Rural-Urban Comparison of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in Assam, India: A Hospital Based Cross-sectional Study.

Background: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine disorder adversely affecting fertility and reproductive health with diverse clinical manifestations in women. Aim: The objectives of the present study are to determine and compare the prevalence of PCOS between rural and urban Assamese women in Guwahati, Assam. Methods: A total of 150 (75 rural; 75 urban) Assamese women aged 18-35 years have been collected at Pratiksha Hospital, Guwahati, Assam. The relevant data were collected through self-administered pre-structured and interview methods. Results: Higher prevalence of PCOS was found in the urban areas living in nuclear families in comparison to rural areas. Recent weight gain and obesity with a higher prevalence of oligomenorrhea were found to be higher among the urban participants. An excess androgen activity evidenced by increased hirsutism was higher in the urban areas as compared to rural areas in association with increased levels of serum insulin. Conclusion: A long-term personalized management program is required for effectively treating individuals with PCOS which may help in regulating the symptoms and various other metabolic complications.

Effectiveness of Zhenqi Buxue Oral Liquid Combined with Progesterone for Treatment of Oligomenorrhea and Hypomenorrhea with Qi-Blood and Kidney (Shen) Essence Deficiency: A Randomized Controlled Trial / 中国结合医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of Zhenqi Buxue Oral Liquid (ZQ), progesterone capsules, and their combination in treating oligomenorrhea and hypomenorrhea with qi-blood and Kidney (Shen) essence deficiency.@*METHODS@#This was a prospective, randomized, multi-center controlled trial between June 2022 to December 2022. Ninety-six oligomenorrhea and hypomenorrhea patients with qi-blood and Shen essence deficiency were randomly assigned to receive ZQ (ZQ group, 29 cases), progesterone capsules (PG group, 32 cases), or the combined Chinese and Western medicine (COM group, 31 cases) at a ratio of 1:1:1. Patients in the ZQ or PG group took daily 10 mL twice a day of ZQ or 200 mg once a day of progesterone capsules for 10 consecutive days on day 15 of the menstrual cycle respectively, and patients in the COM group received the same ZQ combined with progesterone capsules. The treatment course lasted for 3 months and follow-up was performed at 1 and 3 months after the end of treatment. Primary endpoint was the menstrual Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome Scale (TCMSS) scores. Secondary endpoints included pictorial blood loss assessment chart (PBAC) scores, clinical efficacy rate, 36-item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) scores, sex hormones and thickness of endometrium. Adverse events (AEs) were recorded.@*RESULTS@#TCMSS scores after 1- and 3-month treatment in all groups were significantly lower than those at baseline (P<0.05). Only TCMSS scores after 3-month treatment in the ZQ and COM groups continuously decreased compared with those after 1-month treatment in the same group (P<0.01). TCMSS scores after 3-month treatment in the ZQ and COM groups were significantly lower than those in the PG group (P<0.05, P<0.01). Compared with baseline, PBAC scores in the ZQ and COM groups after 3 months of treatment were also significantly higher (both P<0.01). The total effective rates of TCM syndrome of 3-month treatment were significantly improved in all groups compared with that after 1 month of treatment (P<0.05). The total effective rate of the COM group was the highest in the 3rd month of treatment and significantly higher than that of PG group alone (P<0.05). Compared with baseline, only the SF-36 scores of COM group were significantly improved after 3 months of treatment (P<0.05). No serious adverse reactions were observed after treatment.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The combination of ZQ and PG, or ZQ only had better effects on reducing TCMSS scores compared with PG, and COM showed the higher total effective rate compared with monotherapy. Besides, COM could effectively improve menstrual blood loss and quality of life. ZQ combined with PG may be an effective and safe option for oligomenorrhea and hypomenorrhea patients with qi-blood and Shen essence deficiency.

