Structure and Function of Rhizomicrobes Recruited by Acteoside in Root Exudates of Rehmannia glutinosa / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo reveal the correlation of Rehmannia glutinosa-soil feedback process with the formation of its continuous cropping obstacles through the identification of the root exudates of R. glutinosa and analysis of the specific rhizomicrobes recruited by the root exudate. MethodThe root exudates of R. glutinosa seedlings germinated under sterilized condition and those enriched in the rhizosphere of R. glutinosa cultivated in the field were collected and analyzed using the ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry（UPLC-Q-TOF-MS）. The highly abundant compounds identified in the root exudates were added into blank soil， and the soil microbial community was profiled using Illumina Miseq sequencing. The bacterial and fungal functions were predicted by PICRUSt and FUNGuild， respectively. ResultThe identification results showed that seven phenylethanoid glycosides were found in R. glutinosa root exudates， and acteoside possessed the highest abundance. In the soil enriched with acteoside， the bacterial genera such as Agromyces， Pseudomonas， Lysobacter， Sphingobium， Pseudoxanthomonas and Sphingomonas were enriched. For the fungi， the genera Neocosmospora， Plectosphaerella and Dactylonectria， and the species such as Neocosmospora rubicola， Plectosphaerella cucumerina， Dactylonectria alcacerensis and Fusarium solani showed higher abundance. The functional analysis indicated the above-mentioned bacterial genera may realize rapid proliferation by utilizing， biodegrading and transforming phenylethanoid glycosides， and some potential fungal pathogens were colonized. ConclusionThe R. glutinsoa-soil feedbacks were likely generated by the phenylethanoid glycosides in the root exudates together with the specific rhizomicrobes. The investigations of R. glutinsoa-soil feedbacks under continuous cropping system are critical to the further understanding of the underlying mechanisms related to its continuous cropping obstacles.

Obstacles and Facilitators in Daily Living Activities Among Persons with Spinal Cord Injury: A Systemic Review

@#Introduction: This systematic review aimed to investigate the level of participation, obstacles, and facilitator factors that influence activities of daily living among persons with spinal cord injury (SCI). Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted in four online databases, namely Google Scholar, PubMed, OT Seeker, and Cochrane Library covering the ten-years period from January 2012 to December 2022. Inclusion criteria encompassed original published studies in English focusing on daily activities, work, participation, obstacles, and facilitators in persons with SCI. Non-peer review sources (e.g., abstracts, grey literature, preprints), and studies unrelated to occupational therapy were excluded. The selected studies were assessed for quality using McMaster University Occupational Therapy Evidence-Based Practice critical review form. Results: Out of the 678 articles identified, ten studies were included after the screening, exploring participation in daily living activities, employment, return to work, leisure activities, family tasks, and community mobility among persons with SCI. Obstacles and facilitators influencing participation in activities of daily living were classified using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) framework. This review highlighted that long-term participation is challenging for persons with SCI, affected by obstacles such as body functions, pain, low self-esteem, and environmental and social factors. Conclusion: The findings underscore the importance of adopting a multidisciplinary rehabilitation approach to enhance participation in daily activities for persons with SCI. Occupational therapy plays a significant role in improving participation levels among persons with SCI.

Prácticas de lectura de los jóvenes de la Facultad de Ciencias de la Información de la Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, México, 2022

En este documento se aborda las prácticas de lectura de los jóvenes universitarios de la Facultad de Ciencias de la Información, de la Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí. Se utilizó el enfoque mixto, con el método cuantitativo y cualitativo con una muestra intencional conformado por ocho estudiantes de la Licenciatura en Gestión de la Información. Entre los principales resultados se encontró que los gustos lectores de los alumnos son las historias de amor (50 %), ciencia ficción (38 %), misterio y superación personal (25%). El 63% leen por obligación, por crecimiento personal (50 %) y por cultura general (38%). El principal obstáculo lector versa en la falta de concentración (38 %). Los alumnos a crecentan sus lecturas cuando presentan algún problema sentimental. El profesor sigue siendo el principal actor social que favorece los acercamientos lectores en la escuela.

This document addresses the reading practices of young university students from the Faculty of Information Sciences, of the Autonomous University of San Luis Potosí. The mixed approach was used, with the quantitative and qualitative method with an intentional sample made up of eight students from the Information Management Degree. Among the main results, it was found that the reading tastes of the students are love stories (50 %), science fiction (38 %), mystery and self-improvement (25%). 63 % read out of obligation, for personal growth (50 %) and for general knowledge (38%). The main reading obstacle is the lack of concentration (38 %). Students increase their reading when they have a sentimental problem. The teacher continues to be the main social actor that favors reading approaches at school.

