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1.
Psicol. USP ; 352024.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, INDEXPSI | ID: biblio-1537984

ABSTRACT

O propósito deste artigo é refletir sobre os conceitos de transferência e contratransferência, articulando-os com a dimensão clínica do lugar do observador no trabalho em grupos terapêuticos. Inicialmente, será feito um percurso histórico sobre tais conceitos na psicanálise. Posteriormente, a noção de transferência será discutida como um vínculo que pode se manifestar pela via da expressão corporal e sensorialidade, enquanto a contratransferência será analisada a partir do campo da intersubjetividade. Esses aspectos serão ilustrados por duas vinhetas clínicas


This paper reflects on the concepts of transference and countertransference in articulation with the clinical dimension of the observer's place in therapeutic groups. After a brief historical overview of these concepts in psychoanalysis, the notion of transference is discussed as a link that can manifest itself via bodily and sensorially. Countertransference, in turn, will be analyzed based on intersubjectivity. These aspects will be illustrated by two clinical vignettes


Cet article reflète aux concepts de transfert et de contre-transfert en articulation avec la dimension clinique de la place de l'observateur dans les groupes thérapeutiques. D'après un aperçu historique de ces concepts en psychanalyse, on discute la notion de transfert en tant que lien qui peut se manifester par l'expression corporelle et la sensorialité. Le contre-transfert, à son tour, sera analysé à partir du domaine de l'intersubjectivité. Ces aspects seront illustrés par deux vignettes cliniques


El propósito de este artículo es reflexionar sobre los conceptos de transferencia y contratransferencia articulándolos con la dimensión clínica del lugar del observador en el trabajo con grupos terapéuticos. Inicialmente, se hará un recorrido histórico sobre tales conceptos en el psicoanálisis. Posteriormente, la noción de transferencia será discutida como vínculo que puede manifestarse por la expresión corporal y la sensorialidad, mientras que la contratransferencia será analizada a partir del campo de la intersubjetividad. Estos aspectos serán ilustrados por dos viñetas clínicas


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Psychotherapy, Group , Transference, Psychology , Observation
2.
Bol. méd. Hosp. Infant. Méx ; 80(2): 115-121, Mar.-Apr. 2023. tab
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1447528

ABSTRACT

Abstract Background: The training needed for doing obstetric ultrasounds is rarely reported. The aim of this study was to determine whether the training of the ultrasonographer influences the prenatal diagnostic certainty of some congenital malformations. Methods: We conducted a retrospective evaluation of antepartum sonographic findings of newborn infants found ultimately to have a congenital anomaly in a tertiary level pediatric reference center. Data were collected on admission for consecutive patients at a tertiary-level pediatric reference center. The mother´s pregnancy and birth demographic variables and those of the prenatal ultrasound (PUS) were analyzed and correlated with the final diagnosis. Results: Sixty-seven neonates were included. All cases underwent PUS with a mean of 4.6. Prenatal diagnosis was established in 24 cases (35.8%). Thirteen surgical anomalies were detected, particularly anorectal malformation and gastroschisis. The accuracy of PUS was associated with the training of the physician performing the PUS, whereby PUS with the greatest accuracy were performed by gynecologists and maternal-fetal specialists against radiologists and general practitioners (p = 0.005). Patients without an accurate prenatal diagnosis had a greater risk of presenting comorbidities (relative risk [RR]: 1.65, p = < 0.001, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.299-2.106). Conclusions: In our setting, prenatal diagnosis of these malformations is directly determined by the training of the person performing the ultrasound.


Resumen Introducción: Con poca frecuencia se ha reportado el entrenamiento necesario para realizar ultrasonido (US) obstétrico. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar si el entrenamiento del ultrasonografista influye en la certeza del diagnóstico prenatal de algunas malformaciones congénitas. Métodos: Se llevó a cabo una evaluación retrospectiva de los hallazgos ultrasonográficos prenatales de neonatos que tuvieron malformaciones congénitas en un hospital de referencia pediátrico de tercer nivel. Se realizó al ingreso de neonatos consecutivos en un hospital de referencia de tercer nivel. Se recolectaron y analizaron datos del embarazo y alumbramiento, así como los de los ultrasonidos prenatales (USP) correlacionando con el diagnóstico final. Resultados: Se incluyeron 67 neonatos. Todos tuvieron USP con media de 4.6. Se realizó diagnóstico prenatal en 24 casos (35.8%). Se detectaron 13 malformaciones congénitas, predominando malformación anorectal gastrosquisis. La certeza del USP se asoció con el entrenamiento del individuo que realizó el US y la mayor certeza se encontró cuando lo realizaron ginecólogos y especialistas materno-fetales contra radiólogos y médicos generales (p = 0.005). Los pacientes sin diagnóstico prenatal certero tuvieron mayor riesgo de presentar comorbilidades (riesgo relativo [RR]: 1.65, p = < 0.001, 95% intervalo de confianza [CI]: 1.299-2.106). Conclusiones: En nuestro medio, el diagnóstico prenatal de estas malformaciones está determinado directamente por el entrenamiento de la persona que realiza el ultrasonido.

3.
Radiol. bras ; 56(4): 187-194, 2023. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1514667

ABSTRACT

Abstract Objective: To assess the reliability of phase-sensitive inversion recovery (PSIR) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and its accuracy for determining the topography of demyelinating cortical lesions in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted at a tertiary referral center for MS and other demyelinating disorders. We assessed the agreement among three raters for the detection and topographic classification of cortical lesions on fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) and PSIR sequences in patients with MS. Results: We recruited 71 patients with MS. The PSIR sequences detected 50% more lesions than did the FLAIR sequences. For detecting cortical lesions, the level of interrater agreement was satisfactory, with a mean free-response kappa (κFR) coefficient of 0.60, whereas the mean κFR for the topographic reclassification of the lesions was 0.57. On PSIR sequences, the raters reclassified 366 lesions (20% of the lesions detected on FLAIR sequences), with excellent interrater agreement. There was a significant correlation between the total number of lesions detected on PSIR sequences and the Expanded Disability Status Scale score (ρ = 0.35; p < 0.001). Conclusion: It seems that PSIR sequences perform better than do FLAIR sequences, with clinically satisfactory interrater agreement, for the detection and topographic classification of cortical lesions. In our sample of patients with MS, the PSIR MRI findings were significantly associated with the disability status, which could influence decisions regarding the treatment of such patients.


