Dieta rica em fibra promove efeitos metabólicos, hormonais e de saciedade em mulheres obesas com restrição calórica de curto prazo / High-fiber diet promotes metabolic, hormonal, and satiety effects in obese women on a short-term caloric restriction

ABSTRACT Background: Several mechanisms, including excessive hunger, account for patients' difficulties in maintaining weight loss and dietary changes after caloric restriction. Objective: To evaluate the effect of short-term high-fiber calorie-restricted diet in appetite-regulating hormones, and hunger and satiety sensations in women with obesity. Methds: In a randomized controlled trial study, thirty women with body mass index (BMI) higher than 30 kg/m2, and aged from 20 to 50 years were hospitalized following a calorie-restricted diet (1000 kcal/day) for three days. The experimental group (n=15) received high-fiber diet and the control group (n=15), conventional diet. Body weight, BMI, resting energy expenditure (REE), acylated and total ghrelin, leptin, insulin and glucose, and hunger and satiety sensations were evaluated. Linear regression models with mixed effects (fixed and random effects) helped to assess the variables between the two groups and within the groups. Results: Body weight and BMI decreased in both the experimental and control groups (P<0.001). After the high-fiber diet, postprandial acylated ghrelin (P=0.04), glucose (P<0.001), insulin (P=0.04), and leptin (P=0.03) levels as well as the HOMA-IR index (P=0.01) decreased, whereas satiety improved (P=0.02). Obese women that followed the conventional diet had increased body fat percentage (P=0.04) and lower REE (P=0.02). The two diets did not differ in terms of hunger sensation. Conclusion: A short-term high-fiber diet improves satiety sensations and metabolic parameters while suppressing postprandial acylated ghrelin (60 minutes) and maintaining the resting energy expenditure.

RESUMO Contexto: Vários mecanismos, incluindo a fome excessiva, são responsáveis pelas dificuldades dos pacientes em manter a perda de peso e mudanças na dieta após a restrição calórica. Objetivo: Avaliar o efeito da dieta de curta duração rica em fibras e com restrição calórica nos hormônios reguladores do apetite e nas sensações de fome e saciedade em mulheres com obesidade. Métodos: Em um estudo randomizado controlado, 30 mulheres com índice de massa corporal (IMC) superior a 30 kg/m2 e com idade entre 20 e 50 anos foram hospitalizadas seguindo dieta com restrição calórica (1000 kcal/dia) por 3 dias. O grupo experimental (n=15) recebeu dieta rica em fibras e o grupo controle (n=15), dieta convencional. Foram avaliados peso corporal, IMC, gasto energético de repouso (GER), grelina acilada e total, leptina, insulina e glicose e sensações de fome e saciedade. Modelos de regressão linear com efeitos mistos (efeitos fixos e aleatórios) ajudaram a avaliar as variáveis entre os dois grupos e dentro dos grupos. Resultados: O peso corporal e o IMC diminuíram tanto no grupo experimental quanto no controle (P<0,001). Após a dieta rica em fibras, os níveis de grelina acilada pós-prandial (P=0,04), glicose (P<0,001), insulina (P=0,04) e leptina (P=0,03), bem como o índice HOMA-IR (P=0,01) diminuiu, enquanto a saciedade melhorou (P=0,02). Mulheres obesas que seguiram a dieta convencional apresentaram aumento do percentual de gordura corporal (P=0,04) e menor GER (P=0,02). As duas dietas não diferiram em termos de sensação de fome. Conclusão: Uma dieta rica em fibras de curto prazo melhora as sensações de saciedade e os parâmetros metabólicos, suprimindo a grelina acilada pós-prandial (60 minutos) e mantendo o gasto energético de repouso.

Study of Maternal and Fetal Outcomes in Obese Women

Background: Obesity in Indian women had increased from 10.6% to 14.8% in India. Mothers who are overweight or obese during pregnancy and childbirth cause significant antenatal, intrapartum, postpartum and also neonatal complications. Aim and Objective: The present study aimed to explore various maternal and fetal outcomes influenced by maternal obesity. The objective was to find the effect of obesity on maternal and perinatal outcome among obese pregnant women compared to those of normal weight. Methods: The study was conducted in antenatal women attending antenatal outpatient department of of Obstetrics and Gynecology in a teriary care referral hospital in Mumbai. Results recorded in simple percentages. Results: Eighteen percent cases developed gestational diabetes mellitus during their antenatal period and 15% developed gestational hypertension. 44% patients underwent lower segment caesarean section. The need for induction of labour and caesarean section was found to be 37% which is significantly higher. Increased NICU admissions due to hypoglycemia or congenital malformations,prematurity was found to be on a higher side. Conclusions: It was clearly evident from the present study that maternal obesity had adverse maternal and fetal outcomes. Maternal obesity was strongly associated with antenatal complications like gestational diabetes mellitus, gestational hypertension, preeclampsia and increase in need for induction of labour and operative interference.

