Efeito do taping no Tendão de Aquiles nos parâmetros da marcha em indivíduos assintomáticos obesos e acima do peso / Effect of Achilles Tendon taping on parameters of gait in asymptomatic-overweight and obese individuals

INTRODUÇÃO: Sobrepeso e obesidade afetam variáveis de marcha tais como cadência, comprimento do degrau e comprimento dos passos junto com a deterioração do tendão de Aquiles. A rígida rosca do tendão de Aquiles reduz a tensão e aumenta a estabilidade da articulação e pode ser empregada como suporte externo durante o treinamento da marcha para modificar os parâmetros da marcha. OBJETIVO: Descobrir se o taping modifica os padrões de marcha com o aumento do peso. MÉTODOS E MATERIAIS: Foram recrutados 40 sujeitos (20 acima do peso e 20 obesos) cujo comprimento dos degraus, comprimento dos passos e cadência foram medidos antes e depois da fita rígida do tendão de Aquiles. Cada pessoa completou o teste de caminhada de 10 metros usando o aplicativo Gait Analyzer. RESULTADOS: O teste Shapiro-Wilk é usado para avaliar a normalidade dos dados. O Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test e o Mann-Whitney U Test são usados para diferenças dentro e entre grupos. As diferenças dentro do grupo foram significativas nos parâmetros de marcha p <0,05 (Passo comprimento p<0,001, Stride comprimento p<0,001 e cadência p=0,009). Os parâmetros de marcha não diferiram estatisticamente entre os grupos. CONCLUSÃO: A aplicação de fita rígida no tendão de Aquiles tem um efeito semelhante nos parâmetros da marcha em indivíduos com excesso de peso e obesos. Após a aplicação da fita adesiva, verificou-se uma diferença significativa em termos de comprimento da passada, comprimento do passo e cadência na população estudada antes e depois da aplicação da fita adesiva para Aquiles. Isto implica que, independentemente do peso corporal, a intervenção com fita adesiva afeta a mecânica da marcha de forma comparável e destina-se a evitar movimentos articulares excessivos, a fornecer informações proprioceptivas durante as atividades e a diminuir o desconforto.

INTRODUCTION: Overweight and obesity affect gait variables such as cadence, step length, stride length, and Achilles tendon deterioration. Rigid Achilles tendon Taping reduces stress and enhances joint stability and can be employed as external support during gait training to modify gait parameters. OBJECTIVE: To find out whether taping modifies gait patterns with increasing weight. METHODS AND MATERIALS: 40 subjects were recruited (20 overweight and 20 obese) whose step length, stride length, and cadence were measured before and after rigid Achilles tendon taping. Each person completed the 10-meter walk test using Gait Analyzer application. RESULTS: The Shapiro-Wilk test is used to assess the normality of the data. Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test is used for within-group differences. Within-group differences were significant in gait parameters p <0.05 (Step length p<0.001, Stride length p<0.001 and cadence p=0.009). CONCLUSION: Rigid Achilles tendon taping have a similar effect on gait parameters in overweight and obese individuals. After taping, there was a significant difference in terms of stride length, step length and cadence in the study population before and after Achilles taping. This implies that regardless of body weight, the tape intervention affects gait mechanics in a comparable way and is intended to prevent excessive joint motion, provide proprioceptive input during activities, and lessen discomfort.

Impacto do taping no Tendão de Aquiles nos parâmetros da marcha em indivíduos assintomáticos obesos e acima do peso / Impact of Achilles Tendon taping on parameters of gait in asymptomatic-overweight and obese individuals

INTRODUÇÃO: O taping do Tendão de Aquiles afeta os parâmetros da marcha em adultos com sobrepeso e obesos? O comprimento dos passos, o comprimento das passadas e a cadência são todos mais curtos nestes indivíduos, com maiores índices queda. OBJETIVO: Saber o efeito do taping do Tendão de Aquiles nos parâmetros de marcha em indivíduos obesos e com sobrepeso. MÉTODOS: Um ensaio clínico será realizado em um ambulatório de fisioterapia. Um total de quarenta participantes com Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC) maior que 25 serão recrutados pelo método de amostragem por conveniência. Cada grupo terá 20 participantes, com idade entre 18 e 35 anos, sobrepeso com IMC>25 a 29,9 e obesidade com IMC>30. Ambos os grupos caminharão por 10 metros e um minuto usando um analisador de marcha, e ambos os grupos terão taping nos Tendões de Aquiles. A variável preditora será o taping do Tendão de Aquiles e as variáveis de resultado serão o comprimento do passo, o comprimento da passada e a cadência, que serão medidos antes e imediatamente após a bandagem. O software SPSS 20.0 será utilizado para análise estatística, com nível de significância de p<0.05. PERSPECTIVAS: A conclusão do ensaio clínico fornecerá informações sobre o impacto da bandagem do Tendão de Aquiles na marcha em indivíduos com sobrepeso ou obesos. Além disso, poderia potencialmente demonstrar que a bandagem pode reduzir o risco de quedas e, assim, impactar positivamente na qualidade de vida.

INTRODUCTION: Does Achilles Tendon taping affect gait parameters in overweight and obese adults? Step length, stride length, and cadence are all shorter in these individuals, with increased fall ratios. OBJECTIVE: To know the effect of Achilles Tendon taping on gait parameters in overweight and obese individuals. METHODS: A clinical trial will be conducted in a physical therapy outpatient clinic. A total of forty participants with a Body Mass Index (BMI) greater than 25 will be recruited by convenience sampling method. Each group will have 20 participants, aged between 18 and 35 years old, overweight with BMI>25 to 29.9, and obese with BMI>30. Both groups will walk for 10 meters and one minute using a gait analyzer and both groups will have taping on the Achilles Tendons. The predictor variable will be the taping of the Achilles Tendon, and the outcome variables will be step length, stride length, and cadence, which will be measured before and immediately after taping. SPSS 20.0 software will be used for statistical analysis with a significance level of p<0.05. PERSPECTIVES: Completion of the clinical trial will provide information on the impact of Achilles Tendon taping on gait in overweight or obese individuals. In addition, it could potentially demonstrate that taping can reduce the risk of falls and thus positively impact the quality of life.