Resumo Objetivo: Avaliar a confiabilidade da sequência PSIR e sua precisão no diagnóstico topográfico de lesões corticais desmielinizantes em pacientes com esclerose múltipla (EM). Materiais e Métodos: Estudo transversal realizado em centro de referência terciário para EM e distúrbios desmielinizantes. Avaliamos a concordância entre três avaliadores na identificação e classificação topográfica de lesões corticais na ressonância magnética de pacientes com EM, utilizando as sequências FLAIR e PSIR. Resultados: Foram incluídos 71 pacientes com EM. Em PSIR detectou-se 1,5× mais lesões do que em FLAIR, com concordância satisfatória entre examinadores na identificação de lesões corticais, com coeficiente kappa de resposta livre (κFR) = 0,60, e na reclassificação topográfica das lesões, com κFR médio = 0,57. Os avaliadores reclassificaram 366 lesões em PSIR (20% das lesões detectadas em FLAIR), com excelente concordância. Houve correlação significativa do total de lesões detectadas em PSIR e o escore da escala de incapacidade EDSS (ρ = 0,35; p < 0,001). Conclusão: PSIR mostrou-se superior na detecção de lesões corticais e na classificação topográfica destas em comparação ao FLAIR, com concordâncias entre examinadores clinicamente satisfatórias. A associação significativa entre o número de lesões corticais em PSIR e o grau de incapacidade dos pacientes pode influenciar em decisões terapêuticas.

4.
Rev. cir. (Impr.) ; 74(5)oct. 2022.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1423766

ABSTRACT

Introducción: En 2013, desarrollamos una escala, para evaluar resúmenes de congresos de la Sociedad de Cirujanos de Chile (SOCICH). Objetivo: Determinar consistencia interna y confiabilidad interobservador de una escala para evaluar resúmenes de congresos. Material y Método: Estudio de confiabilidad. Doce cirujanos fueron capacitados de forma virtual durante 8 horas, para aplicar la escala. Una vez finalizado el entrenamiento, se les envió un cuestionario para evaluar contenidos de la capacitación, y varios resúmenescasos para ser evaluados con la escala antes señalada. Se aplicó estadística descriptiva, luego se estimó el grado de acuerdo entre observadores para cada ítem de la escala. Posteriormente, se evaluó el coeficiente de correlación (CCI), utilizando un modelo de dos factores mixtos en el que los efectos de los evaluadores son aleatorios y los ítems fijos; utilizando una definición de acuerdo absoluto. Además, se evaluó la consistencia interna de los ítems utilizando alfa de Cronbach, considerando intérvalos de confianza del 95% (IC 95%). Resultados: Luego de analizar las mediciones de los 9 ítems por los 12 observadores, se verificó que el CCI fue de 0,871; con un IC 95% de 0,700; 0,965. El valor de la consistencia interna fue de 0,7 considerando los 9 ítems, no se recomienda eliminar ningún ítem. Conclusión: La escala tiene buena confiabilidad interobservador y los ítems son consistentes entre sí; por lo que puede ser considerada como un instrumento confiable para la valoración de resúmenes de congresos.


Background: In 2013, we developed a scale to evaluate the abstracts of the congresses of the Society of Surgeons of Chile (SOCICH). Objective: To determine internal consistency and interobserver reliability of a scale to evaluate conference abstracts. Material and Methods: Reliability study. Twelve surgeons were trained virtually for 8 hours, to apply the scale. Once the training was finished, they were sent a questionnaire to evaluate the contents of the training, and several summaries-cases to be evaluated with the aforementioned scale. Descriptive statistics were applied, then the degree of agreement between observers was estimated for each item of the scale. Subsequently, intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was evaluated, using a mixed two-factor model where the effects of the evaluators are random and the items are fixed, using a definition of absolute agreement. In addition, the internal consistency of the items was evaluated using Cronbach's alpha, considering 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Results: After analyzing the measurements of the 9 items by the 12 observers, it was verified that the ICC was 0.871; with a 95% CI of 0.700; 0.965. The internal consistency value was 0.7 considering the 9 items, it is not recommended to delete any item. Conclusions: The scale has good internal consistency and interobserver reliability. Therefore, it can be considered as reliable instrument to be used in the evaluation of abstracts for congresses.

6.
Radiol. bras ; 55(2): 71-77, mar.-abr. 2022. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1365296

ABSTRACT

Abstract Objective: To assess interobserver agreement among radiologists regarding the current Fleischner Society diagnostic criteria for usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) patterns on computed tomography (CT). Materials and Methods: Using the Fleischner Society criteria for UIP CT patterns, five raters, working independently, categorized the high-resolution CT (HRCT) scans of 44 patients with interstitial lung disease who underwent lung biopsy. The raters also evaluated the presence, extent, and distribution of the most relevant imaging findings, as well as indicating their level of confidence in the most likely diagnosis and in up to three diagnostic hypotheses. Results: There was moderate to substantial interobserver agreement regarding the UIP patterns on HRCT—kappa statistic (κ) = 0.59-0.61. Interobserver agreement for the binary scores was substantial (κ = 0.77-0.79), whereas that for the presence of honeycombing was almost perfect (κ = 0.81-0.96). There was agreement regarding at least one of the three diagnostic hypotheses in only 36.4% of the cases. For the level of confidence in the most likely diagnosis, there was only slight to fair agreement (κ = 0.19-0.21). Conclusion: Interobserver agreement regarding the current Fleischner Society CT criteria for UIP was moderate to substantial among raters with varying levels of experience. There was only slight to fair agreement regarding the diagnostic hypotheses and for the level of confidence in the most likely diagnosis.


Resumo Objetivo: Avaliar a concordância interobservador entre radiologistas para os critérios atuais da Fleischner Society para categorias diagnósticas de pneumonia intersticial usual (PIU) em tomografia computadorizada (TC). Materiais e Métodos: Cinco observadores categorizaram independentemente as imagens de TC de 44 pacientes com doença pulmonar intersticial que foram submetidos a biópsia pulmonar empregando as últimas categorias de diagnóstico da Sociedade Fleischner para UIP. Também foram avaliadas presença, extensão e distribuição dos achados de imagem mais relevantes, bem como a confiança no diagnóstico mais provável e em até três hipóteses diagnósticas. Resultados: Houve concordância moderada a alta para as categorias diagnósticas entre os observadores (κ = 0,59-0,61). A concordância interobservador para a pontuação binária foi alta (κ = 0,77-0,79), enquanto para a presença de faveolamento foi considerada de alta a muito alta (κ = 0,81-0,96). Houve concordância em uma das três hipóteses diagnósticas em apenas 36,4% dos casos. Baixa concordância foi encontrada para o diagnóstico mais provável (κ = 0,19-0,21). Conclusão: A concordância entre observadores para os critérios atuais de TC da Fleischner Society para UIP foi moderada a alta entre observadores com diferentes níveis de experiência. Houve baixa concordância nas hipóteses diagnósticas e quanto ao grau de confiança no diagnóstico primário.