A study of gonadal dysfunction in women with thyroid disease

Background:Thyroid diseases are among the commonest endocrine disorders. It effects growth, embryonic development, tissue differentiation, maturation, metabolism, increases chronotropic and inotropic action of heart. The aim was to study gonadal dysfunction in womenwith thyroid disease; to study levels of FSH, LH, prolactin, estrogen and testosterone in hypothyroid and hyperthyroid.Methods:All participants fulfilling the inclusion criteria were interviewed as per proforma and medical details were recorded in proforma sheet and patients were subjected to necessary blood investigations.Results:Among 80 study subjects, majority were in the age group 26-35 years (60.1%) and majority had overt hypothyroid disease (72.5%). Symptoms of hypothyroid subjects mainly were fatigue, weight gain, hair loss, oligomenorrhea. Hyperthyroid subjects had fatigue, palpitations, oligomenorrhea, polymenorrhea. Prolactin had positive correlation with TSH in hypothyroid subjects, their LH, FSH levels were normal and sex steroid levels were low. In contrary, majority of the hyperthyroid subjects had normal prolactin and FSH, high LH and high sex steroid levels.Conclusions:The study demonstrated that thyroid disease in women causes menstrual abnormalities due to altered gonadotropinpatterns which in turn alter ovarian hormone pattern. Hypothyroidism is associated with hyperprolactinemia leading to anovulation and abnormal menstrual cycle. Hyperthyroidism is associated with increased levels of LH, estrogen and testosterone with normal levels of PRL and FSH. Screening, identifying and correcting thyroid disease should be undertaken to prevent infertility as early as possible.

Clinical Profile of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome Patients In Tertiary Care Hospital

Background: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is common gynecological endocrinopathy characterized by chronic anovulation and hyperandrogenism affecting 5-10% of women worldwide. It is a heterogenous, multifactorial, complex genetic disorder with uncertain etiology and is one of the most common treatable cause of infertility. Aim:To study the various clinical presentations in polycystic ovarian syndrome. Methodology: Present study is cross sectional observational study carried out in tertiary care center. This study was performed in the Out Patient Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology. Results: The mean age of 41 patients in the study was 23.6 years. Most common presenting symptom in patients is menstrual irregularities (89%) followed by infertility and hirsutism. USG (abdomen & pelvis) showing polycystic ovarian syndrome ovaries. Around 39% patients with PCOS developed insulin resistance. Conclusion:PCOS is more prevalent disorder among women of reproductive age with lifelong complications. Most challenging aspects of this syndrome is its ambiguous diagnostic criteria and wide complexity of characteristics

Role of anti-mullerian hormone as a diagnostic tool for polycystic ovary syndrome

Background: PCOS has been recognized as the most frequent endocrinopathy among reproductive aged women. This study has been done to determine whether the measurement of serum AMH can be used to diagnose PCOS and as a tool to predict the prognosis of PCOS.Methods: This was a prospective case control study on a woman attending gynae OPD of LLRM Medical College, Meerut, from May 2018 to June 2019. Study comprised of 50 women diagnosed with PCOS using Rotterdam criteria and 50 controls. Clinical data were collected including history, oligomenorrhea, hirsutism, examination included BMI, FG score and blood investigations including serum FSH, LH, TSH, prolactin, estradiol and serum AMH level. USG was done for all women.Results: Both PCOS cases and controls were matched for age and BMI. Mean level of AMH in PCOS cases and controls was 7.1096 and 2.423 respectively, AMH was two to three times higher in women with PCOS than controls which was statistically significant (p<0.05). Most frequent phenotype of PCOS in this study was phenotype A (48%). Highest mean level of AMH was also found in phenotype A (OA+HA+PCOM), thus reflecting the severity of PCOS. Maximum diagnostic potential for PCOS was at cut off 4.22 ng/ml with sensitivity of 92.5% and specificity of 100%.Conclusions: AMH level can be used as diagnostic and prognostic modalities in PCOS. AMH value rises when hyperandrogenism is present therefore serum AMH levels also reflect the phenotype of PCOS and severity of PCOS.

A cross-sectional study on obesity and menstrual abnormalities among women of reproductive age in urban field practice area of Kempegowda Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangalore

Background: Obesity is on the rise among Indian women; increasing from 12.6% (NFHS-3) to 20.7% (NFHS-4). This leads to dysregulation of several groups of hormones and has deleterious effect on the reproductive system. Extra adipocytes are sources of extra estrogen that can cause menstrual disorders such as oligomenorrhoea, polymenorrhoea, menorrhagia and metrorrhagia. Counselling women about weight reduction will help in improving their reproductive health and quality of life. Thus, the present study was done to assess obesity among women and to describe the menstrual abnormalities among them; simultaneously, the perception of obesity among these women was also assessed.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted by doing house to house survey among 250 women of reproductive age residing in the urban field practice area of KIMS, Bangalore for a period of 3 months from June to August 2018. Details about socio-demographic factors, presence of any menstrual abnormalities and perception of obesity were collected using questionnaire by house to house survey. Anthropometric measurements were done and BMI was calculated. Data was entered in MS excel and analysed using appropriate statistical tests.Results: The study included 250 subjects; among whom 59.2% were obese. The common menstrual problems reported were dysmenorrhea (52.8%), oligomenorrhea (20.4%), hypomenorrhea (14.1%), menorrhagia (13.6%) and polymenorrhea (1.6%). Menstrual problems affected daily activities in 50.7% subjects. The difference between perception of their body image and their actual weight was found to be statistically significant.Conclusions: Obesity is an important health issue among women and most of them had menstrual abnormalities.