Comparative evaluation of iron profile in premenopausal obese women with women of normal body mass index

Background: Obesity has become a common problem worldwide due to changes in lifestyle and food habits. Obesity has been associated with many chronic diseases like diabetes mellitus, hypertension, gallstones etc. Excessive adipose tissue through release of adipokines maybe a risk factor for derangements in iron parameters. Authors aim is to study Serum Iron, TIBC, and Serum Ferritin levels in Obese women (BMI >25 kg/m2) in age group of 16 to 45 years and its comparison with normal BMI women.Methods: The case control study was conducted on 100 patients divided into two groups. Group A included 50 patients of obese women (BMI >25 kg/m2) in age group of 16 to 45 years. Group B consists of 50 control patients in similar age group with BMI of 18-23 kg/m2. Serum Iron, TIBC, and Serum Ferritin levels were measured in both groups and compared.Results: The study showed significant derangements of iron parameters in obese women.Serum Ferritin was significantly raised (p<0.001) in obese women whereas Serum Iron and TIBC were significantly decreased in obese women as compared to control group. No significant difference was seen in Serum Hemoglobin and MCV.Conclusions: Obesity is associated with derangements in iron parameters in women of reproductive age group similar to derangements seen in chronic inflammatory state.

Effect Of Low-Impact Aerobic Dance And Zumba Exercises On Body Fat Percentage In Obese Women

@#The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of low-impact aerobic dance and zumba exercises in reducing the percentage of body fat in obese women in terms of the Body Mass Index (BMI). Forty obese women (mean age 33.9±7.1 years) were selected and divided into two experimental groups, namely: low-impact aerobic dance (n=20) and zumba (n=20). The participants were also divided based on the BMI which gave the mild and severe obesity groups. The research instrument was a skinfold caliper which was used to measure the thickness of the body fat. The experiment was carried out 3 times a week for 8 weeks and the participants from both groups performed exercises for a duration of 60 minutes. The analysis of data between the experimental groups showed that there were significant differences between these exercises (r=0.005; p<0.05), the levels of obesity (r=0,000; p<0.05), and there were interactions between the exercises and the levels of obesity (r=0,000; p<0,05), from the pre-test to the post-test. The results showed that low-impact aerobic dance was more effectively used in reducing the percentage of body fat in obese women at the severe levels while zumba was effectively used in reducing the percentage of body fat in obese women with mild obesity, therefore the two exercises had an influence in reducing the percentage of body fat.

Influence of an intervention program promoting voluntary fasting practices and its perceived barriers among overweight or obese Muslim women working in the public sector, Malaysia

@#Introduction: This article aims to describe the effect of an intervention to promote the practice of voluntary Islamic fasting and its barriers among a group of overweight and obese Muslim women working in the public sector in Malaysia. Materials and methods: In this quasi-experimental study, an intervention to encourage voluntary fasting was delivered in a half day seminar, supported by relevant booklets prepared. A self-administered questionnaire was used to capture data on voluntary fasting practices and its perceived barriers before and four months after the intervention. Data was analysed using Mc Nemar test to compare the proportion before and after the intervention. Significant level was set at p<0.05. Results: A total of 56 women were recruited. Their mean age was 36.65 years, most were married, had formal education up to secondary level and median income of RM 3000 per month. At baseline, 60.7% of them have practiced voluntary fasting. After intervention, the number of participants who practices voluntary fasting increased with a significant increase in three types of voluntary fasting (i.e. Mondays only, Thursdays only and 6 days in Shawal). The highest barrier to practice voluntary fasting was having no motivation to do so, followed by work commitment, health problems and family commitment. Discussion and Conclusion: Most of the respondents could practice voluntary fasting regularly if motivated to do so and backed by social support both at work and at home.