7.
J. pediatr. (Rio J.) ; 98(1): 26-32, Jan.-Feb. 2022. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1360553

ABSTRACT

Abstract Objective: To assess intra- and interobserver agreement among non-expert pathologists in identifying features of the eosinophilic esophagitis histologic scoring system (EoEHSS) in pediatric patients. Patients and methods: The authors used 50 slides from patients (aged 1-15 years; 72% male) with EoE. EoEHSS evaluates eosinophilic inflammation and other features including epithelial basal zone hyperplasia, eosinophilic abscesses, eosinophil surface layering, dilated intercellular spaces, surface epithelial alteration, dyskeratotic epithelial cells, and lamina propria fibrosis. Grade and stage of abnormalities are scored using a 4-point scale (0 normal; 3 maximum change). Four pathologists determined EoEHSS findings on two occasions. Intra- and interobserver agreement was assessed using Kappa (κ) statistics and intra-class correlation coefficients. Results: Intra- and interobserver agreement for the identification of eosinophil counts ≥ 15/high power field (HPF) was excellent, however varied when assessing additional features of the EoEHSS. For the more experienced pathologist, agreement for most EoEHSS items and the composite scores was substantial to excellent. For the less experienced pathologists, intraobserver agreement ranged from absent to substantial for individual features and ranged from moderate to substantial for the composite scores. Conclusion: Most items of the EoEHSS had substantial to excellent reliability when assessed by a pathologist experienced in the diagnosis of EoE but presented lower repeatability among less experienced pathologists. These findings suggest that specific training of pathologists is required for the identification of EoEHSS characteristics beyond eosinophil count, as these features are considered useful in the evaluation of response to treatment and correlation with clinical manifestations and endoscopic findings.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Eosinophilic Esophagitis/diagnosis , Eosinophilic Esophagitis/drug therapy , Observer Variation , Reproducibility of Results , Eosinophils/pathology
8.
Rev. Pesqui. Fisioter ; 12(1)jan., 2022. tab
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1398162

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a confiabilidade inter e intraexaminador, na utilização de instrumentos de avaliação da retração de cintura escapular em crianças internadas em uma unidade de cuidados intermediários neonatal. MATERIAL E MÉTODOS: Estudo quantitativo, transversal e observacional, realizado com recém-nascidos e lactentes que necessitaram de internamento em uma unidade de cuidados intermediários neonatal. A coleta de dados ocorreu de outubro de 2019 a fevereiro de 2020. Para avaliação da retração da cintura escapular foi utilizado um protocolo de inspeção biomecânica elaborado pelas pesquisadoras, que possibilitou a realização de medidas (em centímetros) das bordas mediais superiores e inferiores, direita e esquerda, até a coluna vertebral, com a cabeça em rotação para a direita e para a esquerda, e o sinal do cachecol. As avaliações foram realizadas sempre pelos mesmos avaliadores. Para estimar a confiabilidade inter e intraexaminador do protocolo de inspeção biomecânica e sinal do cachecol, foi utilizado o Índice de Kappa e para as medidas do posicionamento das escápulas, o Coeficiente de Correlação Intraclasse. RESULTADOS: O protocolo de inspeção biomecânica dos sinais sugestivos de retração de cintura escapular demostrou concordância leve a moderada interexaminadores, e substancial a quase perfeita intraexaminador. A concordância interexaminadores obtida no sinal do cachecol foi leve a moderada, e quase perfeita intraexaminador. O posicionamento das escápulas apresentou concordância interexaminadores considerada como boa, e concordância excelente intraexaminador. CONCLUSÃO: A avaliação de sinais sugestivos de retração de cintura escapular, em recém-nascidos e lactentes, apresenta baixos índices confiabilidade interexaminadores e altíssima confiabilidade intraexaminador


OBJECTIVE: To evaluate inter and intra-examiner reliability in the use of instruments to assess shoulder girdle retraction in children hospitalized in a neonatal intermediate care unit. METHODS: Quantitative, cross-sectional and observational study carried out with newborns and infants who required hospitalization in a neonatal intermediate care unit. Data collection took place from October 2019 to February 2020. To evaluate shoulder girdle retraction, a biomechanical inspection protocol developed by the researchers was used, which made it possible to measure (in centimeters) from the upper and lower medial edges, right and left, to the spine, with the head in rotation to the right and left, and the scarf sign. The evaluations were always carried out by the same evaluators. To estimate inter and intra-examiner reliability of the biomechanical inspection protocol and scarf signal, the Kappa Index was used and, for measurements of scapular positioning, the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient. RESULTS: The biomechanical inspection protocol for suggestive signs of scapular girdle retraction showed mild to moderate inter-examiner agreement and substantial to almost perfect intra-examiner agreement. The intra-examiner agreement obtained in the scarf sign was mild to moderate and almost perfect intra-examiner. The positioning of the scapulae showed good inter-examiner agreement and excellent intra-examiner agreement. CONCLUSION: The evaluation of suggestive signs of scapular girdle retraction in newborns and infants has low inter-examiner reliability and very high intra-examiner reliability.


Subject(s)
Infant, Newborn , Scapula , Hospitalization
9.
Acta ortop. bras ; 30(6): e257229, 2022. tab
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1419955

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: Evaluating intra- and inter-observer agreement of the Neer, AO, and AO/OTA proximal humerus fractures classification systems in adults. Methods: In total, 100 X-rays of patients with proximal humerus fractures were selected according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria established in this study. They were evaluated by four evaluators with different levels of expertise. The evaluation was performed at two distinct moments, with an interval of 21 days between each analysis. Images were randomized for the second evaluation by a researcher who did not participate in the image selection process. A Fleiss Kappa test was performed to evaluate intra- and inter-observer agreement. Results: We observed a substantial agreement with k = 0.669, k = 0.715, and k = 0.780 for the Neer, AO, and AO/OTA classification systems, respectively. Conclusion: In the second evaluation, intra-observer agreement improved. In the first evaluation, we obtained values of k = 0.724, k = 0.490, and k = 0.599 for the evaluation of the Neer, AO, and AO/OTA classifications. In the second evaluation, the values k = 0.759, k = 0.772, and k = 0.858. Therefore, the evaluations went from moderate to substantial for the AO classification and from moderate to practically perfect for the AO/OTA classification. The level of inter-observer agreement was substantial (0.61-0.80), with k = 0.669, k = 0.715, and k = 0.780 for the Neer, AO, and AO/OTA classifications, respectively. Level of Evidence III, Cross-Sectional Observational Study.


RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a concordância intra e interobservadores entre os sistemas de classificação Neer, AO e AO/OTA nas fraturas do úmero proximal de indivíduos adultos. Métodos: Após a aplicação dos critérios de inclusão e exclusão determinados para a realização deste trabalho, foram selecionadas 100 radiografias de pacientes com fratura do úmero proximal. Estas foram submetidas à avaliação de quatro examinadores com níveis diferentes de expertise. A avaliação foi realizada em dois momentos distintos, com intervalo de 21 dias entre cada análise. As imagens foram randomizadas para a segunda avaliação por um pesquisador que não participou da seleção de imagens. Foi aplicado o teste kappa de Fleiss para verificar a concordância intra e interobservador. Resultados: Na primeira avaliação obtivemos valores de k = 0,724, k = 0,490 e k = 0,599, enquanto na segunda avaliação, os valores k = 0,759, k = 0,772 e k = 0,858 para as avaliações de Neer, AO e AO/OTA, respectivamente. Isso indica que a concordância intraobservador melhorou na segunda avaliação. Conclusões: As avaliações passaram de moderada para substancial para a classificação AO e de moderada para praticamente perfeita para o sistema AO/OTA. O nível de concordância interobservadores foram considerados substanciais (0,61-0,80) com k = 0,669, k = 0,715 e k = 0,780 para as classificações de Neer, AO e AO/OTA, respectivamente. Nível de Evidência III, Estudo Transversal Observacional.