PROBLEMS AND CHALLENGES BY YOUNG NURSING GRADUATES: A CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY

Nursing graduates face multifaceted issues, obstacles and problems that negatively affect the work environment and the psychological state of the nurse himself. A descriptive study using a Method: qualitative approach that included 216 nurses from central hospitals using a questionnaire and objective analysis as a data analysis method. We expect to ?nd a very large group that encountered dif?culties or obstacles that disturb and hinder Results: the progress of work and have a negative impact. As mentioned earlier, after applying the chosen method, the Discussions: information collected helped to take a closer look at the current situation of the nursing staff in the selected care centres.

Associação entre marcadores inflamatórios e o padrão locomotor durante a ultrapassagem de obstáculos em idosos / Association between inflammatory markers and locomotor pattern during obstacle avoidance in older adults

Resumo Objetivo investigar a associação dos biomarcadores inflamatórios na tarefa de ultrapassagem de obstáculos com diferentes níveis de complexidade manipulados pela característica do obstáculo (sólido e frágil) em idosos. Método 17 idosos (≥60 anos) foram avaliados em dois momentos: 1) Análise do padrão locomotor durante a ultrapassagem de obstáculo em duas condições (sólido e frágil). As variáveis estudadas, para membros de abordagem e suporte foram: velocidade, comprimento, largura e duração da passada, distância horizontal pé-obstáculo, distância horizontal obstáculo-pé, distância vertical pé-obstáculo e Máxima elevação do pé. 2) A análise dos biomarcadores interleucina 6 (IL-6) e proteína C Reativa (PCR) foi realizada por meio de coleta de sanguínea. A análise de regressão linear múltipla foi realizada para verificar associação entre o padrão locomotor e os biomarcadores inflamatórios (IL-6 e PCR) com nível de significância de p≤0,05. Resultados A análise de regressão mostrou que a Interleucina 6 apresentou associação com as seguintes variáveis: 1) largura da passada na condição obstáculo sólido, 2) máxima elevação do pé (membro de suporte) para ultrapassagem do obstáculo frágil, 3) distância horizontal pé-obstáculo (membro de abordagem) na condição de obstáculo sólido, 4) máxima elevação do pé (membro de abordagem) para ultrapassagem do obstáculo frágil, 5) máxima elevação do pé (membro de abordagem) para ultrapassagem do obstáculo sólido. A PCR apresentou associação com a variável Distância Horizontal Pé-Obstáculo (membro de abordagem) apenas para a condição de obstáculo frágil. Conclusão Os biomarcadores inflamatórios apresentam uma associação com o comportamento locomotor em idosos, independente da condição de fragilidade do obstáculo.

Abstract Objective to investigate the association of inflammatory biomarkers on the locomotor pattern during obstacle avoidance with different levels of complexity manipulated by the characteristic of the obstacle (solid and fragile) in older adults. Method 17 older adults (≥60 years old) were evaluated in two moments: 1) Analysis of the locomotor pattern during obstacle crossing in two conditions (solid and fragile). The variables studied for trailing and leading limbs were: speed, length, width and duration of the stride, horizontal foot-obstacle distance, horizontal obstacle-foot distance, vertical foot-obstacle distance and Maximum foot elevation. 2) Blood collection, for analysis of the inflammatory biomarkers Interleukin 6 (IL6) and C-Reactive Protein (CRP). Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to verify association between locomotor pattern and inflammatory biomarkers (IL6 and CRP) with a significance level of p≤0.05. Results The regression analysis showed that Interleukin 6 was associated with the following variables: 1) stride width in the solid obstacle condition, 2) maximum foot elevation (leading limb) to avoidance the fragile obstacle, 3) horizontal foot-obstacle distance (trailing limb) in solid obstacle condition, 4) maximum foot elevation (trailing limb) to avoidance the fragile obstacle, 5) maximum foot elevation (trailing limb) to avoidance the solid obstacle. C-Reactive Protein was associated with the horizontal foot-obstacle distance (trailing limb) only for the fragile obstacle condition. Conclusion Inflammatory biomarkers are associated with the locomotor pattern in older adults, regardless of the fragility of the obstacle.