Study of prevalence and determinants of polycystic ovarian syndrome among adolescent girls in rural area: a prospective study

Background: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is the most frequent endocrinological disorder affecting 5-10% of women in the reproductive age. This prevalence ranging from 2.2% to 26% in adult women from 18-45 year. In a recent study the prevalence of a confirmed diagnosis of PCOS in adolescents aged 10 to 19 years was 5-15%, which increased to 10-22%. When undiagnosed cases with documented symptoms qualifying for PCOS according to NIH (National institute of Health) criteria were included. PCOS is a complex endocrine disorder which is most common in women of reproductive age. PCOS may first present in adolescence, but the incidence of PCOS in adolescence is not known, as diagnostic criteria for PCOS in the adolescent age-group is still not defined, PCOS symptoms tend to overlap with normal pubertal changes making the diagnosis even more challenging. The objective is to study prevalence and symptomatology of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in adolescent girls.Methods: Prospective Cross sectional study between April 2018 and March 2019. 150 adolescent girls aged 10 to 19 years attending OPD with oligomenorrhea, irregular menstrual cycle, obesity and/or hirsutism were advised for biochemical, hormonal, and ultrasonographic evaluation for diagnosis of PCOS on the basis of Rotterdam's criteria at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences, Deemed University, Karad, Maharashtra, India.Results: Prevalence of PCOS in the study was 17.33% in the study group.Conclusions: PCOS is increasingly encountered during adolescence, although the overall prevalence is low and evaluation of PCOS in adolescents is challenging. At this age, lifestyle modification is imperative to prevent long-term metabolic and reproductive complications.

The Association between Oligomenorrhea, Onset of Menopause and Metabolic Syndrome in Thai Postmenopausal Women

OBJECTIVES: This study explored the association between a history of oligomenorrhea and onset of menopause and metabolic parameters. METHODS: The study population was 605 postmenopausal women who were patients at the Menopause Clinic, Maharaj Nakorn Chiang Mai Hospital, Chiang Mai, Thailand between February 2015 and December 2015. A questionnaire was used to ask all women about their history of oligomenorrhea. The study also collected medical data, including weight, height, waist circumference, blood pressure, and blood glucose and lipid profile. RESULTS: Of the 231 postmenopausal women with a complete data record, 31 had a history of oligomenorrhea and 200 did not. The age of onset of menopause was around 48 years in both groups. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 12.1%. More women with a waist circumference larger than 80 cm had a history of oligomenorrhea at the interview than women who had not, but a history of oligomenorrhea did not relate to other metabolic parameters. The adjusted odds ratio of a history of oligomenorrhea to waist circumference was 3.69 (95% confidence interval, 1.17–11.64). CONCLUSIONS: A history of oligomenorrhea did not affect the age at menopause, but was associated with waist circumference during menopause.

Niveles de hormona antimülleriana en pacientes con síndrome de ovario poliquístico / AMH hormone levels in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome

OBJETIVO: Determinar los valores de hormona antimülleriana en pacientes con síndrome de ovario poliquístico de la consulta de Endocrinología Ginecológica del Hospital Universitario de Caracas en el lapso de marzo-septiembre de 2013. MÉTODOS: Se realizó un estudio de tipo prospectivo, descriptivo y longitudinal, con muestreo secuencial simple de 30 pacientes entre los 18-39 años que cumplían con los criterios de Rotterdam. Se realizaron determinaciones de hormona antimülleriana tomando como valor control 3,5 para síndrome de ovario poliquístico. Se determinaron los niveles de hormona antimülleriana en los diferentes grupos etarios y se correlacionaron los valores de la hormona según la presencia de ciclos ovulatorios o anovulatorios y su relación con el índice de masa corporal y con niveles de andrógenos. RESULTADOS: El total de la muestra fue de 30 pacientes: 20 % (6/30) entre los 18 y 24 años, 56,5 7 % (17/30) 25-30 años, 16, 7 % (5/30) 31-36 años y 6, 7 %(2/30) 37-40 años. El índice de masa corporal osciló entre 19 y 48 kg/m² con mediana en 26,10 kg/m². Los valores de hormona antimülleriana oscilaron entre 1,90 y 22,20, x=10,22. El 3,33 %(1/30) presentó valores inferiores a 3 y el 96,6 7 % (29/30) superaron este valor. Se establecieron los valores de hormona antimülleriana para los distintos grupos etarios que componen la muestra. El coeficiente de correlación de Pearson entre índice de masa corporal y hormona antimülleriana reporta un valor r=0,03 lo que sugiere una relación directa muy baja entre ambas variables. Al considerar la condición de ciclos anovulatorios dependiente de hormona antimülleriana, el coeficiente alcanza el valor 0,95, con una relación muy alta, donde 24 pacientes anovulatorias tienen valores de hormona antimülleriana que oscilan entre 4,80 y 22,20, x=10,86. El coeficiente de correlación de Pearson r=-0,03 indica una relación inversa muy baja entre hormona antimülleriana y 17OHPG y el coeficiente de correlación de Pearson r=0,04 indica una relación directa muy baja entre hormona antimülleriana y testosterona. CONCLUSIONES: La hormona antimülleriana se encuentra elevada en pacientes con síndrome de ovario poliquístico (valores superiores a 3). No se encontró relación significativa entre niveles de hormona antimülleriana e índice de masa corporal y una relación directa muy baja con la presencia de hiperandrogenismo bioquímico. Sin embargo, si se encontró correlación entre los ciclos anovulatorios y más elevados de hormona antimülleriana.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the values of antimülleriana hormone in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome who were treated at the Gynecology office of the University Hospital of Caracas between March to September 2013. METHODS: A prospective, descriptive and longitudinal study with simple sequential sampling of 30 patients between the ages of 18-39 who met the Rotterdam criteria was performed. Antimülleriana hormone determinations were performed using a 3.5 value as a control for polycystic ovary syndrome. Antimülleriana hormone levels were determined in the different age groups and hormone values were then correlated according to the presence of ovulatory or anovulatory cycles and its relationship with BMI and androgen levels. RESULTS: 30 patients were recruited for the study: 20 % (6/30) between 18 and 24 years old, 56.5 7 % (17/30) between 25-30 years old, 16. 7 % (5/30) between 31-36 years old and 6. 7 % (2/30) between 37-40 years old. The BMI ranged between 19 and 48 kg/m² with a median of 26.10 kg/m². The antimülleriana hormone values ranged between 1.90 and 22.20, x = 10.22. 3.33 % (1/30) had values less than 3 and 96.6 7 % (29/30) exceeded this value. Antimülleriana hormone values were established for the different age groups. The Pearson correlation coefficient between BMI and antimülleriana hormone yielded a value of r = 0.03 suggesting a very low direct relationship between the two variables. When considering the anovulatory cycles condition dependent of antimülleriana hormone, the eta coefficient value reached 0.95 with a very high relationship, where 24 anovulatory patients with antimülleriana hormone values ranging between 4.80 and 22.20, x = 10, 86. The Pearson correlation coefficient r = -0.03 indicates a very low inverse relationship between the antimülleriana hormone and the 17OHPG. Also the Pearson correlation coefficient r = 0.04 indicates a very low direct relationship between antimülleriana hormone and testosterone. CONCLUSIONS: The antimülleriana hormone is elevated in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (values greater than 3). No significant relationship was found between antimülleriana hormone and BMI levels and a very low direct relationship with the presence of biochemical hyperandrogenism. However, a dependency among the anovulatory cycles dependent of the higher values of antimülleriana hormone was found.