10.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; 84(2): 113-120, Mar,-Apr. 2021. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1153109

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Purpose: To compare the use of visual field and/or optical coherence tomography (OCT) combined with color retinography by non-glaucoma specialists for differentiating glaucoma from physiological cupping. Methods: Eighty patients with glaucoma or physiological cupping (40 of each) were randomized according to the examination used (GI: color retinography, GII: color retinography + visual field, GIII: color retinography + optical coherence tomography, GIV: color retinography + visual field + optical coherence tomography). Twenty non-specialist ophthalmologists diagnosed glaucoma from PowerPoint slide images, without direct patient examination. Results: Inter-examiner agreement was good for GII (ĸ: 0.63; 95%CI, 0.53-0.72), moderate for GIII (ĸ: 0.58; 95%CI, 0.48-0.68) and GIV (ĸ: 0.41; 95%CI, 0.31-0.51), and low for GI (ĸ: 0.30; 95%CI, 0.20-0.39) (p<0.001). Diagnostic accuracy was higher in GIII (15.8 ± 1.82) than GI (12.95 ± 1.46, p<0.001) and higher in GII (16.25 ± 2.02) than GI and GIV (14.10 ± 2.24) (both p<0.001). For glaucoma patients only, diagnostic accuracy in GII and GIII was superior to that in GI and GIV (both p<0.001). Sensitivity and specificity were 59% and 70.5% in GI; 86.5% and 76% in GII, 86.5% and 71.5% in GIII; and 68.5% and 72.5% in GIV, respectively. Accuracy was highest in GII (81.3% [95%CI, 77.1-84.8]), followed by GIII (79% [95%CI, 74.7-82.7]), GIV (70,5% [95%CI, 65.9-74.8]), and GI (64.8% [95%CI, 60.0-69.3]). Conclusions: Non-glaucoma specialists could not differentiate glaucoma from increased physiological cupping when using color retinography assessment alone. Diagnostic accuracy and inter-rater agreement improved significantly with the addition of visual field or optical coherence tomography. However, the use of both modalities did not improve sensitivity/specificity.(AU)


RESUMO Objetivos: Verificar a influência do campo visual e/ou tomografia de coerência óptica, quando analisados em associação à retinografia colorida, na diferenciação entre indivíduos com glaucoma daqueles com aumento fisiológico de escavação. Métodos: Oitenta pacientes com glaucoma ou aumento fisiológico de escavação (40 cada) foram randomizados de acordo com o exame testado (GI: retinografia colorida, GII: retinografia colorida + campo visual, GIII: retinografia colorida + tomografia de coerência óptica, GIV: retinografia colorida + campo visual + tomografia de coerência óptica). Vinte oftalmologistas não especialistas em glaucoma diagnosticaram glaucoma através de slides do PowerPoint, sem o exame direto do paciente. Resultados: A concordância interexaminador foi boa para o GII (ĸ: 0,63; 95%CI, 0,53-0,72), moderada para GIII (ĸ: 0,58; 95%CI, 0,48-0,68) e GIV (ĸ: 0,41; 95%CI, 0,31-0,51), e baixa para o GI (ĸ: 0,30; 95%CI, 0,20-0,39) (p<0,001). Acurácia diagnostica foi maior no GIII (15,8 ± 1,82) em comparação ao GI (12,95 ± 1,46, p<0,001) e o GII (16,25 ± 2,02) maior em comparação ao GI e GIV (14,10 ± 2,24) (para ambos, p<0,001). Para os pacientes com glaucoma, a acurácia diagnostica nos grupos GII e GIII foi superior do que em GI e GIV (ambos p<0,001). Sensibilidade e especificidade foram 59% e 70,5% no GI; 86,5% e 76% no GII, 86,5% e 71,5% no GIII; 68,5% e 72,5% no GIV, respectivamente. A acurácia foi maior no GII (81,3% [95%CI, 77,1-84,8]), seguido pelo GIII (79% [95%CI, 74,7-82,7]), GIV (70,5% [95%CI, 65,9-74,8]), e GI (64,8% [95%CI, 60,0-69,3]). Conclusões: A avaliação isolada da retinografia colorida por oftalmologistas não especialistas em glaucoma não pode diferenciar pacientes com glaucoma daqueles com aumento fisiológico de escavação. Houve aumento da acurácia diagnóstica e da concordância interobservador com o acréscimo do campo visual ou da tomografia de coerência óptica. Entretanto, o uso de ambas as modalidades não melhorou a sensibilidade/especificadade.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Glaucoma/diagnostic imaging , Tomography, Optical Coherence , Specialization , Visual Fields , Visual Field Tests
11.
Cad. Saúde Pública (Online) ; 37(8): e00027321, 2021. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1285862

ABSTRACT

Although tuberculosis preventive therapy is one of the cornerstones for eliminating the disease, many barriers exist in the cascade of care for latent tuberculosis infection, including the need to certify healthcare professionals for reading tuberculin skin tests (TST). This paper proposes and evaluates a simple protocol for TST reading training. Primary care workers from different backgrounds received a 2-hour theoretical course, followed by a practical course on bleb reading. Blebs were obtained by injecting saline into sausages and then in volunteers. A certified trainer then evaluated the effectiveness of this protocol by analyzing the trainees' ability to read TST induration in clinical routine, blinded to each other's readings. Interobserver agreement was analyzed using the Bland-Altman test. The trainees' reading accuracy was calculated using two cut-off points - 5 and 10mm - and the effect of the number of readings was analyzed using a linear mixed model. Eleven healthcare workers read 53 saline blebs and 88 TST indurations, with high agreement for TST reading (0.07mm average bias). Sensitivity was 100% (94.6; 100.0) at 5mm cut-off and 87.3% (75.5; 94.7) at 10mm cut-off. The regression model found no effect of the number of readings [coefficient: -0.007 (-0.055; 0.040)]. A simple training protocol for reading TST with saline blebs simulations in sausages and volunteers was sufficient to achieve accurate TST induration readings, with no effect observed for the number of readings. Training with saline blebs injected into voluntary individuals is safer and easier than the traditional method.