Growth patterns of urban Malaysian children under 24 months of age in Selangor, Malaysia

@#Introduction: To identify the growth patterns of young children during the first two years of life according to gestational age, birth weight, and growth status at 24 months of age. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study of 4,570 young children in Selangor. Data were extracted from children’s health records in government health clinics. Growth data were analysed using the Anthro Plus software that utilises the World Health Organization growth standards. Results: Generally, wasting prevalence was the highest at birth and 24 months, but stunting was more predominant from 1 to 21 months. Weight-for-age z-scores (WAZ), lengthfor-age z-scores (LAZ), and weight-for-length z-scores (WLZ) from birth to 24 months were within -3.00 to 0.00 standard deviation (SD) for pre-term low birth weight children, –1.50 to 0.00 SD for pre-term normal birth weight children, and –2.50 to 0.50 SD for full-term low birth weight children. While WAZ, LAZ, and WLZ from birth to 24 months for underweight/stunted/wasted children were within –2.50 to 0.50 SD, the values for overweight/obese (OV/OB) children were within –1.00 to 2.00 SD. For normal children, WAZ, LAZ, and WLZ exhibited comparable trends, with values within –1.00 to 0.00 SD from birth to 24 months. Conclusion: While stunting and wasting persisted as the most common forms of malnutrition in this sample of young children, the prevalence of OV/OB increased by 24 months. Interventions to promote child growth should focus not only on the prevention of undernutrition, but also on OV/OB.

Supervivencia global y libre de enfermedad en mujeres con sobrepeso/obesidad al diagnóstico de cáncer de mama: Un estudio observa-cional de centro único / Overall and disease-free survival in women being over-weight/obesityat the diagnosis of breast cancer. A single-center observationalstudy

Introducción:El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar las características clínicas, patológi-cas e histológicas tumorales y su asociación con la recurrencia, metástasis y pronóstico en términos de supervivencia global y libre de enfermedad, de las pacientes que padecen sobre-peso u obesidad al momento del diagnóstico de cáncer de mama.Materiales y métodos:Se condujo un estudio descriptivo,longitudinal,retrospectivo, en un centro oncológico de referencia de Medellín. Se recolectó información de pacientes mayores de 18 años, con cáncer de mama infiltrante temprano y avanzado, entre los años 2012 ­2017, quienes presentaran IMC ≥ 25 kg/m2 al momento del diagnóstico. Las medianas de supervi-vencia se calcularon a través de curvas de Kaplan Meier y las diferencias mediante Log Rank Test.Resultados:Se analizó información de 1.349 pacientes. La mortalidad por todas las causas fue de 13.6% y aumentó proporcionalmente con el IMC (HR = 1.03, IC 1.0-1.05). Se identifica-ron 12.6% de recurrencias y el riesgo con el aumento de IMC no fue estadísticamente signifi-cativo (HR =1.02, IC 0.99 -1.05). Características como mala diferenciación tumoral, invasión linfovascular y estadio tumoral se asociaron de forma univariada con mayor mortalidad.Conclusión:Se demostró una asociación positiva e independiente entre el IMC elevado, la mortalidad y el riesgo de recurrencia en pacientes con cáncer de mama. Así como una aso-ciación con fenotipos tumorales agresivos y características de peor pronóstico. Se sugiere considerar modificaciones en el estilo de vida y un manejo multidisciplinario, como estrate-gias que posiblemente impacten en estos desenlaces

Introduction:The objective of the present study was to evaluate the clinical, pathological, and histological characteristics of tumors and their associations with recurrence, metastasis,and prognosis in terms of overall and disease-free survival inoverweight or obese patients at the time of diagnosis.Materials and methods: A descriptive, longitudinal, retrospective study was conducted at a reference cancer center in Medellin. Information was collected from patients older than 18 years of age with early or advanced infiltrating breast cancer between 2012 and 2017 who had a BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 at the time of diagnosis. Median survival rates were calculated using Kaplan­Meier curves, and differences were determined using the log-rank test.Results: Information from 1,349 patients was analyzed. All-cause mortality was 13.6% and increased proportionally with BMI (HR = 1.03, CI 1.0-1.05). A total of 12.6% of the recurrences were identified,and the risk with increasing BMI was not significantly different(HR =1.02, CI 0.99 -1.05). Patient characteristicssuch as poor tumor differentiation, lymphovascular inva-sion, and tumor stage were univariately associated with increasedmortality.Conclusion: Positiveand independent associations weredemonstrated between high BMI and mortality and between high BMI and the risk of recurrence in patients with breast cancer. In addition, there wasan association betweenaggressive tumor phenotypes and worse prog-nostic characteristics. Lifestylemodifications and multidisciplinary management should be considered strategies for impactingthese outcomes

Whey protein positively alters inflammatory markers and metabolic parameters of overweight and obese adults