Relationship of age at menarche on anthropometric index and menstrual irregularity in late adolescent girls in Seoul

PURPOSE: To examine the relationship between menarcheal age and anthropometric indices and menstrual irregularity in late adolescent girls in Seoul. METHODS: We surveyed 4,218 fertile adolescent girls between the ages of 16 and 18 years to determine their anthropometric indices and menarcheal age. Measurements were taken from June 2008 to October 2009 at seven girl's high schools in Seoul, Korea. Participants were offered self-report questionnaire as a survey tool that included questions on anthropometric indices (height, weight, waist circumference), menarcheal age, menstrual pattern, frequency of menstruation per year. RESULTS: The participants were categorized into three groups based on menarcheal age: early menarche group (younger than 2 standard deviations [SD]), mid menarche group (within +/-2 SD), late menarche group (older than 2 SD). The mean age of early menarche group was 9.9+/-0.2 years, mid menarche group 12.5+/-0.9 years, late menarche group 15.1+/-0.3 years (P < 0.001). Heights were recorded as 160.4+/-5.2 cm, 161.8+/-4.9 cm, 162.3+/-4.7 cm in early, mid, and late menarche group, respectively (P = 0.001). Body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference significantly were lager in early menarche group than mid and late menarche ones (P < 0.001). The menarcheal age had a positive correlation with height and negative correlations with weight, BMI, waist circumference (P < 0.001). The prevalence of oligomenorrhea was more frequent in late menarche group than early and mid menarche group. CONCLUSION: The menarcheal age have positive relationship with height and inverse relationship with BMI and waist circumference in late adolescent girls in Seoul. Late menarcheal girls are disposed to have menstrual irregularity compared to early menarcheal girls.

Evaluation of Efficacy and Safety of Evecare Syrup in Menstrual Irregularities: A Multicentric, Post Marketing Surveillance Study.

A total of 1,000 female patients aged between 18-45 years with menstrual irregularities and those willing to give informed consent were included in this multicentric, post marketing surveillance study. At the initial visit, a detailed medical history, symptomatic evaluation and gynecological evaluation was carried out in all the patients. Out of the 1,000 patients, 372 had dysmenorrhea, 388 had menorrhagia and 240 patients had oligomenorrhea. Each patient was administered Evecare Syrup at a dose of 15 ml, twice-daily for a period of three months. Statistical analysis was carried out using GraphPad Prism, Version 4.03. In 372 patients suffering from dysmenorrhea, 14 had slight abdominal pain and 358 of them had total absence of symptoms at the end of treatment. In patients with menorrhagia, significant reduction was observed in the mean score of duration of menstruation, quantity of blood loss, blood flow loss and character of blood flow changed from clot to flow after treatment with Evecare Syrup. At the end of three months of treatment, 238 patients had normal menstruation, normal duration and flow in oligomenorrhea. No clinically significant adverse drug reactions were reported except for one patient, who had symptoms of nausea; one patient had symptoms of gaseous distension at third month of treatment and it did not require additional treatment or drug withdrawal. The results of the present study showing clinical benefit of Evecare Syrup appear promising in the management of menstrual irregularities.

Effects of electroacupuncture on menstrual cycle at puberty / 全日本鍼灸学会雑誌

[Objective]To clarify the effects of electroacupuncture (EA) on the menstrual cycle at puberty, we investigated whether or not EA influences the menstrual cycle, the number of ovulations, and the duration of the high-temperature phase. Also we investigated the improvement of menstrual disorder and changes in body mass index (BMI) by EA treatment.<BR>[Methods]Twenty-five female students participated in this study. <BR>Non-treatment periods from three to four months were evaluated before EA treatment. During treatment, EA was performed once a week. We compared the menstrual cycle, the number of ovulations, and the duration of the high temperature phase for non-treatment and EA treatment periods. To evaluate the relation between BMI and improvement of menstrual disorder by EA, female students were divided into two groups, improvement or not-improvement group.<BR>[Results]Twenty female students were analyzed in this study. In those with extended periods of amenorrhea, the menstrual cycle became significantly shorter during EA (P< 0.001). In those with polymenorrhea, the menstrual cycle became significantly longer during EA (P< 0.05), reaching a normal cycle length. Improvement of the menstrual cycle was found in 30.0%of the subjects. However, an increase in the number of ovulations and extended duration of the high temperature phase were found in 20.0%and 25.0%of the subjects, respectively. Although BMI did not vary significantly between the improvement and the not-improvement groups, the percentage of those with normal weight tended to be higher in the improvement group than in the not-improvement group. <BR>[Conclusion]These findings suggest that EA influences follicular growth. However, it had been thought that EA could not influence ovulation or affect luteal function. Additionally, when BMI is nearly normal, it appears more likely that acupuncture is effective for menstrual disorder at puberty.