A terapia preventiva da tuberculose é uma das bases para a eliminação da tuberculose. Entretanto, existem muitas barreiras na cascata de cuidados da infecção latente de tuberculose, incluindo a necessidade de certificação dos profissionais de saúde para a leitura da prova tuberculínica (PPD). Aqui, propomos e avaliamos um protocolo simples para capacitação na leitura do PPD. Profissionais na atenção primária com diferentes formações receberam um curso teórico de duas horas, seguido por um curso prático sobre a leitura da enduração. Nas sessões práticas, as pápulas foram obtidas pela injeção de solução salina em salsichas, e depois em voluntários. Depois, a eficácia do protocolo foi avaliada por um instrutor credenciado, com base na capacidade do aluno de ler a enduração do PPD na rotina clínica (em formato duplo-cego em relação às respectivas leituras). A concordância inter-observador foi analisada com o teste de Bland-Altman. A acurácia das leituras dos alunos foi calculada com dois pontos de corte: 5 e 10mm. O efeito do número de leituras foi analisado com um modelo linear misto. Onze profissionais de saúde leram 53 pápulas de solução salina e 88 endurações de PPD. A concordância na leitura dos PPDs foi alta (média de 0,07mm de viés). A sensibilidade foi 100% (94,6; 100,0) com o ponto de corte de 5mm e 87,3% (75,5; 94,7) com o ponto de corte de 10mm. No modelo de regressão, não houve efeito do número de leituras [coeficiente: -0,007 (-0,055; 0,040)]. Um protocolo simples de treinamento em leitura da prova tuberculínica com simulações usando pápulas criadas com solução salina em salsichas e em voluntários foi suficiente para alcançar leituras acuradas da enduração da prova, sem efeito observado pelo número de leituras. O treinamento com pápulas criadas com solução salina em voluntários é mais seguro e mais fácil, comparado com o treinamento tradicional.


La terapia preventiva de la tuberculosis es una de las piedras angulares para la erradicación de la tuberculosis. No obstante, existen muchas barreras en la cascada de cuidado de una infección latente de tuberculosis, incluyendo la necesidad de certificación, en el caso de los profesionales de atención en salud, para la lectura de la prueba cutánea de tuberculina (TST). Aquí proponemos y evaluamos un protocolo simple para el entrenamiento en la lectura de TST. Trabajadores de salud de atención primaria de diferentes contextos recibieron un curso de 2 horas teórico, seguido de una práctica en la lectura de la ampolla. Las ampollas se obtienen inyectado una solución salina en salchichas y luego en voluntarios. Posteriormente, la eficacia de este protocolo fue evaluada mediante un formador certificado a través de la habilidad del personal en formación para la lectura de induración del TST en la rutina clínica, con lecturas cegadas entre ellos. Se analizó la concordancia entre los observadores usando el test Bland-Altman. La precisión de la lectura por parte del personal en formación se calculó usando dos puntos de corte: 5 y 10mm. El efecto del número de lecturas fue analizado usando un modelo lineal mixto. Once trabajadores de salud leyeron 53 soluciones salinas en ampollas y 88 induraciones TST. La concordancia en la lectura del TST fue alta (0,07mm promedio de sesgo). La sensibilidad fue de un 100% (94,6; 100,0) usando los 5mm de corte y 87,3% (75,5; 94,7) usando los 10mm de corte. En el modelo de regresión, no hubo efecto del número de lecturas [coeficiente: -0,007 (-0,055; 0,040)]. Un simple protocolo de entrenamiento para la lectura TST con simulaciones, usando solución salina en ampollas en salchichas y voluntarios fue suficiente para alcanzar lecturas precisas de induración TST, sin efectos observados por el número de lecturas. El entrenamiento con ampollas salinas en personas voluntarias es más seguro y más fácil que el entrenamiento tradicional.


Subject(s)
Humans , Tuberculin Test , Latent Tuberculosis , Primary Health Care , Brazil , Certification
12.
BrJP ; 3(4): 348-353, Oct.-Dec. 2020. tab
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1153256

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Difficulty in neonatal assessment is a challenge for the development of pain prevention and treatment strategies. The objective of this study was to analyze the agreement among health professionals in the identification of facial pain movements in images of neonates submitted or not to a painful procedure and to evaluate the discriminatory capacity of these facial movements regarding the presence of pain. METHODS: Cross-sectional study. Six health professionals trained in neonatal pain assessment evaluated 30 images of newborns undergoing a painful procedure and 30 images of the same newborns at rest, without pain. Each professional evaluated five facial movements that are part of the Neonatal Facial Coding System. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values were determined. Agreement among professionals was assessed using the kappa coefficient. RESULTS: The six observers correctly assessed 94±9% of the images obtained at rest as absence of pain and 88±28% of the images obtained during the painful procedure as presence of pain. Protruding forehead, narrowed eyelid cleft, deepened nasolabial furrow, and open mouth showed high sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values in the diagnosis of pain, with values between 78-90%. The inter-observer agreement for all 60 images showed a kappa coefficient of 0.60 (95%CI 0.55-0.66). CONCLUSION: The evaluation of the forehead, eyelid, nasolabial furrow and mouth of newborns showed high sensitivity and specificity to discriminate the presence and absence of pain in static images. The agreement between the evaluators in identifying facial movements related to the expression of pain in newborns was moderate.


RESUMO JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A dificuldade na avaliação da dor do recém-nascido é um desafio para o desenvolvimento de estratégias de prevenção e tratamento da dor. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a concordância entre profissionais de saúde na identificação de movimentos faciais de dor em imagens de recém-nascidos submetidos ou não a um procedimento doloroso e a capacidade discriminatória quanto à presença de dor desses movimentos faciais. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal. Seis profissionais de saúde treinados na avaliação da dor neonatal avaliaram 30 imagens de recém-nascidos submetidos a um procedimento doloroso e 30 imagens em repouso dos mesmos recém-nascidos, sem dor. Cada profissional avaliou cinco movimentos faciais que fazem parte do Sistema de Codificação Facial Neonatal. Sensibilidade, especificidade e valores preditivos positivos e negativos foram determinados. A concordância interavaliadores foi avaliada pelo coeficiente kappa. RESULTADOS: Os seis observadores avaliaram corretamente 94±9% das imagens obtidas em repouso como ausência de dor e 88±28% das imagens obtidas durante o procedimento doloroso como presença de dor. Fronte saliente, fenda palpebral estreitada, sulco nasolabial aprofundado e boca aberta mostraram alta sensibilidade, especificidade e valores preditivos positivo e negativo no diagnóstico de dor, com valores entre 78 e 90%. A concordância interavaliadores para todas as 60 imagens mostrou um kappa 0,60 (IC95%0,55-0,66). CONCLUSÃO: A avaliação da fronte, pálpebra, sulco nasolabial e boca de recém-nascidos mostrou alta sensibilidade e especificidade para discriminar a presença e ausência de dor em imagens estáticas. A concordância interavaliadores na identificação de movimentos faciais relacionados à expressão da dor em recém- -nascidos foi moderada.