Obstáculos para ser deportista de alto rendimiento en Chile / Obstáculos para ser esportista de alto rendimento no Chile / Obstacles to be a high-performance athlete in Chile

La masificación de los deportes ha hecho visible la interacción de varias dimensiones del rendimiento que favorecen o dificultan el desarrollo de un deportista de alto rendimiento. Algunas de estas dimensiones son el contexto social/cultural en el que viven los deportistas, la influencia de las políticas públicas en el desarrollo a largo plazo de las carreras deportivas, el entorno familiar, de amigos y entrenadores, así como también aspectos nutricionales y psicológicos. Este estudio de tipo cualitativo busca comprender desde la voz de los y las deportistas cuáles son los aspectos considerados como obstaculizadores para el alto rendimiento en Chile. Los resultados demuestran que son obstaculizadores la falta de apoyo, la carrera dual, implementación para entrenar y discriminación de género. Se concluye proponiendo nuevos horizontes para las políticas públicas en el marco del apoyo a deportistas que se hagan cargo de resolver estos obstaculizadores. (AU)

A massificação do esporte tornou visível a interação de várias dimensões do desempenho que favorecem ou dificultam o desenvolvimento de um atleta de alto rendimento. Algumas delas são o contexto sociocultural em que os atletas vivem, a influência das políticas públicas no desenvolvimento a longo prazo da carreira esportiva, o ambiente familiar, amigos, treinadores, além de aspectos nutricionais e psicológicos. Este estudo qualitativo busca compreender a partir da voz dos atletas quais são os aspectos considerados como obstáculos ao alto rendimento no Chile. Os resultados mostram que os obstáculos são a falta de apoio, dupla carreira, implementação de formação e discriminação de gênero. Conclui propondo novos horizontes para as políticas públicas no âmbito do apoio aos atletas que se encarregam de resolver esses obstáculos. (AU)

The massification of sports has made visible the interaction of various dimensions of performance that favor or hinder the development of high-performance athletes. Some of these are the social and cultural context in which athletes live, the influence of public policies on the long-term development of sports careers, the family environment, friends, coaches, as well as nutritional and psychological aspects. This qualitative study seeks to understand from the voice of athletes what are the aspects considered as obstacles to high performance in Chile. The results show that the obstacles are the lack of support, dual career, implementation to train and gender discrimination. It concludes by proposing new horizons for public policies in the framework of supporting athletes who take charge of solving these obstacles. (AU)

Towards interventions on school dropouts for disabled learners amidst and post-COVID-19 pandemic

Background: Despite objective arguments for inclusive education, there is a dearth of mechanisms to reduce dropouts amongst disabled learners in the extant literature. Thus, this article is one of the outputs of a study, which was conducted after a consistent observation of dwindling numbers of disabled learners who succeed in basic education in South Africa. Of late, the dropout rate increased because of adherence to lock down regulations amidst the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. This triggered the need for research on co-creating interventions to mitigate the rate of dropouts amongst disabled learners. Objective: The article explores underlying obstacles that induce school dropouts for disabled learners amidst and post-COVID-19 and postulates interventions accordingly. Methods: Descriptive-narrative research upheld reality as emerging from empirical experiences of parents and guardians of disabled children, heads of primary and secondary schools, social workers, the Department of Social Development and Basic Education, and provincial associations for disabled persons that focus on children. Lived experience-based opinions were obtained from provinces with different economic growth, namely, Limpopo and Gauteng. Forty-one in-depth one-on-one interviews and two focus group discussions used Google Meet. The collected data were analysed using Creswell's qualitative data analysis framework (steps) and Atlas.ti.8. Results: The findings show a consistent pattern that the COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated the parents and guardians' fear of exposing and risking their learners to the health crisis. Based on the parents and guardians' narrative, mainstream school administrations discriminate and are unwilling to enrol disabled learners. Furthermore, the narrative from the school leadership shows that teachers use exclusive teaching and learning methods for the enrolled disabled learners because of ignorance, misconception, misunderstanding, misinterpretation of disability, disability inclusion, and reasonable accommodation. Conclusion: Based on the finding, it is clear that dropouts amongst disabled learners can be alleviated by using a systematic multi-stakeholder local community-based intervention approach. This, therefore, implies that government authorities and agencies should incorporate disability into mainstream policies that guide planning, budgeting, staffing, and mobilisation of other resources. This would ideally enhance the provision of learning opportunities to disabled learners whilst supporting their diverse educational needs without dichotomies set by 'ability and disability', or normal and abnormal. In this manner, inclusive education can contribute to the educational success of disabled learners through developing sustainability and resilience amongst disabled learners.

Research on the Value of "Solidarity" from the Perspective of a Community of Common Health for Mankind / 中国医学伦理学

From the perspective of a community of common health for mankind, solidarity is a relational concept, which is a "social bond" within countries and advocates "cross-border cooperation" among countries. When the COVID-19 calls for global solidarity, it faces obstacles brought by four levels: "individualism", "negative obligation", "national boundary" and "distance". However, based on the interdependence among countries brought about by global health risks and the similarity of everyone’s equal right to health, solidarity can provide unique values of "communitarianism" and "positive obligation" for the effective construction of a community of common health for mankind.

