most frequent errors, followed by placing the stethoscope under the cuff and performing a single measurement when the initial value was ³140/90 mmHg. Conclusions: failures were detected in the measurement of blood pressure in the usual practice related to poor measurement technique. In chronic treatment of arterial hypertension, the accuracy of the measurement is essential since both its diagnosis and its management require adequate blood pressure values.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Quality Control , Blood Pressure Determination/instrumentation , Blood Pressure Determination/statistics & numerical data , Outcome Assessment, Health Care , Arterial Pressure , Cross-Sectional Studies , Observational Study
16.
An. bras. dermatol ; 92(2): 281-282, Mar.-Apr. 2017. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1038248

ABSTRACT

Abstract: Few studies have described therapeutic options in brachioradial pruritus. We describe a cross-sectional study of brachioradial pruritus patients treated in an outpatient unit. We reviewed medical records and interviewed brachioradial pruritus patients without indication for decompressive surgery, in order to access the perceptions of intensity of pruritus prior to treatment and response to therapy. We found that antidepressants and anticonvulsants were the most frequently prescribed drugs. Best reductions in pruritus were associated with its highest intensities prior to treatment, and with longer periods of therapy.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Pruritus/drug therapy , Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids/therapeutic use , Doxepin/therapeutic use , Amines/therapeutic use , Amitriptyline/therapeutic use , Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic/therapeutic use , Antipsychotic Agents/therapeutic use , Cross-Sectional Studies , Drug Therapy, Combination , Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic/classification
17.
Int. j. morphol ; 35(1): 72-76, Mar. 2017. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-840935

ABSTRACT

Observational and descriptive studies (ODS) represent between 70 % and 80 % of the designs utilized in biomedical publications of the different scientific journals. Despite this, there are no tools to guide writers and to assist reviewers in reporting results with this type of research design. The aim of this study was to report the characteristics of a validated checklist for reporting the results using ODS as research designs in an English version. Two-stage study with qualitative methodology. In a first stage, a proposal was designed, by collecting items and domains from an extensive review of the literature. In the second, an instrument was developed by applying reduction items and domains through a panel of 45 experts comprised of clinical academics, reviewers and editors of biomedical journals, and experts in research methodology. These worked determining the validity of facade and content of the instrument. The items and domains incorporated into the final instrument were those in which over 80 % of agreement was achieved between the participants (36 of 45). In this way an instrument was created composed of 19 items, grouped into four domains. Characteristics of the design, construction and validation of a checklist that could help authors, reviewers and journal editors to write and review articles using ODS as research designs to report results was reported.


Los estudios observacionales descriptivos (EOD), representan entre el 70 % y 80 % de los diseños utilizados en las publicaciones biomédicas de las distintas revistas científicas; y, a pesar de ello, no existen instrumentos para guiar a los escritores en el reporte de resultados, como tampoco para colaborar con los revisores con este tipo de diseños de investigación. El objetivo de este estudio fue reportar las características de un sistema de verificación validado, para el reporte de resultados con EOD como diseños de investigación, en una versión en idioma inglés. Se llevó a cabo un estudio bietápico con metodología cualitativa. En una primera etapa, se diseñó una propuesta, mediante la recopilación de ítems y dominios a partir de una extensa revisión de la literatura relacionada. En la segunda, se construyó un instrumento, aplicando reducción de ítems y dominios a través de un panel de 45 expertos, compuesto por académicos clínicos, revisores y editores de revistas biomédicas; y expertos en metodología de investigación. Estos, trabajaron determinando la validez de fachada y de contenido del instrumento. Los ítems y dominios incorporados al instrumento final fueron aquellos en los que se logró más de un 80 % de acuerdo entre los participantes (36 de 45). Se generó de este modo un instrumento compuesto por 19 ítems, agrupados en 4 dominios. Se reportan las características del diseño, construcción y validación de una lista de verificación en versión en inglés, que puede ser utilizada por autores, revisores y editores de revistas, para la escritura y revisión de artículos en los que se utilicen EOD como diseños investigación.


Subject(s)
Checklist , Epidemiologic Research Design , Observational Studies as Topic , Research Report/standards , Biomedical Research , Epidemiologic Studies
18.
Rev. panam. salud pública ; 41: e117, 2017. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-961685

ABSTRACT

Objective To determine the global incidence of penile cancer. Methods A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies was performed, with no limits on their language of publication. Analyses were performed using Stata 13 statistical software. A random-effects model was used, according to the heterogeneity found in the studies. The main outcome was expressed in terms of age-standardized incidence. Results A total of 23 studies were eligible, with 71 156 penile cancer patients in 86 countries. According to the review conducted, the estimated age-standardized incidence of penile cancer worldwide is 0.84 cases per 100 000 person-years (95% confidence interval: 0.79-0.89). Romania reported the highest incidence, 7.26 per 100 000 person-years, between 1983 and 1987; however, some countries in Latin America and Africa reported an incidence of between 2.0 and 5.7 per 100 000. Conclusions Penile cancer is considered a rare malignancy due to its already-known, particularly low incidence rate. The estimated age-standardized incidence rate by the world standard population today is 0.84 cases per 100 000 person-years. There were no significant differences in the incidence rate of penile cancer with respect to the distribution by continent or the trend over time.