13.
São Paulo med. j ; 138(4): 310-316, July-Aug. 2020. tab
Article in English | LILACS, SES-SP | ID: biblio-1139710

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: The accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for making the diagnosis of subscapularis tears presents wide variation in the literature and there are few prospective studies. OBJECTIVE: To compare the findings from MRI and arthroscopy for diagnosing subscapularis tears. DESIGN AND SETTING: Diagnostic test study performed in a tertiary care hospital. METHODS: We included patients who underwent arthroscopic rotator cuff repair and who had firstly undergone high magnetic field MRI without contrast. The images were independently evaluated by a shoulder surgeon and two musculoskeletal radiologists. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, accuracy and inter and intra-observer agreement were calculated. RESULTS: MRIs on 200 shoulders were evaluated. The incidence of subscapularis tears was 69.5% (41.5% partial and 28.0% full-thickness). The inter and intra-observer agreement was moderate for detection of subscapularis tears. The shoulder surgeon presented sensitivity of 51.1% to 59.0% and specificity of 91.7% to 94.4%. The radiologists showed sensitivity of 83.5% to 87.1% and specificity of 41% to 45.9%. Accuracy ranged from 60.5% to 73.0%. CONCLUSION: The 1.5-T MRIs without contrast showed mean sensitivity of 70.2% and mean specificity of 61.9% for detection of subscapularis tears. Sensitivity was higher for the musculoskeletal radiologists, while specificity was higher for the shoulder surgeon. The mean accuracy was 67.6%, i.e. lower than that of rotator cuff tears overall.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Tendon Injuries/diagnostic imaging , Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods , Rotator Cuff/diagnostic imaging , Rotator Cuff Injuries/diagnostic imaging , Arthroscopy , Observer Variation , Predictive Value of Tests , Prospective Studies , Reproducibility of Results , Sensitivity and Specificity , Rotator Cuff/surgery , Diagnostic Tests, Routine , Rotator Cuff Injuries/surgery
14.
Aval. psicol ; 19(1): 10-17, jan.-abr. 2020. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, INDEXPSI | ID: biblio-1089018

ABSTRACT

O clima familiar refere-se à percepção de características dos relacionamentos intrafamiliares por seus membros. O presente estudo visa investigar evidências de validade baseada na estrutura interna da versão de heterorrelato do Inventário de Clima Familiar. Participaram do estudo 722 cuidadores (76,3 % mulheres) de crianças (52,4% meninas) com idades entre oito e 12 anos (Midade = 9,17; DP =1,59). Análises Fatoriais Exploratórias (AFE) indicaram propriedades psicométricas adequadas (Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin [KMO] = 0,90049; Bartlett's test of sphericity = 5850,8; df = 231; p < 0,001; RMSEA= 0,058; NNFI = 0.,971; WRMR= 0,0537) e uma solução de dois fatores da versão de heterorrelato do ICF, sendo eles Clima Familiar Positivo e Clima Familiar Negativo, em consistência com a literatura sobre clima familiar.(AU)


The family climate refers to the perception of family relationship characteristics by its members. The present study aimed to investigate the evidence of validity of the observer-report version of the Family Climate Inventory based on its internal structure. A total of 722 caregivers (76.3% women) of children (52.4% girls) aged between 8 and 12 years (Mage = 9.17, SD = 1.59) participated in the study. Exploratory factor analysis indicated adequate psychometric properties (Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin [KMO] = 0.90049; Bartlett's test of sphericity = 5850.8; df = 231; p <0.001; RMSEA= 0.058; NNFI = 0.971; WRMR= 0.0537) and a two factor solution for the observer-report version. The factors Positive Family Climate and Negative Family Climate are consistent with the literature on family climate.(AU)


Se considera Clima Familiar a la percepción de características de las relaciones intrafamiliares por sus miembros. El presente estudio buscó evidencias de validez basadas en la estructura interna de la versión de heterorrelato de la Escala de Clima Familiar. Participaron del estudio 722 cuidadores (76.3% mujeres) de niños (52.4% de sexo femenino) con edades entre 8 y 12 años (Medad = 9.17, DS = 1.59). El Análisis Factorial Exploratorio indicó propiedades psicométricas adecuadas (Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin [KMO] = 0.90049; Bartlett's test of sphericity = 5850.8; df = 231; p < 0.001; RMSEA= 0.058; NNFI = 0.971; WRMR= 0.0537), y también una solución de dos factores de la versión de heterorrelato del ICF, siendo ellos: Clima Familiar Positivo y Clima Familiar Negativo, corroborando con la literatura existente sobre clima familiar.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adult , Caregivers/psychology , Family Relations/psychology , Reproducibility of Results , Factor Analysis, Statistical
15.
Coluna/Columna ; 19(1): 22-25, Jan.-Mar. 2020. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1089634

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective The objective of this study was to analyze the intraobserver and interobserver reliability of the Lenke classification among spine surgeons from the city of Salvador, Bahia. Methods Preoperative imaging (front, profile and lateral inclinations) examinations of 20 patients at the Outpatient Clinic of the of Santa Izabel Hospital Orthopedic Department, Salvador, Bahia, who had been diagnosed with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis, were selected to be evaluated by 15 spine surgeons two times at an interval of 30 days, for analysis of the intraobserver and interobserver reliability of the Lenke classification. The project was first submitted for ethical analysis to the Institutional Review Board of the Santa Izabel Hospital - Santa Casa de Misericórdia da Bahia / Prof. Dr. Celso Figueirôa and approved with voucher number 002650/2019. All the participants signed the Informed Consent Form (ICF). Results Analyzing the concordance using the Kappa index, interobserver reproducibilities of 0.755, 0.525 and 0.840 were obtained for the type of curve and the lumbar and sagittal modifiers, respectively, while the intraobserver reliabilities for the same parameters were 0.921, 0.370 and 0.929. Conclusion For the study population, the reliability of Lenke's classification was moderate to almost perfect. Level of evidence III; Interobserver and intraobserver reliability.


RESUMO Objetivo O objetivo do presente trabalho consiste em analisar a confiabilidade intraobservador e interobservador da classificação de Lenke entre cirurgiões de coluna da cidade de Salvador, Bahia. Métodos Foram selecionados exames de imagem pré-operatórios (frente, perfil e inclinações laterais) de 20 pacientes acompanhados no Ambulatório de Coluna do Departamento de Ortopedia do Hospital Santa Izabel, Salvador, Bahia, com diagnóstico de escoliose idiopática do adolescente, para serem avaliados por 15 cirurgiões de coluna, em dois momentos, com intervalo de 30 dias, para análise da confiabilidade intraobservador e interobservador da Classificação de Lenke. O projeto foi, antes de tudo, submetido a análise de ética no CEP Hospital Santa Izabel - Santa Casa de Misericórdia da Bahia/Prof. Dr. Celso Figueirôa e aprovado com número de comprovante 002650/2019. Todos os participantes assinaram o Termo de Livre Consentimento Esclarecido (TCLE). Resultados Analisando-se a concordância por meio do índice Kappa, obteve-se uma reprodutibilidade interobservador de 0,755, 0,525 e 0,840, respectivamente, para o tipo de curva, modificador lombar e sagital, já a confiabilidade intraobservador é de 0,921, 0,370 e 0,929, respectivamente para o tipo de curva, modificador lombar e modificador sagital. Conclusão Para a população em estudo, a confiabilidade da classificação de Lenke é de moderada a quase perfeita. Nível de evidência III; Reprodutibilidade interobservador e intraobservador.