The Effect of Maté Extract on Body Weight and Fat Reduction in Obese Women: A Randomized Placebo-controlled Clinical Trial

BACKGROUND: This study was performed to investigate the effects of Maté extract on body weight and fat content in obese women [25.0 kg/m² ≤body mass index (BMI) <30 kg/m²] aged 20-65 years after 6 weeks of its administration. METHODS: The randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was conducted in 33 women. Participants took the supplement, either 2 Maté tablets or 2 placebo tablets, twice daily before meals for 6 weeks. Body weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and various safety parameters were monitored. Body composition was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry at baseline and after 6 weeks.

Importance of Lean Muscle Maintenance to Improve Insulin Resistance by Body Weight Reduction in Female Patients with Obesity

BACKGROUND: It has recently been suggested that skeletal muscle has an important role in insulin resistance in obesity, in addition to exercise tolerance and the fat index. The aim of this study was to identify body composition factors that contribute to improvement of insulin resistance in female patients with obesity who reduce body weight. METHODS: We studied 92 female obese patients (age 40.9±10.4 years, body mass index 33.2±4.6 kg/m2) who reduced body weight by ≥5% after an intervention program including diet, exercise therapy, and cognitive behavioral therapy. Before and after the intervention, body composition was evaluated by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry to examine changes in skeletal muscle mass. Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was measured as an index of insulin resistance. Cardiopulmonary exercise was also performed by all patients. RESULTS: There were significant improvements in body weight (-10.3%±4.5%), exercise tolerance (anaerobic threshold oxygen uptake 9.1%±18.4%, peak oxygen uptake 11.0%±14.2%), and HOMA-IR (-20.2%±38.3%). Regarding body composition, there were significant decreases in total body fat (-19.3%±9.6%), total fat-free mass (-2.7%±4.3%), and % body fat (-10.1%±7.5%), whereas % skeletal muscle significantly increased (8.9%±7.2%). In stepwise multiple linear regression analysis with change in HOMA-IR as the dependent variable, the change in % skeletal muscle was identified as an independent predictor (β=-0.280, R2=0.068, P<0.01). CONCLUSION: Improvement of insulin resistance in female obese patients requires maintenance of skeletal muscle mass.

Efficacy of weight loss training and oral intake of metformin in obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome / 中华内分泌外科杂志

Objective To discuss the clinical effect of weight loss training and oral intake of mefformin on obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome.Methods 60 cases of obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome in Nan'an District Maternal and Child Health Hospital were studied.They were divided into 2 groups,30 cases in each group.The control group received simple weight loss training and the observation group received weight loss training combined with the oral administration of metformin.The clinical data of the 60 cases were retrospectively analyzed and the clinical efficacy and safety of different treatment methods were evaluated.Results After treatment,two groups of patients have been effectively improved.16 cases(53.3％)in the control group and 29 cases(96.7％)in the observation group resumed normal menstruation,and the differences had statistical significance.Fasting blood sugar(FBS),BMI,testosterone and luteinizing hormone levels of the two groups had significant improvement after treatment,in addition,the improvement of these indicator were more obvious in the observation group than those in the control group,and the difference had statistical significance.The difference of FBS,BMI,testosterone and luteinizing hormone levels had statistical significance between before and after treatment(P =0.003 7,0.001 2,0.002 0 and 0.002 4,respectively).Conclusion The combination therapy of weight loss training and oral intake of metformin is effective in treating obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome.It is the main method in treating obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome.

Effect of Food Consumption Monitoring Using a Smartphone on Weight Changes in Obese Women

This study investigated the effect of food consumption monitoring and real-time communication-based weight control program using a smartphone on weight reduction and maintenance in obese women. This study consisted of two phases: an 8-week weight control program with food consumption monitoring and real-time communication using a smartphone and an 8-week follow-up. Sixteen obese female college students (>30% body fat) participated in this program, and we measured changes in body composition and dietary intake volume. Follow-up analysis focused on weight maintenance after 8 weeks of no contact. Total energy intake (P<0.01), body weight (P<0.001), percent body fat (P<0.001), body fat (P<0.05), and body mass index (P<0.001) decreased significantly after the 8-week weight control program. However, we could not observe total energy intake or body composition regain after the follow-up period. These results suggest that food consumption monitoring and real-time communication using a smartphone can be effective for weight control and maintenance.