Percursos e entraves dos psicanalistas nos hospitais / Paths and obstacles of psychoanalysts in hospitals / Chemins et obstacles des psychanalystes dans les hôpitaux

Os psicanalistas estenderam sua prática para além do consultório, fazendo-se presentes em diversos contextos institucionais. Um desses novos contextos é o hospital. O presente artigo realizou um levantamento de referências bibliográficas que abordam a inserção da prática psicanalítica nos hospitais nos últimos anos. Apresentamos como ocorreu o movimento de expansão da escuta psicanalítica bem como o que a autorizou nesse novo campo. No contexto brasileiro, verificamos a presença de alguns entraves para que essa prática se solidificasse -alguns superados, outros não. Recolhemos os efeitos da sustentação do discurso do analista no hospital e apresentamos uma intervenção clínica realizada nesse contexto.

Paths and obstacles of psychoanalysts in hospitals: Psychoanalysts have extended their practice beyond their cabinet, making themselves present in several institutional contexts. One of these new contexts is the hospital. This paper conducted a survey of the writings that address the inclusion of psychoanalytic practice in hospitals in the past years. We present how the movement to expand psychoanalytic listening took place and what allowed it in this new field. In the Brazilian context, we have verified the presence of certain obstacles to the consolidation of this practice -some have been overcome, others have not. Based on the collected material, we report the results achieved by sustaining the analyst's discourse in the hospital and also present a clinical intervention performed in this same context.

Chemins et obstacles des psychanalystes dans les hôpitaux: Les psychanalystes ont étendu leur pratique au-delà du cabinet, se rendant présents dans des contextes institutionnels divers. L'un de ces nouveaux contextes est l'hôpital. Cet article a réalisé un recueil de références bibliographiques, qui traitent de l'insertion de la pratique psychanalytique dans les hôpitaux au long des dernières années. Nous présentons comment s'est déroulé le mouvement d'expansion de l'écoute psychanalytique ainsi que ce qui l'a autorisé dans ce nouveau champ. Dans le contexte brésilien, nous avons vérifié la présence d' obstacles à la solidification de cette pratique -certains déjà surmontés, d'autres non. D'après la bibliographie recueillie, nous réunissons les effets du discours soutenu par l'analyste à l'hôpital et nous présentons une intervention clinique réalisée dans ce contexte.

Research progress on application of biochar in cultivation of agriculture and Chinese materia medica / 中国中药杂志

Biochar is a kind of solid material with high aromatization and rich in carbon, which is formed by pyrolysis of biomass at high temperature(250-700 ℃) under anoxic or hypoxic conditions. It has the characteristics of large specific surface area and rich pores. In recent years, as a good soil conditioner, biochar has gradually improved its advantages in improving soil rhizosphere micro ecological environment, promoting plant growth and development, and enhancing plant resistance, etc. It has been proved that biochar can affect the growth and development of plants by improving soil physical and chemical properties, adjusting microbial community structure, participating in the metabolic process in plants, and inducing plants to enhance resistance. This paper summarized the research progress of biochar application in agriculture and introduced the ecological effects and mechanism of biochar on plant seed germination, seedling growth, crop yield and stress resistance. Combined with the characteristics of Chinese materia medica, this paper expounds the application potential of biochar in improving the content of secondary metabolites of Chinese materia medica and alleviating continuous cropping obstacles of Chinese materia medica, etc. In the future, it is necessary to strengthen the research of biochar in the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, allelopathy and heavy metal stress of medicinal plants, so as to provide reference for the application of biochar in the cultivation of Chinese materia medica.

Production and quality control of original herbal materials of Danhong Injection / 中国中药杂志

Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases are the leading cause of death for residents in China. Danhong Injection(DHI) decoction piece is prepared from Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma and Carthami Flos, with the function of promoting the blood circulation, removing the blood stasis, relaxing the sinews and dredging the collaterals. In recent years, about 100 million bottles of DHI have been sold. Consequently, its safety and effectiveness are very important to a large number of patients. Raw materials are the source and foundation for production of traditional Chinese medicine injections. In this article, we reviewed the identification of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma and Carthami Flos, resource distribution, cultivation, quality control, and detection of xenobiotic pollutants, in order to guide the production of high-quality, stable, and pollution-free raw materials. This will be a benefit in ensuring the safety and effectiveness of DHI and reducing the incidence of adverse reactions from the raw materials. By comparing the similarities and differences between the quality standards of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, Carthami Flos and DHI, we provided some comments for improving the quality standards and post-marketing reevaluation of DHI, and provided some theoretical supports for the production of high-quality herbal raw materials.