@#Introduction: The effects of prolonged consumption of whey protein on health are controversial. This study aimed to determine whether whey protein positively alters health parameters of overweight and obese adults. Methods: Randomised controlled trial was conducted. Fifty-eight participants, aged 30-50 years, were randomly allocated into four groups and supplemented with 50 g protein for eight weeks (group 1: plant-based protein (PBP), group 2: whey protein isolate (WPI) with cocoa powder, group 3: PBP with whey protein concentrate (WPC), and group 4: WPI with milk powder). Body composition and biochemical parameters (kidney and liver functions, inflammation, oxidative stress, and antioxidant capacity) were evaluated at pre-intervention and 8 weeks after intervention. Results: At Week 8, group 3 had lower diastolic blood pressure, waist circumference, visceral fat, and risk of insulin resistance (p<0.05 for all). Group 2 had decreased levels of total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (p<0.05 for all). A drop in triglyceride was seen in group 4 (p=0.026). Whey protein decreased alanine aminotransferase level (p=0.028), while PBP increased aspartate aminotransferase level (p=0.034). PBP or WPI with milk powder increased blood urea nitrogen level (p>0.05 for all). Interleukin-6 and lactoferrin levels fell in all groups (p<0.05), while hs-CRP increased in the PBP group (p=0.043). Group 2 experienced increased antioxidant capacity. However, levels of oxidative stress markers were significantly decreased in the PBP group and WPI with milk powder group. Conclusion: Whey protein revealed positive effects on anthropometric parameters and biochemical markers of overweight and obese adults. Therefore, proper supplementation of whey protein can potentially promote health.

Vancomycin and Linezolid dosing in Obese and Overweight Patients: Is There a Universally Accepted Dosing Protocol to Improve their Efficacy?

@#Vancomycin is used to manage methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and other bacterial infections that are Gram-positive in nature. Linezolid belongs to the oxazolidinone class of antibiotics, which is primarily used to treat vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE), MRSA, diabetic foot, soft tissue, and skin infections. Here, we discuss vancomycin and linezolid dosing in obese patients, their mechanism of actions, pharmacokinetics, problems with dosing and evaluation of several dosing protocols in the obese patient population. There is no generally accepted dosing protocol for linezolid and vancomycin. Evidence suggests that using trough concentrations alone is insufficient for estimating vancomycin and linezolid exposure accurately as many researchers have revised protocol guidelines, developed more rigorous dosing and monitoring guidelines, or developed novel dosage strategies to meet the needs of overweight patients. Peaks and troughs measurement should be considered because it improves precision and reduces the area under the curve (AUC) estimate bias. To provide better dosing guidelines in this vulnerable group, obese patients must be included in all phases of drug design.

Association between fixed night work and obesity: a systematic literature review

This systematic review aimed to evaluate the association between fixed night work and overweight or weight gain. PubMed and EMBASE were searched until October 2021 for studies evaluating the association between fixed night work patterns and the risk of overweight or obesity (for cross-sectional designs) or weight gain (for longitudinal designs). The outcomes extracted were mean body mass index (BMI), mean BMI difference, overweight %, obesity %, odds ratio, relative risk, and prevalence ratio. The quality of the report was evaluated using the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) checklist. The protocol was registered at PROSPERO (# 42017080515). In total, 25 studies met the inclusion criteria. All studies were observational, 16 were cross-sectional, three were cohorts (two also had baseline cross-sectional data), and the other eight were cross-sectional at baseline and had longitudinal follow-up studies (six prospective cohorts, one retrospective, one interventional). Most had good reporting quality. The fixed night work definition and weight outcomes varied according to the different studies. Most of them found an association between fixed night work and overweight, obesity, or weight gain. This systematic review reinforces the evidence that fixed night work is associated with overweight or obesity, and prolonged night work exposure leads to weight gain. Future research should be conducted with more accurate measures and a prospective design. Fixed night workers should be monitored and advised, especially those with prolonged exposure.

Caracterización metabólica de pacientes pediátricos con sobrepeso y obesidad / Metabolic characterization of overweight and obese pediatric patients

Introducción: La obesidad afecta a niño y adultos, y se asocia con la aparición de enfermedades crónicas no trasmisibles, pero que se pueden presentar, incluso en edades tempranas de la vida. Métodos: Estudio retrospectivo, analítico de pacientes egresados del Hospital del Niño Dr. José Renán Esquivel y Hospital José Domingo de Obaldía, con diagnóstico de sobrepeso, obesidad; fueron estudiados 185 pacientes entre las edades de 2 a 15 años durante el periodo comprendido del 1 enero 2015 al 31 de diciembre del 2019. Resultados: Se encontró una frecuencia, en 5 años, de 4.6 pacientes con sobrepeso y obesidad, por cada mil egresos hospitalarios. El 96% presentó obesidad y 4% sobrepeso. En individuos mayores de 10 años, 36.8% cumplían criterios de síndrome metabólico. Se encontró en las variables numéricas: IMC: 31.3Kg/m2, Insulina: 25.8uUI/ml, glucosa: 110.6mg/dl, HOMA: 6.1, dentro de este grupo se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en la presión arterial sistólica / diastólica (p= 0.0002 / 0.0014), ALT (p=0.05), triglicéridos (p=0.0001), HDL (p= 0.0001). De los pacientes con síndrome metabólico 80% presentaban obesidad severa. En las variables categóricas se encontraron anormales: ALT 72.4%, colesterol 22.9%, triglicéridos 68.6% (OR=6, IC=2.4-14.97), LDL 28.6%, HDL 71.4% (OR:8.65, IC= 3.31-22.56), insulina 66.6%, glucosa 52.9% (OR= 7.87, IC= 2.78-22.27) y resistencia a insulina en 81.4%. El grupo de edad de prepúberes no está exento de presentar resistencia a la insulina. Conclusiones: En este estudio se encontró que las complicaciones metabólicas más significativas fueron hipertrigliceridemia, HDLc bajo e hipertensión arterial. La frecuencia encontrada está muy por debajo de lo reportado en la literatura. Es urgente el desarrollo de estrategias adecuadas de fomento de la salud, para promover cambios en los hábitos alimentarios y en la actividad física desde la edad infantil, con el objeto de formar conductas que permanezcan en el tiempo, como medidas preventivas de la obesidad y de sus complicaciones.