Effect of zinc supplementation on insulin resistance and metabolic risk factors in obese Korean women

Zinc deficiency is known to be associated with insulin resistance in obese individuals. This study was performed to evaluate the effect of zinc supplementation on insulin resistance and metabolic risk factors in obese Korean women. Forty obese women (body mass index (BMI) > or = 25 kg/m2) aged 19-28 years were recruited for this study. Twenty women of the study group took 30 mg/day of supplemental zinc as zinc gluconate for 8 weeks and 20 women of control group took placebo. Usual dietary zinc intake was estimated from 3-day diet records. Insulin resistances were measured using Homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) indices, and insulin sensitivities Matsuda indices, which were calculated using oral glucose tolerance test data. Metabolic risk factors, such as waist circumference, blood pressure, fasting glucose, triglyceride, high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and adipocyte hormones such as leptin, and adiponectin were also measured. At the beginning of study, dietary zinc averaged 7.31 mg/day and serum zinc averaged 12.98 micromol/L in the study group. Zinc supplementation increased serum zinc by 15% and urinary zinc by 56% (P < 0.05). HOMA values tended to decrease and insulin sensitivity increased slightly in the study group, but not significantly so. BMI, waist circumference, blood pressure, blood glucose, triglyceride, HDL cholesterol, and adipocyte hormones did not change in either the study or control group. These results suggest that zinc status may not affect insulin resistance and metabolic risk factors in obese Korean women. Further research is required on a larger cohort with a longer follow-up to determine the effects of zinc status on insulin resistance and metabolic variables.

Effect of an abdominal obesity management program on dietary intake, stress index, and waist to hip ratio in abdominally obese women: Focus on comparison of the WHR decrease and WHR increase groups

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of an abdominal obesity management program on dietary intake, stress index, and waist to hip ratio (WHR) in abdominally obese women. The subjects were 195 adult abdominally obese women (WHR > or = 0.80) who had been participating in a nutrition education (total of nine times) and dietary habits and life style modification programs (total of six times) for 12 weeks. The abdominal obesity management program focused on the nutrition provided by breakfast, lunch, and dinner, proper dietary habits, and practices to improve life style. The subjects were divided into a WHR decrease group and a WHR increase group according to changes in the WHR. Daily nutrient intake was assessed with a 3-day food record, body measurements and blood vessel age, stress index, and a health index that were measured at baseline and after 12 weeks. After the intervention, weight, waist circumference, hip circumference, WHR, and body mass index (BMI) decreased significantly in the WHR decrease group. Energy intake increased from 1486.2 kcal to 1541.4 kcal with a significant improvement in nutrient density for animal protein, total fat, animal fat, fiber, calcium, phosphorus, zinc, vitamin B6, vitamin C, vitamin E, and saturated fatty acids in the WHR decrease group. Additionally, dietary diversity increased significantly in the WHR decrease group compared to that in the WHR increase group. The WHR decrease group showed a significant improvement in the stress and health indices. Changes in WHR were correlated with changes in nutrient intake (animal protein, total fat, animal fat, plant fat, fiber, calcium, iron, potassium, vitamin A, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, vitamin C, and folate) and medical index profiles (stress and indices) adjusted for age, birth status, baseline BMI, and baseline WHR. These results show that an abdominal obesity management program was effective not only for reducing the WHR but also to improve dietary intake and the stress index in abdominally obese women.

Adiponectina e baixo risco cardiometabólico em obesas / Adiponectin and low cardiometabolic risk in obese women