RESUMEN Objetivo El objetivo del presente trabajo consiste en analizar la confiabilidad intraobservador e interobservador de la clasificación de Lenke entre cirujanos de columna de la ciudad de Salvador, Bahia. Métodos Fueron seleccionados exámenes de imagen preoperatorios (frente, perfil e inclinaciones laterales) de 20 pacientes acompañados en el Ambulatorio de Columna del Departamento de Ortopedia del Hospital Santa Izabel, Salvador, Bahia, con diagnóstico de escoliosis idiopática del adolescente, para ser evaluados por 15 cirujanos de columna, en dos momentos, con intervalo de 30 días, para análisis de la confiabilidad intraobservador e interobservador de la Clasificación de Lenke. El proyecto fue, antes que nada, sometido a análisis de ética en el CEP Hospital Santa Izabel - Santa Casa de Misericordia de Bahia/Prof. Dr. Celso Figueirôa y aprobado con número de comprobante 002650/2019. Todos los participantes firmaron el Término de Libre Consentimiento Esclarecido (TCLE). Resultados Analizándose la concordancia por medio del índice Kappa, se obtuvo una reproductibilidad interobservador de 0,755, 0,525 e 0,840, respectivamente, para el tipo de curva, modificador lumbar y sagital, ya la confiabilidad intraobservador es de 0,921, 0,370 e 0,929, respectivamente para el tipo de curva, modificador lumbar y modificador sagital. Conclusión Para la población en estudio, la confiabilidad de la clasificación de Lenke es de moderada a casi perfecta. Nivel de evidencia III; Reproductibilidad interobservador e intraobservador.


Subject(s)
Humans , Scoliosis , Observer Variation , Reproducibility of Results , Classification
16.
Acta ortop. bras ; 28(1): 36-39, Jan.-Feb. 2020. tab
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1054764

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: The use of images in 3D reconstruction is an instrument that facilitates the interpretation of the fracture, observations of deviations, rotations and articular surface. Objective: To evaluate the inter-observer and intra-observer reliability of the Neer x AO proximal humerus fracture classification on radiographs versus computed tomography with three-dimensional reconstruction (3D). Methods: We evaluated the digital radiographs (anteroposterior and profile) and computerized tomography with 3D reconstruction of patients presenting with a proximal humerus fracture, surgically treated at an Orthopedics and Traumatology Service. All radiographs and computed tomography were classified (Neer and AO) by eight (8) orthopedic surgeons, specialists in the upper limb and sent, following the pre-established numeration by the author, in a spreadsheet to the author of the study. Results: The Neer and AO scores were more reproducible when determined by computed tomography with 3D reconstruction, mainly in fractures of greater complexity (Neer 4 parts and AO group C). However, in absolute values, inter and intra-observer reproducibility and concordance still remain low. Conclusion: Computed tomography with 3D reconstruction allows a better analysis of fractures of group C and Neer 4 parts. However, the inter and intra-observer agreement does not increase significantly in comparison to the radiographs. Level of evidence III, Study of non-consecutive patients, without gold standard, applied uniformly.


RESUMO Objetivo: O uso de imagens em reconstrução 3D são um instrumento facilitador na interpretação da fratura, observações dos desvios, rotações e superfície articular. Objetivo: Avaliar a confiabilidade inter-observador e intra-observador da classificação da fratura de úmero proximal, descrita por Neer x AO, em radiografias versus tomografias computadorizadas com reconstrução tridimensional (3D). Métodos: Avaliamos as radiografias digitais (anteroposterior e perfil) e tomografias computadorizadas com reconstrução 3D de pacientes que apresentavam fratura de úmero proximal, tratados cirurgicamente em um Serviço de Ortopedia e Traumatologia. Todas as radiografias e tomografias computadorizadas foram classificadas (Neer e AO) por oito (8) cirurgiões ortopédicos especialistas em membro superior e enviadas, seguindo a numeração pré-estabelecida pelo autor, em uma planilha para o autor do trabalho. Resultados: A classificação de Neer e AO foram mais reprodutíveis quando determinadas pela tomografia computadorizada com reconstrução 3D, principalmente em fraturas de maior complexidade (Neer 4 partes e AO grupo C). Porém, em valores absolutos, a reprodutibilidade e concordância inter e intraobservador ainda permanecem baixas. Conclusão: A tomografia com reconstrução 3D, permite uma melhor análise das fraturas do grupo C e Neer 4 partes. Entretanto, não aumenta significativamente a concordância global inter e intraobservador em comparação as radiografias. Nível de Evidência III, Estudo de pacientes não consecutivos, sem padrão ouro, aplicados uniformemente.

17.
Radiol. bras ; 53(1): 27-33, Jan.-Feb. 2020. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1057040

ABSTRACT

Abstract Objective: To determine the best cutoff value for classifying breast masses by ultrasound elastography, using dedicated software for strain elastography, and to determine the level of interobserver agreement. Materials and Methods: We enrolled 83 patients with 83 breast masses identified on ultrasound and referred for biopsy. After B-mode ultrasound examination, the lesions were manually segmented by three radiologists with varying degrees of experience in breast imaging, designated reader 1 (R1, with 15 years), reader 2 (R2, with 2 years), and reader 3 (R3, with 8 years). Elastography was performed automatically on the best image with computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) software. Cutoff values of 70%, 75%, 80%, and 90% of hard areas were applied for determining the performance of the CAD software. The best cutoff value for the most experienced radiologists was then compared with the visual assessment. Interobserver agreement for the best cutoff value was determined, as were the interclass correlation coefficient and concordance among the radiologists for the areas segmented. Results: The best cutoff value of the proportion of hard area within a breast mass, for experienced radiologists, was found to be 75%. At a cutoff value of 75%, the interobserver agreement was excellent between R1 and R2, as well as between R1 and R3, and good between R2 and R3. The interclass concordance coefficient among the three radiologists was 0.950. When assessing the segmented areas by size, we found that the level of agreement was higher among the more experienced radiologists. Conclusion: The best cutoff value for a quantitative CAD system to classify breast masses was 75%.


Resumo Objetivo: Determinar o melhor valor de corte para classificar os nódulos mamários pela elastografia por ultrassom, usando um software dedicado para elastografia por deformação, e determinar o nível de concordância interobservadores. Materiais e Métodos: Foram incluídos no estudo 83 pacientes com 83 massas mamárias identificadas no ultrassom e encaminhados para biópsia. Após o exame ultrassonográfico no modo B, as lesões foram manualmente segmentadas por três radiologistas com diferentes graus de experiência em imagem da mama: leitor 1 (R1, com 15 anos de experiência), leitor 2 (R2, com 2 anos de experiência) e leitor 3 (R3, com 8 anos de experiência). A classificação pela elastografia foi realizada automaticamente com base na melhor imagem com o software diagnóstico auxiliado por computador (DAC). Valores de corte de 70%, 75%, 80% e 90% das áreas duras foram aplicados para determinar o desempenho do software DAC. O melhor valor de corte para os radiologistas foi comparado com a avaliação visual. A concordância interobservadores para o melhor valor de corte foi determinada, assim como o coeficiente de correlação interclasses e a concordância entre os radiologistas para as áreas segmentadas. Resultados: O melhor valor de corte da proporção de área dura dentro de um nódulo mamário foi de 75% para os radiologistas mais experientes. Com um valor de corte de 75%, a concordância interobservadores foi excelente entre R1 e R2 e entre R1 e R3, e boa entre R2 e R3. O coeficiente de concordância interclasses entre os três radiologistas foi de 0,950. Ao avaliar as áreas segmentadas por tamanho, constatamos que o nível de concordância foi maior entre os radiologistas mais experientes. Conclusão: O melhor valor de corte para um sistema quantitativo de DAC para classificar as massas mamárias foi de 75%.