Introduction: Obesity affects children and adults, and is associated with the appearance of chronic diseases that are not communicable, but that can occur, even at an early age in life. Methods: Retrospective, analytical study of patients discharged from Hospital del Niño Dr. José Renán Esquivel and Hospital José Domingo de Obaldia, diagnosed with overweight, obesity; 185 patients between the ages of 2 to 15 years were studied during the period from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2019. Results: A frequency, in 5 years, of 4.6 overweight and obese patients was found for every thousand hospital discharges. 96% presented obesity and 4% overweight. In individuals older than 10 years, 36.8% met criteria for metabolic syndrome. It was found in the numerical variables: BMI: 31.3Kg /m2, Insulin: 25.8µU /ml, glucose: 110.6mg / dl, HOMA: 6.1, within this group statistically significant differences were found in systolic / diastolic blood pressure (p = 0.0002 / 0.0014), ALT (p = 0.05), triglycerides (p = 0.0001), HDL (p = 0.0001). Of the patients with metabolic syndrome, 80% had severe obesity. In the categorical variables, abnormal: ALT 72.4%, cholesterol 22.9%, triglycerides 68.6% (OR = 6, CI = 2.4-14.97), LDL 28.6%, HDL 71.4% (OR: 8.65, CI = 3.31-22.56), insulin 66.6%, glucose 52.9% (OR = 7.87, CI = 2.78-22.27) and insulin resistance in 81.4%. The prepuberal age group is not exempt from insulin resistance. Conclusions: In this study it was found that the most significant metabolic complications were hypertriglyceridemia, low HDLc and arterial hypertension. The frequency found is well below that reported in the literature. The development of adequate health promotion strategies is urgent, to promote changes in eating habits and physical activity from childhood, to form behaviors that remain over time, as preventive measures for obesity and its complications.

Impacto dos exercícios de estabilização no equilíbrio e na distribuição da pressão plantar em crianças com excesso de peso: um protocolo de estudo randomizado controlado / Core stabilization exercises impact on balance and foot pressure distribution in overweight children: A randomized controlled trial protocol

O excesso de pesso em crianças tem sido associado com perda na função neuromuscular e desequilíbrio postural. Exercícios de estabilização têm demonstrado sucesso no tratamento de crianças com paralisia cerebral e com síndrome de Down. No entanto, sua eficácia não foi testada com crianças com excesso de peso. OBJETIVO: Medir a eficácia de exercícios de estabilização postural no equilíbrio estático e dinâmico e na distribuição da pressão plantar em crianças com excesso de peso. MATERIAL E MÉTODOS: Protocolo de um ensaio clínico randomizado paralelo não cego comparando pré e pós-teste. Serão recrutados 52 (26 em cada grupo) participantes com idade de 8 a 16 anos, meninos e meninas com índice de massa corpórea (IMC) entre os percentis de crescimento de 85 e 95 de acordo com a idade. As variáveis serão a distribuição da pressão plantar com duplo apoio, aopio unipodal, teste de alcance e a projeção do centro de força. O protocolo de exercícios de estabilização será oferecido ao grupo experimental 3 vezes por semana durante 6 semanas. Estatística descritiva e inferencial serão aplicadas após a realização de testes de normalidade da distribuição (teste T ou Wilcoxon ou Mann-Whitney) considerando significâncai de 0,05. RESULTADOS ESPERADOS: Os resultados do presente estudo oferecerá a primeira evidência sobre a eficácia de exercícios de estabilização em crianças com excesso de peso. Espera-se uma maior compreensão clínica dos exercícios de estabilização em crianças com excesso de peso. Geração de dados para a incorporação de atividades da vida diária qie favoreçam o desenvolvimento global e crescimento.

Overweight children are associated with low neuromuscular function and postural imbalance. Core stabilization exercises have shown success in the cerebral palsy and Down syndrome children. However, its efficacy in overweight children is not known till date. OBJECTIVES: To measure the postural stability (static and dynamic) and foot pressure distribution in overweight children. To determine the efficacy of core stability training on postural stability (static and dynamic) in overweight children. To determine the efficacy of core stability training on foot pressure distribution in overweight children. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is parallel design, non ­ blinded, two ­ group, pretest - posttest randomized controlled trial. The study will recruit 52 (26 in each group) aged 8- 16 years old both boys and girls with BMI-for-age percentile growth between 85th to less than 95th percentile. The outcomes are foot pressure distribution, single limb stance, Y-Reach test and core strength respectively. The core stabilization exercises will be provided in the experimental group and no exercises will be given in the control group, 3 times a week for 6 weeks. PREDICTED RESULTS: The predicted results from this study will provide the first evidence of the effectiveness of core stabilization exercises in overweight children. A greater clinical understanding of core strength and balance in this age group may be helpful for incorporating activities in their daily life in order for the better overall development and growth. Kolmnogorov Smirnov test will be used for checking the normal distribution of the data. Descriptive statistics will be expressed either as mean±standard deviation or median and inter- quartile range, based on the data distribution. Paired t-tests or Wilcoxon signed- rank test will be used to conduct within group analyses and Independent t- tests or Mann- Whitney U- test will be used for between group analyses. For all the analyses the level of significance will be set at 0.05.