OBJETIVO: Investigar a associação entre níveis elevados de adiponectina plasmática (AdipoQ) e baixo risco cardiometabólico (RCM) em obesas (MOb). SUJEITOS E MÉTODOS: Estudo caso-controle, pareado pela idade com 306 MOb, IMC > 30 kg/m², sendo 66 (21,6 por cento) casos - todos não hipertensos, normolipídicos e não diabéticos - realizados em ambulatórios referência do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) para obesidade em Salvador. Dados secundários foram coleta-dos dos prontuários médicos, primários e complementares em laboratório de patologia clínica. Valores de AdipoQ > 10,00 µg/mL (> 3º quartil) foram considerados elevados. Foram realizadas análises: descritiva, bivariada e regressão logística condicional. RESULTADOS: Associação positiva, estatisticamente significante (ES), entre baixo RCM e AdipoQ > 10,00 µg/mL em MOb ativas fisicamente (OR= 5,1; IC95 por cento: 1,8-14,3), não fumantes (OR= 3,6; IC95 por cento: 1,6-8,4). CONCLUSÃO: Este estudo sugere que MOb ativas fisicamente, não fumantes e com níveis mais elevados de AdipoQ apresentam mais chances de baixo RCM. Torna-se importante reforçar, por meio de políticas públicas, o estímulo à adoção de comportamentos saudáveis.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between elevated levels of plasmatic adiponectin (AdipoQ) and low cardiometabolic risk (CMR) in obese women (ObW). SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Case-control study, matched by age, of 306 ObW, BMI > 30 kg/m², with 66 cases (21.6 percent) - all non-hypertensive, normolipidemic, and non-diabetic - conducted in SUS (Brazil's Public Health System) outpatient referral services for obesity in the City of Salvador, Brazil. Secondary data were collected from medical records; primary and complementary data were obtained from a clinical pathology laboratory. Values of AdipoQ > 10.00 µg/ml (> 3rd quartile) were considered elevated. Descriptive, bivariate, and conditional logistic regression analyses were performed. RESULTS: A statistically significant positive association between low CMR and AdipoQ > 10.00 µg/ml in physically active (AOR = 5.1; CI95 percent: 1.8-14.3), non-smoking (AOR = 3.6;CI95 percent: 1.6-8.4) ObW was found. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that physically active, non-smoking ObW, with higher AdipoQ levels, present greater chances of a low CMR. It becomes important to reinforce encouragement of the adoption of healthy behaviors, by means of public policies.

Fatores associados ao baixo risco cardiometabólico em mulheres obesas / Factors associated with low cardiometabolic risk in obese women

OBJETIVO: Identificar fatores associados ao baixo risco cardiometabólico (RCM) em mulheres obesas (MOb) atendidas em ambulatórios especializados do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), Salvador, Bahia, Brasil. SUJEITOS E MÉTODOS: Estudo caso-controle, pareado pela idade com 306 MOb, índice de massa corporal (IMC) > 30 kg/m², sendo 66 (21,6 por cento) casos - todos não hipertensos, normolipídicos e não diabéticos e 240 (78,4 por cento) controles. Dados secundários foram obtidos dos prontuários médicos e primários por meio de inquérito domiciliar e exames laboratoriais. Foram realizadas análises descritiva, bivariada e regressão logística condicional. RESULTADOS: Associações positivas, estatisticamente significantes, foram detectadas entre baixo RCM e consumo de frutas (> 3 porções/dia) (ORaj= 20,1; IC 95 por cento: 5,6-71,9); PCR do 1º. quartil (ORaj= 4,1; IC 95 por cento: 2,0-8,3) e da adiponectina plasmática (AdipoQ) a partir do 3º. quartil (ORaj = 2,3; IC 95 por cento: 1,1-4,8). CONCLUSÃO: Este estudo sugere que dieta rica em fibras solúveis (> 3 porções de frutas/dia), valores da PCR < 3,70 mg/L e da AdipoQ > 10,00 µg/mL podem dificultar, retardar ou impedir o aparecimento de outros fatores de risco ou doenças metabólicas em MOb.

OBJECTIVE: To identify factors associated with low cardiometabolic risk (CMR) in obese women (ObW) seen at outpatient specialty clinics of SUS (Brazilian Social Security Health System), in the City of Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Case-control study, matched by age, of 306 ObW (BMI > 30 kg/m²), including 66 (21. 6 percent) cases - normotensive, normolipidemic and nondiabetic patients - and 240 (78.4 percent) controls. Secondary data were obtained from clinical records, and primary data were collected by means of a household survey and laboratory assays. Descriptive, bivariate, and conditional logistic regression analyses were conducted. RESULTS: A positive, statistically significant association was found between low CMR and a diet containing the desirable ingestion of fruit (AOR = 20. 1, CI 95 percent 5.6-71.9); 1st CRP quartile (AOR = 4. 1, CI 95 percent 2.0-8. 3), and 3rd and 4th AdipoQ quartiles (AOR = 2.3, CI 95 percent 1.1-4. 8). CONCLUSION: This study suggests that a diet rich in soluble fibers as well as lower levels of CRP, and higher levels of AdipoQ, encumber, retard or impede the emergence of other metabolic risk factors or metabolic diseases in ObW.