RESUMEN Objetivo Determinar la incidencia mundial del cáncer de pene. Métodos Se realizó una revisión sistemática y un metanálisis de estudios de observación, sin ninguna limitación por el idioma de publicación. Para los análisis se usó el software estadístico Stata 13. Se usó un modelo de efectos aleatorios, conforme a la heterogeneidad encontrada en los estudios. El resultado principal se expresó en términos de incidencia ajustada por la edad. Resultados En total, 23 estudios (con una población total de 71 156 pacientes con cáncer de pene en 86 países) cumplieron con los criterios establecidos. Según esta revisión, se estima que la incidencia ajustada por la edad del cáncer de pene a escala mundial es de 0,84 casos por 100 000 años-persona (intervalo de confianza de 95%: 0,79-0,89). Rumania notificó la incidencia más alta, de 7,26 por 100 000 años-persona, entre 1983 y 1987; sin embargo, algunos países de América Latina y África notificaron una incidencia de entre 2,0 y 5,7 por 100 000. Conclusiones Se considera que el cáncer de pene es una neoplasia maligna rara debido a que la tasa de incidencia conocida es particularmente baja. Hoy en día, la tasa de incidencia ajustada por la edad estimada para la población estándar mundial es de 0,84 casos por 100 000 años-persona. No se observó ninguna diferencia significativa de la tasa de incidencia del cáncer de pene con respecto a la distribución por continente o la tendencia con el transcurso del tiempo.


RESUMO Objetivo Determinar a incidência mundial de câncer de pênis. Métodos Um estudo de revisão sistemática e meta-análise de estudos observacionais foi conduzido, sem restrição do idioma da publicação. As análises foram realizadas com o uso do software de estatística Stata 13. Um modelo de efeitos aleatórios foi usado, segundo a heterogeneidade encontrada nos estudos. O desfecho principal foi expresso como taxa de incidência padronizada por idade. Resultados Vinte e três estudos satisfizeram os critérios, englobando 71.156 pacientes com câncer de pênis em 86 países. De acordo com a revisão conduzida, a taxa de incidência padronizada por idade estimada para o câncer de pênis em todo o mundo é de 0,84 caso por 100.000 pessoas-ano (intervalo de confiança de 95% 0,79-0,89). A Romênia registrou a taxa de incidência mais elevada, 7,26 por 100.000 pessoas-ano, entre 1983 e 1987. Porém, alguns países da América Latina e África registraram taxas de incidência entre 2,0 e 5,7 por 100.000 pessoas-ano. Conclusões O câncer de pênis é uma neoplasia maligna rara devido à sua conhecida taxa de incidência especialmente baixa. A atual taxa de incidência padronizada por idade estimada para a população mundial padrão é de 0,84 caso por 100.000 pessoas-ano. Não foi encontrada diferença significativa na taxa de incidência do câncer de pênis quanto à distribuição por continente ou tendência temporal.


Subject(s)
Penile Neoplasms/diagnosis , Penile Neoplasms/prevention & control , Penile Neoplasms/therapy , Observational Studies as Topic
19.
Chinese Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology ; (12): 379-385, 2017.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-609026

ABSTRACT

Objective To evaluate the quality of observational studies on pelvic organ prolapse in China.Methods The checklist of strengthening the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology (STROBE) statement was applied to evaluate the observational studies.The articles were searched in the SinoMed database using the terms:prolapse,uterine prolapse,cystocele,rectal prolapse and pelvic floor;limited to Chinese core journals in obstetrics and gynecology from January 1996 to December 2015.With two 10-year groups (1996-2005 and 2006-2015),the x2 test was used to evaluate inter-group differences.Results (1) A total of 386 observational studies were selected,including 15.5%(60/386) of case-control studies,80.6%(311/386) of cohort studies and 3.9% (15/386) of cross-sectional studies.(2) There were totally 22 items including 34 sub-items in the checklist.There were 17 sub-items (50.0%,17/34) had a reporting ratio less than 50% in all of aticles,including:1a (study's design) 3.9% (15/386),6a (participants) 24.6%(95/386),6b (matched studies) 0 (0/386),9 (bias) 8.3% (32/386),10 (study size) 3.9%,11 (quantitative variables) 41.2% (159/386),12b-12e (statistical methods in detail) 0-2.6% (10/386),13a (numbers of individuals at each stage of study) 18.9% (73/386),13b (reasons for non-participation at each stage) 18.9%,13c (flow diagram) 0,16b and 16c (results of category boundaries and relative risk) 9.6% (37/386) and 0,19 (limitations) 31.6% (122/386),22 (funding) 20.5% (79/386).(3) The quality of articles published in the two decades (1996-2005 and 2006-2015) were compared,and 38.2% (13/34) of sub-items had been significantly improved in the second 10-year (all P<0.05).The improved items were as follows:1b (integrity of abstract),2 (background/rationale),6a (participants),7 (variables),8 (data sources/measurement),9 (bias),11 (quantitative variables),12a (statistical methods),17 (other analyses),18 (key results),19 (limitations),21 (generalisability),22 (funding).Conclusions The quality of observational studies on POP in China is suboptimal in half of evaluation items.However,the quality of articles published in the second 10-year have significantly improved.

20.
Chinese Journal of Epidemiology ; (12): 121-127, 2017.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-737616

ABSTRACT

Concerns have been raised about the reporting quality in nutritional epidemiology.Therefore,strengthening the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology-nutritional epidemiology (STROBE-nut) has been proposed by extending the STROBE statement to include additional recommendations on issues related to nutritional epidemiology and dietary assessment,aiming to provide more specific guidelines on how to report observational research in the field.This paper presents a brief introduction to STROBE-nut and also an explanation of the key points in the additional items,with an example illustrating the application of the checklist.

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