Factores asociados a sobrepeso y obesidad en trabajadores de Piura-Perú / Factors Associated With Overweight And Obesity In Workers Of Piura-Peru

Introducción: La obesidad es un problema de salud pública, la cual afecta también al sector laboral. Objetivo: Determinar los factores asociados a sobrepeso y obesidad en trabajadores de Piura.Métodos: Estudio transversal analítico, usando una base de datos secundarios. Se emplearon losregistros de los exámenes ocupacionales tomados a trabajadores de empresas en Sechura ­ Piura.La variable principal fue la clasificación según IMC (normal/sobrepeso/obesidad). Se presentaron losresultados descriptivos y se encontró la asociación entre el tipo de IMC y las otras variables. Resultados:De los 1 203 trabajadores el 93,2%(1 121) fueron varones, con una mediana de 31 años (rango: 18 a 63años). Se encontró diferencia significativa entre el IMC con respecto a diámetro de cintura, diámetro decadera, hemoglobina, colesterol, triglicéridos, HDL, LDL y glucosa. Además del sexo, la edad y el tipode examen (de entrada/periódico/retiro). El estudio no mostró diferencias significativas con respectoal lugar de nacimiento o residencia. Conclusión: Se encontró diferencias en todos los parámetros fisio-antropométricos evaluados, pero no según el lugar de nacimiento/residencia, lo que nos indica que lavigilancia ocupacional en este grupo no debe basarse en sus características demográficas, debiendogenerarse programas laborales para tratar de mejorar la salud global.

Introduction: Obesity is a public health problem, which also affects the worksector. Objective: Determine the factors associated with overweight and obesity inPiura workers. Methods: A cross-sectional study, using secondary database. Weused the occupational exam records of workers of companies in Sechura ­ Piura.The main variable was the BMI classification (normal/overweight/obese).Descriptive results and the association between the type of BMI and othervariables were presented. Results: Of the 1203 workers who met the selectioncriteria, 93.2% (1121) were male, and had a median age of 31 (range: 18-63).Significant difference between BMI with respect to waist circumference, hipdiameter, hemoglobin, cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL, LDL and glucose was found.In addition to gender, age and type of test (entrance/periodic/retirement). The studyshowed no significant differences from the place of birth or residence. Conclusions: There were differences in all the physio-anthropometric parametersevaluated with respect to BMI, except birthplace/residence, which shows that therisk of the working population should not be assessed by these demographiccharacteristics. Work programs to improve global health should be generated.

Fast Food Intake and Prevalence of Overweight/Obesity in Students: do Eating Habits have a Differential Impact on Gender?

Introduction: Nowadays, eating fast food and spendingmoney on home away foods have been increased rapidly. As aresult, the prevalence rate of both fast food consumption andoverweight/obesity has been raised then previously.Material and methods: In an analytical cross-sectionalstudy, 106 students (50 males and 56 females) were selectedrandomly from two largest schools in Dhaka, center ofBangladesh, studying in primary, secondary, or middle schoolprograms in 2020 between ages 5 and 15. Data collectionwas conducted by a prepared fast food questionnaire andanthropometric measures including height, weight, and BodyMass Index (BMI). T-test and multivariate logistic regressionwere used for statistical analysis.Results: According to our results, overweight and obesityprevalence based on BMI in males was 24% (95% CI: 7.99,8.44) and 34% (95% CI: 8.22, 9.65) respectively while infemales was 12.5% (95% CI: 8.07, 9.06) and 14.3% (95%CI: 8.04, 9.7) respectively. According to our results, 40.56%(44% in males vs 37.5% in females) had at least one typeof fast food consumption in the recent week includingnoodles (31.8%), chips (37.1%), burger (15.9%), pizza(5.3%), sandwich (8.48%), rissole (19.08%), potato rissole(15.9%), fried chicken (10.6%), french fries (16.96), chickpea(11.66%), water balls (13.78%), mixed crispy (16.96%),cake (21.2%), pastry (10.6%), chocolate (12.72%), ice cream(15.9%), sweets (9.54%), and cold drinks (20.14%). Fast-foodconsumption for at least 3-4 days (OR: 10.66, 95% CI = 2.26–50.24) and 5-6 days (OR: 2.89, 95% CI = 1.14–7.32) in a weekwas related to BMI cut-off points for all males and females(P<0.05) respectively. But fast-food sources were related toBMI cut-off points for all males (P<0.05) only.Conclusion: The prevalence of fast food consumption andobesity/overweight in Bangladeshi students is high and sohealthy food and improved nutrition should be a high priorityon every school agenda.

Association of screen time with physical activity and BMI in middle school children at Tamil Nadu, India

Background: The objective of this study was to find the association of screen time with physical activity and BMI in middle school children in the age group of 11 to 13 years in Tamil Nadu, India.Methods: This cross-sectional observational study was conducted among 139 middle school children aged 11 to 13 years at the state of Tamil Nadu, India from June 2019 to August 2019. Data regarding screen time and physical activity were collected from the children using a predesigned questionnaire and anthropometric measurements done. The data collected were analyzed with suitable statistical methods using SPSS 25 software.Results: Of the 139 children, 46(33.1%) were 11 years, 48(34.5%) were 12 years and 45(32.4%) were 13 years old. 74(53.2%) were male and 65(46.8%) were female. Majority of the study subjects (52.5%) had an average daily screen time of >120 minutes followed by 61 to 120 minutes (28.8%) and ?60 minutes (18.7%). Of the 139 children studied, only 31.7% (44 children) followed the WHO recommendations of moderate to vigorous physical activity of at least 60 minutes per day, 57.5% of the children had normal BMI, 10.8 % had thinness, 25.2% were overweight and 6.5% were obese. Physical activity was found to decrease with increasing screen time, and this was found to be statistically significant. No statistically significant correlation between screen time and BMI was found. There was statistically significant correlation between physical activity and BMI.Conclusions: There is a significant correlation of screen time with physical activity in this study. Urgent measures need to be taken to decrease screen time and promote a healthy lifestyle.