Long Menstrual Cycle Is Associated with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Korean Women

BACKGROUND: Long menstrual cycle is a risk factor for developing type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease in women. We aimed to evaluate the association between existing type 2 diabetes and oligomenorrhea before diagnosis of diabetes, and to observe the differences in this association among obese and non-obese Korean women. METHODS: Patients with type 2 diabetes (n=118) and without any clinical evidence of abnormal glucose regulation (n=258) who attended the outpatient clinic of a university hospital and were over age 30. Patients self-reporting a menstrual cycle over 40 days during their 20s were defined as oligomenorrhea before diagnosis of diabetes. Obesity was defined as having a body mass index (BMI) over 25 kg/m2. RESULTS: The frequency of oligomenorrhea before diagnosis of diabetes was almost two-fold higher in women with type 2 diabetes than in the control group (16.1% vs. 8.5%, P=0.03). Oligomenorrhea was associated with type 2 diabetes after adjusting for age, BMI, systolic blood pressure, triglycerides, and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (odds ratio, 3.89; 95% confidence interval, 1.37 to 11.04). Among women with oligomenorrhea before diagnosis of diabetes, the frequency of type 2 diabetes was significantly higher in obese subjects than in their non-obese counterparts (90.9% vs. 30.0%, P=0.03). CONCLUSION: Having a long menstrual cycle could be a risk factor for the development of type 2 diabetes, especially in obese women.

Medical diagnosis and treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome / 대한내과학회지

No abstract available.

Tratamiento de hiperprolactinemia idiopática con lisurida

La lisurida es un 8-amino-ergoleno con importante actividad agonista de la dopamina, y por tanto de la secreción de prolactina. Para evaluar la eficacia y seguridad a corto plazo de este medicamento, como proceder terapéutico en el tratamiento de la hiperprolactinemia ideopática, comparándola con la bromocriptina, ejecutamos un ensayo clínico en 20 mujeres hiperprolactinémicas no tumorales de reciente diagnóstico, en las cuales se eliminaron las demás causas conocidas. Las pacientes se asignaron de manera aleatoria a 2 grupos de tratamiento, el grupo I recibió bromocriptina (parlodel) en dosis diaria de 2,5 mg y el grupo II, lisurida (lysenil forte) en dosis de 0,2 mg al día. A todas se les determinó prolactina (PRL) plasmática en los momentos siguientes: basal y los días 1, 7, 14, 21 y 28 después de iniciado el tratamiento. En ningún momento se encontraron diferencias estadísticas significativas entre ambos medicamentos en cuanto a los valores de PRL plasmática. Los síntomas colaterales se presentaron en 8 pacientes del grupo I y en 11 del grupo II, predominó la constipación como el efecto más referido. Se concluye que la lisurida resulta tan eficaz como la bromocriptina para disminuir las cifras de prolactina en pacientes con hiperprolactinemia idiopática y que, a corto plazo, sus efectos secundarios son similares a los ya señalados con el uso de la bromocriptina, pero en términos económicos la lisurida resulta mucho más barata, por lo que recomendamos evaluar su eficacia a largo plazo con el fin de considerarla como un tratamiento alternativo eficaz, seguro y económico.

Lysuride, 8-amino-argolene has a very important agonist activity for dopamine, and hence for prolactin secretion. A clinical trial was carried out in 20 women presenting with non-tumor hyperprolactinemia with the aim of assessing the efficacy and safety of this drug as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of idiopathic hyperprolactinemia in comparison to bromocriptine. Patients were randomly assigned to 2 groups of treatment; Group I received bromocriptine (Parlodel ) in a dose of 2.5 mg/day and Group II received lysuride (Lysemil forte) in a dose of 0.2 mg/day. Plasma prolactin levels (PRL) were determined as follows: Basal PRL and on days 1, 7, 14, 21, and 28 after treatment. No significant statistical differences were found between both drugs regarding plasma prolactin levels. Eight patients from group I and 11 from group II presented with side-effects. Constipation was reported as the most frequent side-effect. It is concluded that lysuride is as effective as bromocriptine for reducing prolactin levels in patients with idiopathic hyperprolactinemia, and that its side-effects are similar to the ones of bromocriptine, but lysuride appears to be cheaper from the economic point of view. That's why we recommend to evaluate its short-term efficacy in order to use it as an alternative effective, safe, and economic treatment modality.