The Effect of Nutrition Education and Excercise Program on Body Composition and Dietary Intakes, Blood Lipid and Physical Fitness in Obese Women (2): Relationship between Participation Rates and Effectiveness of Obesity Management Program

This study examined how the participation rates contribute to subjects' outcomes after a nutrition education (once/ week) and exercise (3 times/week) intervention program for 12 weeks in 44 obese female subjects. The subjects were divided into two groups: high-participator (HP) or low-participator (LP) groups according to their participation levels based on the median visit value (30 visits out of a total of 48 visits). Daily nutrient intakes assessed by a 24-hour recall, body composition, blood lipid profiles and physical fitness were measured at baseline and after 12 weeks. After the intervention, weight, BMI, percent body fat, and the waist-hip ratio were significantly decreased in the HP group. In addition, the HP group had a greater rates of changes in weight (HP group: -6.6% and LP group: -3.1%, p < 0.01), BMI (-7.0% and -3.2%, p < 0.01), percent body fat (-7.8% and -4.2%, p < 0.05), and waist-hip ratio (-3.1% and -0.4%, p < 0.01) compared to the LP group. Energy-adjusted protein, fiber, potassium, vitamin B1, vitamin B6, and vitamin C were significantly increased in the HP group. The HP group showed a significant increase in HDL-cholesterol and a decrease in blood pressure, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, and atherogenic index (AI). While the muscle endurance, muscle strength, power, agility and flexibility were significantly increased in the HP group, agility and balance were improved in the LP group. In addition, dietary behavior score was significantly increased and stress score decreased in the HP group compared to the LP group. High participation rates were correlated with the improvement of the nutrient density (protein, fiber, potassium, Vitamin B1, Vitamin B2, Vitamin B6 and folate), anthropometric parameters (body weight, BMI and percent body fat), serum lipid profiles (HDL-cholesterol, Triglyceride, and AI) and physical fitness (muscle endurance) adjusted for age, menopausal status, alcohol drinking, nutritional supplement use and baseline BMI. Our results suggest that high participation in nutrition education and exercise program was effective not only for weight reduction but also for the improvement of physical fitness in obese women.

The Effect of Nutrition Education and Excercise Program on Body Composition and Dietary Intakes, Blood Lipid and Physical Fitness in Obese Women

This study investigated the effects of the nutrition education and exercise program on body composition, dietary intakes and physical fitness in obese women. The subjects were 44 obese women (BMI> or = 25 kg/m2) who had been participating in nutrition education (1 time/week) and exercise program (3 time/week) for 12 weeks. Nutrition education was focused on low energy, high protein and low carbohydrate diet to reduce the body weight and improve the diet quality. To evaluate the effectiveness of the program, daily nutrient intakes were assessed by 24-hour recall method. Body composition, blood lipid profiles and physical fitness test were assessed before and after the intervention. After the intervention, body weight, BMI, percent body fat, soft lean mass and waist/hip ratio were significantly decreased (p < 0.001). Fasting blood sucrose, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and atherogenic index (AI) were significantly decreased (p < 0.001), while HDL-cholesterol was significantly increased (p < 0.001). Energy adjusted protein, fiber, vitamin A, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, vitamin C, vitamin E, niacin and folate were significantly increased. After the intervention, the muscle endurance, muscle strength, agility, balance were significantly increased. The changes in obesity indices (body weight, BMI, percent body fat, waist-hip ratio) were correlated with the changes of the nutrient intakes, serum lipid profiles, physical fitness. These results show that nutrition education and exercise program was effective not only for weight reduction but also for the improvement of physical strength and cardiovascular disease risk factors in obese women.

Effect of Aromatherapy Program on Lowering BMI and Serum Estrogen Level in Obese Post-menopause Women / 여성건강간호학회지

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to verify the effect of aromatherapy program on lowering body mass index and serum estrogen in obese post- menopause women. METHODS: One group Pretest-posttest experimental design was used. All subjects received intervention of aromatherapy program. The participants used 3% grapefruit oil, cypress and three other kinds of oil. BMI and Serum estrogen level of the participants' were measured by ZEUS 9.9(Resource Medical, 2004) and PACKARD Gamma Counter-Cobra II RI Manual(USA, 1997) before and after interventions being applied at the P. hospital. Data were analyzed by paired t-test using the SPSS/PC+Win 12 Version. RESULT: The level of serum estrogen and BMI of the participants were significantly decreased after aromathetapy program. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the effect of aromatheapy program could be utilized as an effective intervention to reduce BMI and serum estrogen level in obese post-menopause women.