A difícil arte de amar: A limitação do conhecimento entre o homem e a mulher. Uma interpretação da Psicologia Simbólica Junguiana / The difficult art of loving: Limitation of knowledge between man and woman. An interpretation of Jungian Symbolic Psychology / El difícil arte de amar: La limitación del conocimiento entre el hombre y la mujer. Una interpretación de la Psicología Simbólica Junguiana

Baseada na formação da identidade pela elaboração dos símbolos e funções estruturantes coordenadas por arquétipos nas incontáveis vivências existenciais, a Psicologia Simbólica Junguiana argumenta, neste artigo, que o amor exige o conhecimento das personalidades dos amantes e que o desconhecimento entre o homem e a mulher, que ainda é muito grande, dificulta sua vivência. A seguir, o autor defende a tese segundo a qual o conhecimento entre o homem e a mulher vem se desenvolvendo lentamente na história da humanidade, mas ainda está no seu início. Ele afirma também que grande parte desse pequeno conhecimento acumulado está deformado por projeções defensivas mútuas, oriundas da constituição física, do problema do desenvolvimento diferente de um e de outro e da confusão da identidade do homem e da mulher com os papéis que desempenharam na história. Assim sendo, o autor descreve resumidamente essas deformações e, concluindo, afirma que, para se conhecerem e poderem se amar, o homem e a mulher necessitam antes de tudo elaborar essas deformações milenares que os afastaram e ainda hoje os iludem.

Based on the formation of identity through the elaboration of symbols and structuring functions coordinated by archetypes in countless existential experiences, Jungian symbolic psychology asserts in this article that love requires knowledge between the personalities of lovers, and that the lack of knowledge between man and woman, which is still very pronounced, limits this experience. The author defends the thesis that knowledge between man and women is slowly developing in the history of humanity, but is still beginning. He states that even this small amount of knowledge accumulated is deformed by mutual projections. They have their origin in our physical constitution, in the differences of our process of development and in the confusion between the identity of man and of woman and the roles they have lived in history. Therefore, the author describes summarily these deformations and concludes that, in order to know and to love each other, man and woman need, first of all, to elaborate these millenary deformations, which have driven them apart through wounds and illusions. ■

Basada en la formación de la identidad por la elaboración de los símbolos y funciones estructurantes coordinadas por arquetipos en las incontables vivencias existenciales, la Psicología Simbólica Junguiana argumenta en este artículo que el amor exige el conocimiento de las personalidades de los amantes y que el desconocimiento entre el hombre y la mujer, que aún es muy grande, dificulta su vivencia. A continuación, el autor defiende la tesis según la cual el conocimiento entre el hombre y la mujer se está desarrollando lentamente en la historia de la humanidad, pero todavía está en su inicio. También afirma que gran parte de ese pequeño conocimiento acumulado está deformado por proyecciones defensivas mutuas, oriundas de la constitución física, del problema del desarrollo diferente de uno y otro y de la confusión de la identidad del hombre y de la mujer con los papeles que desempeñaron en la historia. Por lo tanto, el autor describe brevemente estas deformaciones y, concluyendo, afirma que, para conocerse y poder amarse, el hombre y la mujer necesitan antes de todo elaborar esas deformaciones milenarias que los alejaron y aún hoy los engañan. ■

A reinserção social na perspectiva de egressos de penitenciárias e profissionais das Centrais de Atenção ao Egresso e Família / The social reintegration in the perspective of egresses of penitentiaries and professionals of the "Centrais de Atenção ao Egresso e Família" (Centers of Attention to the Egresses and Family