The Association of Food Insecurity with Type 2 Diabetes and Hypertension: A Multicenter Case-Control Study in Urban Population

@#Introduction: The household food insecurity (FI) is still one of global health issues, which is related to various health and developmental problems. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship of the FI with type 2 diabetes and hypertension in a city in North-West of Iran. Methods: Study population was the Khoy city’s households which refer to the primary health-care centers. The US Department of Agriculture (USDA) six-item Household Food Security Scale was used to determine food insecurity. Sample size for each case group (type 2 diabetic and hypertensive) was calculated to be 110 subjects and was doubled to be 220 subjects in the control group. Multi-stage random sampling method was applied. To control the confounding variables, the logistic regression was used. Results: In total, 210 subjects (47.7%) had food security and 52.3% were insecure. Seventeen percent of the study population had normal BMI (Body Mass Index) and 83% were obese or overweight (42.7% obese, 40.5% overweight). In multivariate analysis the age (p<0.001), BMI (p=0.002), and education (p=0.002) were significantly related to hypertension. However, food insecurity was not significantly related to diabetes and hypertension. Conclusion: High prevalence of FI, obesity and overweight in the population necessitate the educational interventions about healthy nutrition in families, especially from childhood. Financial and nutritional support is needed for the families with FI. Considering the indirect relationship between FI and hypertension shown in this study, it is recommended to implement interventions to reduce the FI as a risk factor of hypertension.

Parental perception of children’s weight status and sociodemographic factors associated with childhood obesity

@#Introduction: The trend of childhood obesity is on the rise and hence leading towards the increase in obesity related complications. Early recognition of obesity in children and accurate parental perception of the status of the weight of their children is vital. Furthermore, identification of sociodemographic risk factors contributing to obesity is crucial in order to identify children who are in the risk group and thus prevent potential complications. This study is aimed to establish the parental perception of the status of the weight of their children. Secondly, the study also to identify the sociodemographic risk factors associated with obesity in children. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study involving 245 children from 5 to 12 years of age. Following informed consent, the children were classified into either normal (body mass index (BMI) >5th to <85th percentile), overweight (BMI >85th to <95th percentile) or obese (BMI >95th percentile) groups. Parents responded to questionnaires which assessed their perception and sociodemographic factors. Results: A total of 157 participants (64.1%) had normal BMI while 41(16.7%) were overweight and 47(19.2%) were obese. More parents of overweight and obese group had misperceptions of their children’s weight status (p=0.001). Families with higher household income, children with higher birth weight, higher education of mothers and family history of obesity and type 2 diabetes had increased risk of higher BMI among their children (p=0.029, p=0.013, p=0.041 and p=0.001 respectively). Conclusions: Most parents of either overweight or obese children had inaccurate perception of the status of weight of their children. Higher household income, birth weight and education level of the mothers as well as history of diabetes and obesity in the family are associated with increased risk of childhood obesity

Desenvolvimento de material educacional interdisciplinar para prevenção e tratamento da obesidade / Educational experience through interdisciplinary intervention in the obesity outpatient clinic in a university hospital

ntrodução: a obesidade é uma doença crônica e complexa de caráter epidêmico, sendo fator de risco para diversas doenças. O município de Juiz de Fora possui uma prevalência maior de obesidade que a da capital do Estado de Minas Gerais e também à média nacional, sendo necessárias estratégias de estímulo às práticas de vida saudáveis, pautadas nas ações educativas em saúde, envolvendo orientação nutricional, prática de atividades físicas, além da abordagem de aspectos biopsicossociais e culturais do indivíduo.Objetivo: desenvolvimento de programa de educação continuada e estímulo ao autocuidado do indivíduo em relação às suas condições de saúde. Relato de experiência: com base nas demandas dos pacientes atendidos nas consultas individuais, grupos operativos e salas de espera, uma cartilha educativa ("Guia de Prevenção ­ Prevenindo e tratando o excesso de peso") foi criada pela equipe multidisciplinar do ambulatório de prevenção e tratamento da obesidade de um hospital universitário. Este material foi lançado oficialmente em setembro de 2018 e tem possibilitado a divulgação de vários temas relacionados à obesidade, como diagnóstico, prevenção e mudança do estilo de vida. Os principais beneficiários desse projeto são os pacientes assistidos nos ambulatórios, contudo poderá auxiliar em ações extra-muros, como atividades em escolas públicas municipais e ações pontuais no campus universitário, por exemplo, no Dia Internacional de Combate à Obesidade. Discussão: o material foi bem aceito e as principais dúvidas após a leitura foram em relação à definição de obesidade e o fato de não reconhecerem a fisiopatologia da doença como uma interação de fatores genéticos e ambientais. Conclusão: ações educativas complementares à prevenção e tratamento da obesidade, envolvendo os vários aspectos do cuidado, têm grande aceitação pela população abordada e representam ferramentas com potencial de melhora do autocuidado e autonomia do indivíduo.