Effects of Very Low Calorie Diet using Meal Replacements on Psychological Factors and Quality of Life in the Obese Women Aged Twenties

This study was performed to investigate the effects of very low calorie diet (VLCD) using meal replacements that contain the wild grass extracts based on Samul-tang ingredients on psychological factors and quality of life in the obese women (BMI > or = 25 kg/m2) for four weeks. Seventy five women (20 < or = age < 26) participated in this experiment. Subjects were randomly classified three groups: 1) General diet group (GD group, n = 27) consumed 3 regular meals within 600 kcal/day 2) Meal replacements group (MR group, n = 27) consumed 1 regular meal and 2 meal replacements within 600 kcal/day 3) Herbal Meal replacements group (HMR group, n = 27) consumed 1 regular meal and 2 meal replacements within 600 kcal/day. Physical factors (weight, BMI, fat(%)) of the HMR group significantly decreased more than those of GD and MR groups. Moreover, binge eating habit and environmental factors (surrounding support, emotional reaction, expression of opinion) of the HMR group significantly decreased more than those of GD and MR groups. Psychological factor and quality of life were no significant differences among three groups during the experimental period, because both were significantly decreased in all groups after 4 weeks. Therefore, very low calorie diet using meal replacements that contain the wild grass extracts based on Samul-tang ingredients for 4 weeks was effective on improvement of psychological factor and quality of life as well as weight reduction in the obese premenopausal women.

The correlation between hs C-reactive protein and left ventricular mass in obese women.

Plasma C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations are increased in obese individuals. In this study, we examined the correlation between hsCRP and left ventricular mass (LV mass). Fourty five healthy obese women and fourty five healthy non obese women as the controls group were studied by echocardiography and hsCRP. There was no significant correlation between hsCRP and left ventricular mass in obese women (r = 0.29, p 0.06). There was a significant correlation between hs CRP and body mass index (r = 0.46, p 0,002), and also hsCRP and visceral fat (r= 0.33, p 0.03).

Effects of the Weight Management Program Based Self-Efficacy for Body Composition, Blood Lipid Profile, Weight Self-Efficacy Lifestyles, Depression in Middle-Aged Obese Women / 간호학회지

PURPOSE: This study was done to determine the effects of weight management program using self-efficacy in middle-aged obese women. The study also attempted to measure the effects of the program on the weight efficacy lifestyle, body composition, and depression. METHOD: The research design of this study was a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design. The experimental group consisted of 21 middle-aged obese women and another 21 middle-aged obese women in the control group. The women in the experimental group participated in the weight management program for 12 weeks using self-efficacy. The weight management program using self-efficacy included education on effects of exercise for weight control, aerobic exercise program, muscle training and counseling through the telephone. RESULTS: After 12 weeks of participation in the program, BMI (p<.0001), body fat % (p<.0001), abdominal fat (p<.0001), in the experimental group were significantly decreased compared to the control group. Weight self-efficacy lifestyle (p<.0001) and depression (p=.006) in the experimental group were significantly improved after the program compared to the control group. According to these findings, weight management program self-efficacy for middle-aged obese women could increase weight efficacy lifestyle, and decrease depression, BMI, body fat, and abdominal fat. CONCLUSION: The result also suggested that the increasing weight efficacy and lifestyle help the obese women to perform and continue exercise. This program could be used in the community such as public health center for weight care and mental health promotion of middle-aged obese women.

Effects of a Exercise Program on Body Composition, Physical Fitness and Lipid Metabolism for Middle-Aged Obese Women / 간호학회지

PURPOSE: This study was to examine the effects of an exercise program for middle-aged obese women. METHOD: The exercise program combined folk dance and resistance training. The subjects group consisted of 85 middle-aged obese women between 40 and 60 years of age. Three 8 week sessions consisted of a 55-80% maximum heart rate (MHR) exercise for 60-90 minutes a day and 3 times a week from March to November, 2004. Data was collected through a pre- and post-exercise test before and after each session. Data was collected with Inbody, dynamometer and blood. This data was analyzed by descriptive statistics, and a paired t-test with an SPSS/PC(10.0 version) program. RESULTS: There were significant positive changes in body weight, body fat mass, body mass index, percent body fat, muscle strength, muscle endurance, flexibility, and balance quality, but no significant positive changes in skeletal mass, fat free mass, percent abdominal fat(waist-hip ratio), visceral fat area, agility, total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, or triglycerides. CONCLUSION: This study showed that an exercise program has partially positive effects for middle-aged obese women. The results of this study show that exercise at community health centers should continue for middle-aged obese women's health.