Analysis of 74 Open Globe Injuries Requiring Vitreo-Retinal Intervention and Its Correlation with Ocular Trauma Score

Aim: Retrospective study of 74 eyes with open globe injuries requiring V-R Intervention & its correlation with ocular trauma score.Results: Commonest cause of injury: Hammer-chisel/stone in 32.43% (24) & Thorn/wooden stick 27% (20). Average age-30.5yrs. Average interval between trauma & intervention was -10.04days (4hrs – 52days).Discussion: Delay of presentation to ophthalmologist has lot of significance,high incidence of endophthalmitis & retinal detachment compared to other studies. Surgical outcome shows lower incidence of NO Light Perception & Significant reduction in number of cases with </=HM. Patients had better prognosis & visual outcome, higher incidence of 1/200- 20/50; 35.14% cases with >20/200. 60% of our cases had traumatic cataract, visual acuity may be underestimated in traumatic cataract. Faulty Projection of rays probably would be better criteria than RAPD. Extension of wound beyond pars plana, and aniridia (6.7%) are important risk factor.Conclusion: Modification of raw points is recommended in OTS criteria in Indian scenario.

Cardiac electrophysiological effect of (S)-OTS·HCl, a derivative of Baogongteng A / 上海交通大学学报（医学版）

Objective · To study the electrophysiological effect of (S)-OTS·HCl on the heart. Methods · The conventional intracellular recording, electrocardiograph (ECG) and Langendorff cardiac perfusion technique were employed to investigate the effect of (S)-OTS·HCl on in-vivo and in-vitro hearts of guinea pigs and rabbits. Results · (S)-OTS·HCl could bind to M2 muscarinic receptors and dose-dependently prolong the RR intervals significantly in vivo. It had no effect on resting potential (RP), action potential amplitude (APA), and maximum upstroke velocity of phase 0 (Vmax) of ventricular myocytes. Instead, 1×10-5 mol/L (S)-OTS·HCl could shorten the action potential duration at 50 percent repolarization (APD50) and APD90 to 91.6% and 90.9%, respectively. And the spontaneous depolarization rate of phase 4 (SDR) of sinus nodes was reduced to its 13.7% when rabbit sinus nodes were exposed to 1×10-7 mol/L (S)-OTS·HCl. (S)-OTS·HCl could inhibit Ca2+channel effectively. It decreased APA and Vmax of sinus nodes and attenuated the cardiac contractility in vitro. Conclusion · (S)-OTS·HCl is a potent cholinergic agonist and has negative chronotropic, dromotropic, and inotropic effects on hearts via binding to M2 muscarinic receptors.

Trauma ocular y politrauma / Ocular trauma and multitrauma

Se realizó una revisión sobre el trauma ocular y su manejo en pacientes politraumatizados. Entre las causas más frecuentes de trauma ocular se encuentran los accidentes domésticos, laborales, juegos, actividades recreativas y deportivas. Involucran en un alto por ciento a niños y jóvenes, y predomina el sexo masculino en casi todos los trabajos revisados. No solo en Cuba sino en el mundo, el trauma ocular es fuente importante de ceguera unilateral o bilateral. Se presenta un breve compendio de los términos y definiciones actuales que son utilizados para el manejo del trauma ocular, su clasificación y la ventaja que ofrece aplicar el Puntaje del Trauma Ocular, OTS (Ocular Trauma Score), para el pronóstico de la agudeza visual final de acuerdo a los hallazgos clínicos encontrados en la evaluación inicial. Se hace referencia a los pacientes con politrauma y los aspectos a tener en cuenta por el oftalmólogo para tomar conducta cuando estos presentan heridas penetrantes o perforantes y tienen compromiso vital. En estos casos se hace necesaria la colaboración urgente de múltiples especialistas para primero mantener al paciente con vida y luego disminuir las complicaciones que repercuten en su pronóstico visual.

A review was made on the ocular trauma and its management in multitrauma patients. The most common causes comprise domestic and occupational accidents, games, recreational and sport activities. It involves more frequently a high percentage of young people, with male prevalence in almost all the reviewed papers. Ocular trauma is an important source of unilateral or bilateral blindness not only in Cuba but worldwide as well. A brief summary of the current terms and definitions used to manage ocular trauma, their classification and the advantage of the Ocular Trauma Score (OTS) to know the possible final visual acuity, according to the clinical findings at the emergency room, were presented. Reference was also made to the multitrauma patients and to those elements that the ophthalmologist must take into account to adopt appropriate actions when the patient’s wounds are penetrating or perforating and life-threatening. These cases require efficient cooperation among many specialists to preserve patient's life and to reduce complications affecting the final visual prognosis.