18.
Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research ; (53): 4744-4750, 2020.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-847403

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Facial scars are mainly caused by trauma or surgery, which greatly affect the appearance. Dermatologists and plastic surgeons have tried many ways to change the appearance of scars. Botulinum toxin A injection is widely used in clinical practice for prevention of scars, but the efficacy and safety are not proved. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of botulinum toxin A injection in the prevention of facial trauma or postoperative hypertrophic scar. METHODS: PubMed, EMbase, the Cochrane library, CNKI, CBM, WanFang, and VIP were searched for randomized controlled trials regarding botulinum toxin A injection in the prevention of facial scars. Manual retrieval was done for supplement of incomplete data. Two doctors were responsible for literature screen and evaluation. Finally, 11 randomized controlled clinical trials were included. The experimental group was injected with botulinum toxin A, and the control group was given saline or nothing. Part of the data was analyzed using Revman 5.3 software for meta-analysis, and the data that could not be analyzed using software were subjected to a descriptive analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Eleven randomized controlled trials were included, involving 436 patients with 518 wounds. Meta-analyses showed that Vancouver scar scale score, visual analogue scale score and width of scars in the botulinum toxin A group were significantly better than those in the control group (weighted mean difference (WMD)=-1.61, 95% confidence interval (CI)=-2.06 to -0.26, P = 0.02; WMD=1.7, 95%CI=0.38 to 3.02, P = 0.01; WMD=-0.17, 95%CI=-0.22 to -0.12, P < 0.000 1). Incidence of adverse reactions of botulinum toxin A group was higher than that in the control group (χ2 =8.335, P=0.004), but they were all slight and easy to release. There were no serious adverse events in both groups. It seems that botulinum toxin A injection can reduce the width of scars, improve Vancouver scale and visual analogue scale scores. However, it is suggested to make clear communication before and after the operation and take measures to deal with various adverse reactions in advance.

19.
Rev. colomb. cir ; 35(3): 449-454, 2020. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1123187

ABSTRACT

Introduction. Currently surgical findings dictate the post-operative treatment of patients with acute appendicitis; however, this relies only on the judgement of the surgeon during the appendectomy. This study aimed to determine the inter-rater reliability between surgeons and pathologists at a tertiary hospital.Methods. This was a cross-sectional retrospective study conducted between October 2015 and October 2016 at the Central Military Hospital in Bogotá. Patients who underwent appendectomy due to suspected acute appendicitis and had histopathological with their respective surgical findings were included. Our aim was to determine the agreement between surgical and pathology reports. Results. During the study period, we identified 418 patients who underwent appendectomy. Surgeons assessed 32 (7.77%) appendix as negative, 78 (18.93%) as inflamed, 110 (26.7%) as suppurative, 137 (33.25%) gangrenous and 55 (13.35%) as perforated. Highest agreement was observed in patients with suppurative appendicitis (82/110; 74.5%). Overall Kappa indicated a poor-fair agreement between the pathologist and surgeons (Kappa = 0.2950, 95% CI 0.2384-035.17, p < 0.0001).Conclusion. There is a poor concordance between surgical and pathologic findings in our study, which is similar to previous articles. As a take home message, surgeons and pathologist should revise the definition of the clinical and the histopathological criteria to better describe the findings and reach a better agreement


Introducción. Los hallazgos quirúrgicos actuales dictan el tratamiento postoperatorio de los pacientes con apendicitis aguda; sin embargo, esto se basa únicamente en el juicio del cirujano durante la apendicectomía. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar la correlación de la evaluación entre cirujanos y patólogos en un hospital de tercer nivel. Métodos. Estudio transversal retrospectivo realizado entre octubre de 2015 y octubre de 2016 en el Hospital Militar Central de Bogotá. Se incluyeron pacientes que se sometieron a apendicectomía debido a sospecha de apendicitis aguda y tenían histopatología con sus respectivos hallazgos quirúrgicos. Nuestro objetivo fue determinar la concordancia entre el informe quirúrgico y el de patología.Resultados. Durante el período de estudio, identificamos a 418 pacientes que se sometieron a apendicectomía. Los cirujanos evaluaron 32 (7,77%) apéndices como negativos, 78 (18,93%) como inflamados, 110 (26,7%) como supurativos, 137 (33,25%) gangrenosos y 55 (13,35%) como perforados. La mayor concordancia se observó en pacientes con apendicitis supurativa (82/110; 74.5%). En general, Kappa indicó un acuerdo poco equitativo entre el patólogo y los cirujanos (Kappa = 0.2950, IC 95% 0.2384-035.17, p <0.0001).Conclusión. Hay una pobre concordancia entre los hallazgos quirúrgicos y patológicos en nuestro estudio, similar a los documentos médicos anteriores. Como mensaje, los cirujanos y el patólogo deben revisar la definición de los criterios clínicos e histopatológicos para describir mejor los hallazgos y llegar a un mejor acuerdo


Subject(s)
Humans , Appendicitis , Pathology, Surgical , Surgical Procedures, Operative , Observer Variation
20.
The Malaysian Journal of Pathology ; : 15-24, 2019.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-750400

ABSTRACT

@#Introduction: In the event of encountering hydropic villi in products of conception specimens, pathologists will have to distinguish complete and partial hydatidiform mole (CHM & PHM) from hydropic abortion (HA). The histological diagnostic criteria are subjective and demonstrate considerable inter-observer variability. Materials and Methods: This study evaluated the inter-observer variability in diagnosis of CHM, PHM and HA according to defined histologic criteria. Ninety abortus conception specimens were reviewed. Representative haematoxylin and eosin-stained slides were assigned independently to two pathologists who were asked to make a diagnosis of CHM, PHM or HA, and provide a report of the identified diagnostic histological criteria. Kappa value was calculated for the inter-observer agreement. Results: There was a total of 36.7% disagreement between two pathologists (K = 0.403, Strength of Agreement = moderate), of which 24.4% and 12.2%, were differentiating PHM from CHM and PHM from HA, respectively. Among defined diagnostic histological criteria, the highest rate of agreement was observed in the identification of cistern formation and hydropic changes (K = 0.746 and 0.686 respectively, Strength of Agreement = substantial). Conclusion: There was moderate to substantial agreement rate between two pathologists in identification of two essential histologic criteria for diagnosis of molar pregnancies i.e. “hydropic change” and “trophoblastic proliferation”.

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