ABSTRACT
Introducción: Las alteraciones oclusales son un problema frecuente en la dentición primaria, su identificación desde edades tempranas permitirá reconocer variaciones en las características normales, que pueden influir en el desarrollo de la oclusión permanente. Objetivo: Establecer las características oclusales en dentición primaria, de los niños y niñas de 5 años de la zona urbana y rural del municipio de Andes (Colombia). Materiales y métodos: Se realizó una valoración clínica de 125 niños mediante inspección visual de la relación entre los componentes dentarios. Se calculó la prevalencia para cada una de las alteraciones oclusales y se estimaron además la frecuencia de alteraciones combinadas. Resultados: Se encontró relación canina clase I en el 84% y clase II con un 12%. La sobremordida horizontal y la vertical fueron normales en el 60,8% y en el 58,4% respectivamente y el 6,4% tenían mordida cruzada posterior. No se encontró ninguna alteración oclusal en el 48,8% de los niños; mientras que en el 3,2% las 4 características oclusales evaluadas estaban alteradas. No hubo diferencias estadísticamente significativas en las características oclusales según sexo. Conclusión: La presencia de alteraciones en la oclusión, detectadas en mayor proporción que el promedio nacional, requiere implementar en el municipio acciones para su detección y tratamiento oportuno que contribuyan a un adecuado crecimiento y desarrollo craneofacial
Introduction: The occlusal alterations are a frequent problem in the primary dentition, their identification from early age, allow to recognize variations in the normal characteristics, which can influence the development of permanent occlusion. Objective: To establish the occlusal characteristics in primary dentition, in children 5-year-old of Andes municipality, Colombia. Materials and methods: One hundred twenty five children were evaluated by a clinical visual inspection of the relationship between the dental components. Prevalence for each occlusal characteristic was calculated and the combined frequencies of alterations were also estimated. Results: Class I canine relationship in 84% and Class II in 12% were found. The horizontal and vertical overbite were normal in 60.8% and 58.4% respectively, and 6.4% had posterior cross bite. None occlusal alteration was found in 48.8% of children; while 3.2% had alteration in the four occlusal characteristics evaluated. There were no statistically significant differences in occlusal characteristics by sex. Conclusion: The presence of occlusal alterations, in a greater proportion than the national average, requires implementing in the municipality actions for its detection and treatment that contribute to adequate craniofacial growth and development.
ABSTRACT
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the dental arch morphology and the occlusal characteristics in the Koreans from the dental-anthropological point of view. The sample consisted of dental stone casts obtained from 120 Korean adults and 142 Japanese adults. Japanese casts and Caucasian data had been preserved at the Dept. of Orthodontics of Tokyo Medical and Dental University. Tooth size and dental arch morphology of the Koreans were compared with that of the Japanese. On the other hand, the variations of 30 crown traits, categorized and quantitatively graded, were compared between two peoples and the frequency distribution of each crown traits were analyzed by means of Chi-square test. The results were summerized as followings; 1. There was a significant sexual difference in dental arch length and width in the Korean, in which male had a longer and wider dental arch than female. There was a close resemblance for dental arch morphology between the Koreans and the Japanese, except for a little longer mandibular arch of the Japanese. 2. In general, Korean male had wider crown than female, particulary in central incisor, canine, lst molar of maxilla and canine, 1st and 2nd molar of mandible with significance. The Korean had wider maxillary first molar, smaller mandibular first and second molar than the Japanese in both sex. 3. In crown traits of the Korean, shovel-shaped incisor showed lower frequency distribution than in the Japanese, but higher than in the Caucasians. Frequency of incisor reduction was shown higher distribution than in the Japanese and the Caucasians. Carabelli's tubercle showed higher frequency distribution than in Japanese, but remarkably lower than in Caucasians.