Introduction: obesity is a chronic and complex condition with an epidemic nature, being a risk factor for several diseases. The city of Juiz de Fora has a higher prevalence than the capital of the state of Minas Gerais and also the national average. Strategies are needed to stimulate healthy life practices, based on educational health actions, involving nutritional orientation, practice of activities physical and biopsychosocial aspects of the individual. Objective: to develop a continuing education program and stimulate the individual's self-care in relation to their health conditions. Experience Report: based on the demands of the patients attending the individual consultations, operating groups and waiting rooms, an educational booklet ("Prevention Guide - Preventing and treating excess weight") was created by the multidisciplinary team from the prevention outpatient clinic and treatment of obesity at a university hospital. This material was officially launched in September of 2018 and has made it possible the dissemination of various topics related to obesity, such as diagnosis, prevention and lifestyle change. The main beneficiaries of this project are patients attending the outpatient clinic, but may assist in extra-mural actions, such as activities in some municipal public schools and specific actions on the university campus, for example on the International Day to Combat Obesity. Discussion: the material was well accepted and the main doubts after reading were related to the definition of obesity and the fact that they did not recognize the physiopathology of the disease as an interaction of genetic and environmental factors. Conclusion: educational actions complementary to the prevention and treatment of obesity, involving the various aspects of care, are widely accepted by the population concerned and represent tools with potential for improving self-care and autonomy of the individual.

Excess weight in preschool children: The role of food intake / Excesso de peso em pré-escolares: o papel do consumo alimentar

ABSTRACT Objective: The study aimed to compare the food intake of overweight/obese and normal weight preschoolers and to verify whether excess weight is associated with low birth weight, catch-up growth, early weaning, and physical activity/inactivity Methods: This case-control study was conducted in family healthcare units of the city of Olinda, Pernambuco, from May to August 2014 Results: A total of 253 children were studied, 84 with 'excess weight' and 164 with 'normal weight'. In the 'overweight/obese' and 'normal weight' groups, 77% and 43% of the children, respectively, had high calorie intake. The 'overweight/obese' group had lower fruit intake, higher maternal education level, higher family income, higher maternal excess weight, and presence of catch-up growth and inactivity Conclusion: The results suggest that food intake has an important role, but that other variables contribute to excess weight in children. Recognition of the problem's many causes should guide the public policies directed at this age group to prevent this nutritional disorder.

RESUMO Objetivo: Comparar o consumo alimentar entre pré-escolares com excesso de peso e eutróficos e verificar a associação do baixo peso ao nascer, presença de catch-up growth, desmame precoce e atividade física/sedentarismo com o excesso de peso Métodos: Realizado um estudo caso-controle em Unidades de Saúde da Família da cidade de Olinda, Pernambuco, de maio a agosto de 2014 Resultados: Foram estudadas 253 crianças, sendo 84 com excesso de peso e 169 eutróficas. No grupo excesso de peso, 77% apresentavam consumo calórico excessivo e, no grupo eutrófico, 43%. Observou-se menor consumo de fruta no grupo excesso de peso, assim como maior escolaridade materna, maior renda familiar, excesso de peso materno, presença de catch-up growth e comportamento sedentário Conclusão: Os resultados sugerem que o consumo alimentar apresenta papel importante, mas que outras variáveis contribuem para o excesso de peso infantil. O reconhecimento de que o problema tem origem multicausal deve nortear as políticas públicas voltadas para o grupo etário estudado com o objetivo de prevenir esse agravo nutricional.

Risk Factors of Childhood Obesity and Overweight in Young Children and Adolescents Aged Between 5 to 15 Years in Urban Bangladesh: A Scoping Review

Childhood obesity is one of the most serious public health challenges of the 21st century. The problem is global and is steadily affecting many low- and middle-income countries, particularly in urban settings. Risk factors for obesity in this context have not been explored. The objective of this study was to identify the risk factors associated with childhood obesity/overweight among young children and adolescents 5-15 years of age in urban Bangladesh. Methods: A scoping review based on York methodology was performed. This methodology involves a comprehensive search of published academic articles, conference proceedings and grey literature through PubMed, Bangla JOL, Google and Google scholar, limited to English-written papers. Results: Findings revealed that having at least one overweight parent and engaging in sedentary activities for more than 4 h a day were independent risk factors for childhood overweight and/or obesity.Children who spent ≥ 30 min each day in outdoor games at home that involved physical exercise had decreased odds (OR = 0.38, 95% CI: 0.1–0.8) of being overweight or obese compared to children who did not exercise at home. Conclusion: Spending much time seated or somewhat inactive were key risk factors for childhood obesity and overweight. More research, prevention and management of childhood obesity/overweight in young children and adolescents in urban Bangladesh should be a policy priority.

Plasma Antioxidant Vitamins Are Not Related to Body Mass Index but Socio-demographic Factors among Apparently Healthy Nigerians Resident in Abakaliki, Ebonyi State

Existing literature suggests that oxidative stress may be an important underlying denominator for obesity development and its co-morbidities. The beneficial role of antioxidants in the prevention of oxidative stress and development of diseases is well known. The present study explored the associations between antioxidant vitamins and body mass index (BMI) with other health-related factors in apparently healthy Nigerians. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 443 apparently healthy adults aged 18-83 years (mean 38.4±13.7 years) were recruited. A structured questionnaire was used to collect the socio-demographic data of the participants while weight (kg) and height (m) were determined using standard procedures. Participants were categorised as underweight (n=18), normal weight (n=259), overweight (n=124) and obese (n=42) in accordance with WHO BMI classification. Blood samples were collected for determination of antioxidant vitamins A, C and E using HPLC. Results: The prevalence of obesity in our study population was 9.5%. Obesity and overweight were found to be more prevalent among the artisans and individuals with secondary education. Vitamins A, C and E levels were not significantly different (p>0.05) among the BMI groups. Conclusion: Our results demonstrate a non-significant relationship between plasma antioxidant vitamins and BMI in apparently healthy Nigerians in Abakaliki. However, our study suggests that secondary education and the middle age group (31-40 years) may be associated with overweight and obesity.