A reinserção social é um processo contínuo que pressupõe o anterior pertencimento de uma pessoa a uma sociedade, pessoa esta que, após privação dessa vida social, retornará ao seu convívio por meio de "reeducação", "reintegração" e "ressocialização". Entende-se que o processo de reinserção social do egresso do sistema penitenciário tem seu início desde o momento de aprisionamento e se estende no contexto de liberdade. Tal processo tem encontrado entraves em seu desenvolvimento, constatados no alto índice de reincidência prisional. O presente trabalho pretendeu compreender o processo de reinserção social, seus entraves e facilitadores na visão de egressos do sistema penitenciário e de técnicos das Centrais de Atenção ao Egresso e Família (CAEFs) da região noroeste do estado de São Paulo. O trabalho adotou o método de estudo qualitativo exploratório-descritivo de campo, realizado com 9 técnicos das CAEFs e 13 egressos do sistema prisional. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevista semiestruturada, nos meses de março, abril e maio de 2018 e analisados de acordo com a técnica de análise temática indutiva. A análise foi realizada sob o referencial teórico de Urie Bronfenbrenner (teoria bioecológica). Os resultados da análise temática indutiva dos egressos constituíram três categorias: 1) Os reveses da reinserção social no contexto de encarceramento na visão dos egressos; 2) Os reveses da reinserção social no contexto de liberdade na visão dos egressos; 3) Facilitadores da reinserção social na visão dos egressos. Os principais reveses em contexto de encarceramento apontados foram: abuso de poder, falta de estrutura física e humana, negligência, alianças negativas e efeitos do tempo no contexto de encarceramento. No contexto de liberdade, os reveses apontados foram: falta de direitos, de trabalho e rede social. Como facilitadores aparecem: família, religião e características pessoais. Os resultados da análise temática indutiva dos técnicos constituíram outras três categorias: 1) Os reveses da reinserção social no contexto de encarceramento na visão dos técnicos; 2) Os reveses da reinserção social no contexto de liberdade na visão dos técnicos; 3) Facilitadores da reinserção social na visão dos técnicos. Como principais achados no contexto de encarceramento, mencionaram-se os reveses: falta de recursos físicos, humanos e falta de projetos. No contexto de liberdade: A sociedade (macrossistema) produtora de violência estrutural e mantenedora do preconceito e estigma, falta de recursos físicos e humanos nos CAEFs para o desenvolvimento do trabalho. Como facilitadores, foram apontados a família e o CAEF, este como um lugar em desenvolvimento. Consideramos, a partir das análises, que o processo da reinserção social não pode ser compreendido apenas em uma perspectiva, ele é multifatorial. A reinserção não acontece apenas por um microssistema - trabalho, religião ou família. Estes são facilitadores, mas a reinserção social parte de uma mudança macrossistêmica, um guarda-chuva maior que resguarda todos os outros contextos em interação

Social reintegration is a continuous process that presupposes a person's previous belonging to a society, a person who, after being deprived of that social life, will return to his or her life through "reeducation", "reintegration" and "resocialization". It is understood that the process of social reinsertion of the egress from the penitentiary system has its beginning from the moment of imprisonment and extends in the context of freedom. This process has found obstacles in its development, verified in the high rate of prison recidivism. The present work aimed to understand the process of social reintegration, its obstacles and facilitators in the view of prisoners from the penitentiary system and technicians of the Centers of Attention to the Egress and Family (CAEF) in the northwest region of the state of São Paulo. The study adopted the qualitative exploratory-descriptive field study method, carried out with 9 technicians from CAEFs and 13 graduates from the prison system. The data were collected through a semistructured interview in the months of March, April and May of 2018 and analyzed according to the technique of thematic inductive analysis. The analysis was carried out under the theoretical reference of Urie Bronfenbrenner (bioecological theory). The results of the inductive thematic analysis of the egresses constituted three categories: 1) The setbacks of social reintegration in the context of imprisonment in the view of the egresses; 2) The setbacks of social reintegration in the context of freedom in the view of the egresses; 3) Facilitators of social reintegration in the view of the egresses. The main setbacks identified were: abuse of power, lack of physical and human structure, neglect, negative alliances and the effects of time in the context of incarceration. In the context of freedom, the setbacks were: lack of rights, work and social network. As facilitators appear: family, religion and personal characteristics. The results of the inductive thematic analysis of the technicians constituted three other categories: 1) The setbacks of social reintegration in the context of imprisonment in the view of technicians; 2) The setbacks of social reintegration in the context of freedom in the view of technicians; 3) Facilitators of social reintegration in the view of technicians. The main findings in the context of incarceration were the setbacks: lack of physical resources, human resources, and lack of projects. In the context of freedom: The society (macrosystem) that produces structural violence and maintains the prejudice and stigma, lack of physical and human resources in the CAEFs for the development of the work. As facilitators, the family and the CAEF were named as a place of development. We consider, from the analysis, that the process of social reintegration cannot be understood only in one perspective, it is multifactorial. Reinsertion does not happen only through a microsystem - work, religion or family. These are facilitators, but social reinsertion is part of a macrosystemic shift, a larger umbrella that shelters all other contexts in interaction

Advances in molecular identification and functional genes of Rehmannia glutinosa / 中草药

Rehmannia glutinosa is one of the most common bulk medicinal materials in China and it has a long history of medicinal use. In recent years, with the development of molecular biology, especially for the emergence of high-throughput sequencing technology, it not only provides new ways to identify R. glutinosa quickly, and reveal the genetic diversity and relationship of R. glutinosa, but also lays the vital foundation for explaining the mechanism on metabolism, root tuber growth, stress response and continuous cropping obstacles of R. glutinosa. The present paper reviews the recent study progress in molecular biology research of R. glutinosa from molecular systematics, molecular identification and functional genes, and puts forward three research prospects in order to provide a reference for further study on molecular biology of R. glutinosa.