Utilidad del "Ocular Trauma Score" como herramienta de pronóstico visual en lesiones traumáticas oculares / Usefulness of the Ocular Trauma Score as a visual prognostic tool in ocular trauma injuries

OBJETIVO: Analizar la utilidad y aplicabilidad del Sistema de Puntaje del Trauma Ocular para el pronóstico visual en pacientes con trauma en el Servicio de Oftalmología del Hospital Clínicoquirúrgico "Calixto García". MÉTODOS: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, longitudinal, retrospectivo, incluyéndose 171 pacientes adultos con diagnóstico de trauma ocular severo, admitidos para ingreso en el periodo comprendido entre enero del 2005 y 2008. Se evaluó a cada paciente inicialmente con el Ocular Trauma Score y se analizó como variable dependiente, la agudeza visual final como mínimo tras 6 meses de seguimiento. Esta variable se analizó con fines comparativos con su valor inicial categorizado y estratificado según el Ocular Trauma Score y con el rango esperado de la misma chi-cuadrado, así como se determinó posibles correlaciones entre esta y otras variables. Se tomaron como significativos valores de p £ 0,05. RESULTADOS: Se realizó un seguimiento promedio de 17,6 meses. La edad promedio fue de 43,89 años, con predominio del sexo masculino (83,32 por ciento). Las lesiones traumáticas "A Globo Cerrado" fueron las más frecuentes (59,5 por ciento), fundamentalmente las contusiones (47,5 por ciento). Las lesiones oculares "A Globo Abierto" se correlacionaron con una baja agudeza visual inicial (r²= 0,78; p= 0,045) y final (r²= 0,86; p= 0,02). Los valores de agudeza visual final real vs. esperada para cada categoría del OTS presentaron correlación significativa (r² > 0,98; p < 0,002) sin diferencias según el test de chi-cuadrado en 25 de las 29 probabilidades pronósticas visuales. CONCLUSIONES: El Ocular Trauma Score es un sistema que proporciona un adecuado y acertado pronóstico en cuanto a la agudeza visual final en pacientes con trauma ocular severo.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the usefulness and applicability of the Ocular Trauma Score (OTS) for visual prognosis in patients with ocular trauma at the ophthalmology service of "Calixto García" clinical and surgical hospital. METHODS: A retrospective, cross-sectional and descriptive study including 171 patients diagnosed with severe ocular trauma and admitted to hospital from January 2005 to January 2008 was conducted. Each patient was evaluated by the OTS at the beginning, and the depending variable of the best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) after six-month follow-up was analyzed. This variable was analyzed to compare its initial value, ranked and stratified according the OTS and chi². The correlations between this variable and the others were determined. Accepted values of p £ 0.05 were considered as significant values. RESULTS: The average length of follow-up was 17.6 months. The mean age was 43.89 years and the male sex prevailed in 83.32 percent of cases. The ocular injuries "Closed globe" were the most frequent (59.5 percent), mainly contusions (47.5 percent). The ocular injuries "Open globe" correlated with low initial visual acuity (r²= 0.78; p= 0.045) and low final visual acuity (r²= 0.86; p= 0.02). The values of real vs expected final visual acuity for each OTS category showed significant correlation (r²> 0.98; p< 0.002), without differences on chi² test in 25 of 29 prognostic visual probabilities. CONCLUSIONS: The Ocular Trauma Score is a system that provides an adequate and accurate prognosis of final visual acuity in patients with severe ocular trauma.

Studies on effect of main active principles in ZHIGANCAO DECOCTION on myocardial electrophysiology / 中草药

Object To study the influence of main active principles of ZHIGANCAO DECOCTIDN (ZD), glycyrrhizic acid (GA), ginseng total saponin (GTS) and Ophiopogon total saponin (OTS) on electrophysiology of isolated rat myocardium Methods The influence of GA, GTS and OTS on the automaticity, excitability and functional refractory period of isolated rat atrium and papillary muscle were studied in comparison with ZD made free of the above said active ingredients Results The combine use of GA, GTS and OTS significantly decreased the automaticity, inhibited excitaibility and prolonged the functional refractory period of isolated rat atrium; decreased the automaticity and arrhythmia of papillary muscle induced by epinephrine, while ZD made free of GS, GTS and OTS showed much less effect than the intact decoction Conclusion GA, GTS and OTS proved to be the main effective ingredients responsible for the antiarrhythmic activity of ZD