Prevalência de sobrepeso e obesidade entre crianças de 7 a 10 anos atendidas em uma unidade de Estratégia Saúde da Família - ESF / Prevalence of overweight and obesity among children aged 7-10 years treated in a unit of the Family Health Strategy (ESF) / La prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad entre los niños de 7-10 años de edad tratados en una unidad de la Estrategia Salud de la Familia - ESF

Objetivos: Estabelecer a prevalência de sobrepeso e obesidade entre crianças cadastradas em unidade de Estratégia Saúde da Família. Métodos: Estudo descritivo, quantitativo, de corte transversal, com população alvo de 134 crianças de 7 a 10 anos de idade. Foi calculado o índice de massa corporal das crianças e aplicado questionário sobre práticas alimentares e atividade física. No tratamento estatístico dos dados foi usado o SPSS versão 19, utilizando-se os procedimentos: média, desvio padrão, frequência, teste t e Qui Quadrado. Usou-se Odds ratio de prevalência com intervalo de confiança de 95%. A importância relativa dos fatores estudados no risco da criança apresentar sobrepeso ou obesidade foi observada pelo ajuste do modelo regressão logística. Resultados: Foram avaliadas 86 crianças de ambos os sexos. A taxa de sobrepeso foi de 17,5% e de obesidade de 25% entre meninas e 4,3% de sobrepeso e 13% de obesidade entre meninos (p=0,061). Crianças matriculadas na rede particular tiveram 18,8% de sobrepeso e 37,5% de obesidade enquanto nas da rede pública as taxas foram de 8,6% e 14,3%, para sobrepeso e obesidade, respectivamente (p=0,058). As demais variáveis não foram estatisticamente significativas após a aplicação do modelo de regressão logística. Conclusão: Houve alta prevalência de sobrepeso e obesidade na população estudada, principalmente entre crianças matriculadas na rede particular e do sexo feminino.

Objectives: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of overweight and obesity among children enrolled in a unit of the Family Health Strategy. Methods: This descriptive, quantitative, and cross-sectional study included 134 children aged 7­10 years. The children's body mass indexes were calculated, and they were administered questionnaires on eating habits and physical activity. SPSS version 19 was used in the statistical analyses of the data, and the following were calculated: mean, standard deviation, frequency, t and chi-square test values, and prevalence odds ratio with 95% confidence interval. The relative importance of the factors studied affecting the risk of the child being overweight or obese was measured by adjusting the logistic regression model. Results: A total of 86 children of both sexes were evaluated. Among girls, 17.5% were overweight and 25% were obese, and among boys, 4.3% were overweight and 13% were obese (p = 0.061). Among children enrolled in private schools, 18.8% of children were overweight and 37.5% were obese, while in the public schools, 8.6% were overweight and 14.3% were obese (p = 0.058). The other variables were not statistically significant after applying the logistic regression model. Conclusion: There was a high prevalence of overweight and obesity in the population, especially among girls enrolled in private schools.

Objetivos: Determinar la prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad entre los niños inscritos en una unidad de la Estrategia de Salud Familiar. Métodos: estudio cuantitativo descriptivo, transversal, con población de 134 niños entre los 7 y 10 años de edad. Fue calculado el índice de masa corporal de los niños y aplicado el cuestionario sobre los hábitos alimentarios y la actividad física. El tratamiento estadístico de los datos se utilizó el programa SPSS versión 19, con los siguientes procedimientos: media, desviación estándar, frecuencia, prueba t y Qui Cuadrado. Se utilizó Odds ratio de prevalencia con intervalo de confianza del 95%. La importancia relativa de los factores estudiados en el riesgo de que el niño sea sobrepeso u obesidad se observó mediante el ajuste del modelo de regresión logística. Resultados: Se evaluaron 86 niños de ambos sexos. La tasa de sobrepeso fue del 17,5% y 25% de obesidad entre las niñas y el 4,3% de sobrepeso y el 13% de obesidad entre los niños (p=0,061). Los niños inscritos en escuelas privadas tuvieron el 18,8% de sobrepeso y 37,5 de obesidad, mientras que en las tarifas públicas fueron el 8,6% y el 14,3% para el sobrepeso y la obesidad, respectivamente (p=0,058). Las otras variables no fueron estadísticamente significativas después de aplicar el modelo de regresión logística. Conclusión: Hubo una alta prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad en la población, especialmente entre los niños matriculados en escuelas privadas y del sexo femenino.

Nutritional Status of Malaysian Primary School Children Aged 8-10 Years: Findings from the 2008 National IDD Survey

Introduction: Child malnutrition continues to be a major public health problem in developing countries. This study aims to determine the current nutritional status of Malaysian school children using the anthropometric indicators of weight for age (WAZ), height for age (HAZ), and body mass index for age (BAZ). Methods: A nationwide school-based survey was undertaken in all Malaysian states and territories, which included 18,078 children aged 8-10 years attending 445 primary schools. The software WHO AnthroPlus was used to calculate zscores for the nutritional status (WAZ, HAZ and BAZ) of the target population relative to the World Health Organization (WHO) 2007 reference. Results: The national prevalence of underweight among school children was 13.6% and in rural areas, this rate was nearly double that of urban areas. The national prevalence rate for stunting was 10.9%, double among rural school children compared to their urban counterparts. As for thinness, the national prevalence was 6.5%. Using the WAZ indicator, we found that the national prevalence of overweight children was 7.6%. Additionally, we found that urban areas showed a higher prevalence of overweight children (8.8%) than rural areas (5.9%). Conclusion: The findings of this study indicate that Malaysian school children face the burden of malnutrition, suffering from both undernourishment and overweight. Malaysia must make a concerted effort to overcome the problems of malnutrition among children.