Experiences of Managers of Hospitals of Jahrom University of Medical Sciences on Obstacles of Implementing the Strategic Plan in 2017

Background: Strategic planning and its vital impact on achieving the organization goals, sometimes managers face serious obstacles and problems in implementing the strategic decisions. The aim of this study was to investigate the experiences of managers of hospitals of Jahrom University of Medical Sciences on obstacles of implementing strategic plans in 2017. Methods: this qualitative study was conducted using a Hermeneutics approach which was accomplished through semi-structured interview with 8 hospital managers and those who had a main role in strategic planning and were selected with purposeful sampling method. Data was collected till reaching data saturation. Results: 80 codes were extracted by data analysis and finally 4 main themes, 12 classes and 26 subcategories were obtained. Themes include: managerial inefficient structure, inefficient human resources, inappropriate infrastructure and inefficient policies. Conclusion: Findings of the present study will provide a better perception of obstacles, opportunities and finally strategies of promoting this plan due to experiences of managers and other involving factors. Obstacles and factors of failure of strategic decisions in the hospitals should be fully known so that during implementation of strategic management process, the desired results are obtained with providence and better management or changing approaches

Implantação e manutenção do sistema APPCC: as barreiras que desafiam as micro e pequenas empresas / Implementation and maintenance of the HACCP system: the barriers that challenge micro and small companies

Os consumidores atuais buscam cada vez mais por alimentos seguros e as indústrias vêm se empenhando em atender às expectativas deste cliente, além de se enquadrar às especificações legais. O sistema APPCC (Análise de Perigos e Pontos Críticos de Controle) tem como foco a garantia da inocuidade dos produtos, porém ainda existem diversas barreiras para a sua implantação, principalmente nas Micro e Pequenas Empresas (MPE). O objetivo deste trabalho foi revisar os conceitos básicos relativos à Segurança dos Alimentos e identificar as principais barreiras para a implantação e manutenção do sistema APPCC nas MPE. A pesquisa foi baseada em livros técnicos específicos e em publicações científicas disponibilizadas por sites de busca referenciados, como o portal de periódicos Capes, Science Direct e Scientific Eletronic Library Online (Scielo), direcionada pelas palavras chaves. Concluiu-se que as principais barreiras para a implantação do APPCC nas MPE são a falta de conhecimento técnico e de motivação por parte dos funcionários e empresários, restrições econômicas e de tempo, além da deficiência de programas governamentais que contemplem as MPE. É necessário um maior comprometimento do setor e o desenvolvimento de políticas públicas voltadas para as MPE, que facilitem a implantação do sistema APPCC, contribuindo assim para o desenvolvimento deste segmento na fabricação de alimentos seguros.

Obstáculos políticos à regionalização do SUS: percepções dos secretários municipais de Saúde com assento nas Comissões Intergestores Bipartites / Political Obstacles to Regionalization of the SUS: perceptions of Municipal Health Secretaries with seat in the Bipartite Interagency Commissions

Resumo O artigo tem como objetivo identificar e analisar os obstáculos políticos à implementação do Contrato Organizativo da Ação Pública (COAP) a partir das percepções dos secretários municipais de saúde das Comissões Intergestores Bipartites (CIB). Para isso, foram entrevistados, de outubro de 2015 a agosto de 2016, 195 secretários (92% do total). A partir da abordagem da 'análise de políticas', os principais obstáculos identificados foram, em síntese: um obstáculo tradicional (a falta de recursos), um que vem ganhando força nos últimos anos (a judicialização da política) e outro, talvez inédito: o sistema político-partidário e o Poder Executivo Estadual são os grandes ausentes nas coalizões de apoio às políticas de regionalização do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Conclui-se que tais obstáculos indicam um cenário extremamente negativo para a implementação do COAP e de outras políticas que busquem a regionalização do SUS. Diante disto, cabe aos envolvidos refletir, negociar, construir consenso em torno da melhoria da saúde da população e superar tais obstáculos caso, logicamente, desposem da concepção dos autores de que a regionalização é fundamental para o SUS.

