ABSTRACT
In recent years, the quantity of lung transplantation has been gradually increased in China along with the accumulation of surgical techniques and postoperative management experience of lung transplantation. Multiple lung allograft complications may occur after lung transplantation, mainly including primary graft dysfunction (PGD) caused by ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) of the lung allograft, acute and chronic rejection, opportunistic infection or lymphoproliferative disorder of lymphoid tissues induced by the decrease of host immunity due to postoperative use of immunosuppressants, etc. The diagnosis of complications after lung transplantation mainly relies on biopsy of the lung allograft. In this article, the brief history of lung allograft pathology, main approaches and pathological processing techniques of lung allograft biopsy, major complications after lung transplantation and pathological diagnostic criteria were elucidated, aiming to provide reference for targeted management of these complications in clinical practice.
ABSTRACT
The most important cause of late mortality after lung transplantation is obliterative bronchiolitis ( OB) . It is clear that a good animal model is indispensable to further unravel and clarify the pathogenesis of bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome ( BOS) .Many animal models have been developed to study BOS, however, so far, none of these models truly mimics the human condition.In recent years mouse models of orthotopic lung transplantation have been established, which provide potential possibilities for further studies of OB/BOS after lung transplantation.The aim of this article was to review the pros and cons of those animal models, and discuss the possible approaches to establish animal models of chronic rejec-tion after lung transplantation.