Abstract This paper aims to identify and analyze the political obstacles to the implementation of Organizational Contract of Public Action (COAP) based on the perceptions of municipal health secretaries of Bipartite Interagency Commissions (CIB). For this purpose, we interviewed 195 secretaries (92% of the total) from October 2015 to August 2016. Based on the approach of policy analysis, the main hurdles identified were, in short, a traditional obstacle (lack of resources), one that has been gaining strength in recent years (judicialization of politics) and another, perhaps unheard of: the party-political system and the State Executive Branch are the great absentees in the coalitions in support of SUS regionalization policies. We can conclude that such obstacles indicate an extremely negative setting for the implementation of the COAP and other SUS regionalization policies. Thus, it is incumbent upon those involved to reflect, negotiate and build consensus on improving the health of the population and overcome such obstacles if, of course, they embrace the authors' concept that regionalization is fundamental for the SUS.

Research progress in microorganism changes of rhizospheric soil and root endogenous and ecology during continuous cropping of Panax notoginseng / 中草药

Panax notoginseng is one of the most important traditional Chinese medicinal herbs, and it is mainly distributed in Yunnan and Guangxi Provinces and only can be planted in a very narrow geographical environment. Its yield is significantly limited by continuous cropping obstacles in the cultivation process, which has seriously affected the application and development of P. notoginseng. The dynamic patterns of root and soil rhizosphere microbial community response were main reasons for the continuous cropping obstacle. In this paper, the dynamic changes of the root and rhizosphere systems, pathogenic microorganisms and symbiotic microorganisms in the formation of P. notoginseng continuous cropping obstacles were analyzed, and the progress in this field was summarized. Two methods for studying soil and root microorganism of continuous cropping process are proposed: 1. The dynamic analysis of microorganism in the rhizosphere and root of P. notoginseng must be completed with the method of pure-culture and culture-independent; 2. Quantitative analysis of main pathogenic microorganisms of P. notoginseng. It will provide theoretical basis for overcoming continuous cropping obstacles in plant of P. notoginseng.

Research progress of relationship between continuous cropping obstacles and microRNAs in Rehmannia glutinosa / 中国中药杂志

The efficacy of Rehmannia glutinosa which as a large quantity of traditional Chinese medicine is significant. However, the land must be given up after one season of R. glutinosa cultivation or replanted after a period of 8-10 years because of the severe continuous cropping obstacles. MicroRNAs is a class of endogenous non-coding small RNAs, which participate in regulation of physiological activities by target mRNA cleavage or translational repression in plants. In recent years,studies on the role of miRNAs in plants have made significant progresses,especially in medicinal plants．MiRNAs from some different medicinal plant species have been identified with regulatory effects．When plants are exposed to environmental stress, miRNAs act on stress-related genes and initiate stress-resistance mechanisms in the body against adverse factors. R. glutinosa is also a kind of environmental stress. It is conducive to deciphering the molecular mechanism of continuous cropping obstacles for us by researching miRNAs. This article reviews the production of miRNAs, mechanism, research approaches and characteristics of resisting the environmental stresses in plants, the development trends and future prospect of R. glutinosa miRNAs research.

DNA marker-assisted selection of medicinal plants (Ⅰ) .Breeding research of disease-resistant cultivars of Panax notoginseng / 中国中药杂志

DNA marker-assisted selection of medicinal plants is based on the DNA polymorphism, selects the DNA sequences related to the phenotypes such as high yields, superior quality, stress-resistance and so on according to the technologies of molecular hybridization, polymerase chain reaction and high-throughput sequencing, and assists the breeding of new cultivars. This study bred the first disease-resistant cultivar of notoginseng "Miaoxiang Kangqi 1" using the technology of DNA marker-assisted selection of medicinal plants and systematic breeding. The disease-resistant cultivar of notoginseng contained 12 special SNPs based on the analysis of Restriction-site Associated DNA Sequencing (RAD-Seq). Among the SNP (record_519688) was related to the root rot-resistant characteristics, which indicated this SNP could serve as genetic markers of disease-resistant cultivars and assist the systematic breeding. Compared to the conventional cultivated cultivars, the incidence rate of root-rot and rust-rot in notoginseng seedlings decreased by 83.6% and 71.8%, respectively. The incidence rate of root-rot respectively declined by 43.6% and 62.9% in notoginseng cultivation for 2 and 3 years compared with those of the conventional cultivated cultivars. Additionally, the potential disease-resistant groups were screened based on the relative SNP, and this model enlarged the target groups and advanced the breeding efficiency. DNA marker-assisted selection of medicinal plants accelerated the breeding and promotion of new cultivars, and guaranteed the healthy development of Chinese medicinal materials industry.