Occult papillary carcinoma of thyroid presenting as cervical lymphadenopathy in a young male: case report

Papillary carcinoma of thyroid accounts for 80% of all thyroid malignancies. They tend to have a female preponderance and present in the 4th to 5th decade of life, as a slow growing midline mass. Cervical metastases are common, blood borne being rare. We present a case of a 29 years old who presented with cervical lymphadenopathy that was secondary to an occult papillary carcinoma of thyroid. Patient underwent total thyroidectomy with bilateral neck node dissection for the same.

Predictores de detección del tumor primario en pacientes que comienzan con metástasis / Detection predictors of primary tumor in patients presenting with metastasis

Introducción: aproximadamente 15 por ciento de los pacientes con cáncer comienzan con metástasis. La búsqueda de un tumor primario resulta compleja y, en muchos casos, infructuosa. El carcinoma de primario oculto define una enfermedad neoplásica maligna diseminada, demostrada mediante estudio anatomopatológico de una de sus metástasis, sin que se consiga identificar el tumor primario a pesar de un estudio considerado óptimo en vida del paciente. Objetivo: identificar predictores de detección del tumor primario en pacientes que comienzan con metástasis. Métodos: se realizó un estudio observacional, de tipo caso-control retrospectivo. Se obtuvo información de la base de datos del protocolo de carcinoma de primario oculto. Incluyó 99 pacientes atendidos de modo consecutivo en el servicio de medicina interna entre 2010-2013 tras debutar con metástasis. Se evaluó si las variables: sitio, número de metástasis, condición física según escala del Eastern Cancer Oncology Group (ECOG) y variedad histológica podían ser predictores o no de detección del tumor primario. Resultados: no se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre pacientes con (47,5 por ciento del total) y sin tumor primario identificado (p< 0,05) respecto a sitio, número de metástasis y puntuación del ECOG. El odds ratio para detección de tumor primario en adenocarcinoma bien y moderadamente diferenciado fue 5 veces mayor que para carcinoma pobremente diferenciado y 11 veces mayor que para carcinoma neuroendocrino. El odds ratio de detectar tumor primario fue 8 veces mayor en metástasis por tumor escamoso respecto a carcinoma pobremente diferenciado y 15 veces superior respecto al carcinoma neuroendocrino. Conclusiones: no se identificó al puntaje en la escala ECOG, sitio y número de metástasis como variables independientes en la detección del tumor primario. La probabilidad de detectarlo en quienes debutan con metástasis por carcinoma escamoso y adenocarcinoma fue superior al resto de los tejidos. La menor probabilidad fue para aquellos con carcinoma neuroendocrino. (AU)

Introduction: Approximately 15 percent of patients with cancer debut with metastasis. The search for a primary tumor is complex and in many cases unsuccessful. The carcinoma of unknown primary tumor defines a disseminated malignant neoplastic disease, demonstrated by anatomopathological study of one of its metastases, without being able to identify the primary tumor despite a study considered "optimal" during the patient's life. Objective: To identify detection predictors of primary tumor in patients presenting metastasis. Methods: A retrospective case-control observational study was conducted. The information was obtained from the database of the occult primary carcinoma protocol. It included 99 patients consecutively treated in the internal medicine service from 2010 to 2013 after debuting with metastasis. We assessed whether or not the variables site, number of metastases, physical condition according to Eastern Cancer Oncology Group (ECOG) scale and histological variety could be detection predictors of primary tumor. Results: No statistically significant differences were found between patients with (47.5 percent of the total) and no primary tumor identified (p< 0.05) regarding site, number of metastases and ECOG score. The odds ratio for detection of primary tumor in adenocarcinoma was moderately differentiated and well. It was 5 times higher than for poorly differentiated carcinoma and 11 times higher than for neuroendocrine carcinoma. The odds ratio of detecting a primary tumor was 8 times higher in squamous cell metastasis compared to poorly differentiated carcinoma and 15 times higher than in neuroendocrine carcinoma. Conclusions: The score on the ECOG scale, site and number of metastases were not identified as independent variables in the detection of the primary tumor. The probability of detecting it was higher than the rest of the histologies, in those who debuted with metastasis due to squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma. The lowest probability was for those with neuroendocrine carcinoma(AU)

Occult Breast Cancers Manifesting as Axillary Lymph Node Metastasis in Men: A Two-Case Report / 한국유방암학회지

Occult breast cancer is a type of breast cancer without any symptoms on the breasts or any abnormalities upon radiologic examination such as mammography. In males, there are few cases of breast cancer, the rate of diagnosis of occult breast cancer is very low, and little is known about this disease. We experienced two cases of occult breast cancers manifesting as axillary lymph node metastasis in men. They had a palpable lesion on axillary area several years ago and had not seen a doctor about it. As such there was no abnormality on evaluations for cancer except for axillary lymph node showing signs of carcinoma (primary or metastatic) on biopsy and estrogen receptor-positive and progesterone receptor-positive on immunohistochemistry. The patients were diagnosed with occult breast cancer, and treatments were performed. Herein, we report the rare cases of occult breast cancers in men.

The Characteristics of Incidental Pituitary Microadenomas in 120 Korean Forensic Autopsy Cases

To investigate the characteristics of incidental pituitary microadenomas, we examined 120 pituitary glands from Korean forensic autopsy cases, from which eight tumors were identified (incidence 6.7%). The average age of the affected subjects was 50 yr (range: 33-96 yr) with a female predominance. The maximum diameters of the tumors ranged from 0.4 to 5.4 mm (mean: 2.8 mm). Immunohistochemical analysis of pituitary hormones revealed three growth hormone-secreting adenomas, one prolactin-producing adenoma, one gonadotropin-producing adenoma, one plurihormonal adenoma, and two null cell adenomas. MIB-1 staining for Ki-67 antigen showed no positive expression. The microvessel density (MVD) of the pituitary microadenomas ranged from 2.3 to 11.6% (mean: 5.3%) and was significantly lower than that of nonneoplastic pituitary glands (11.9-20.1%, mean: 14.8%). Our study provides reference data on incidental pituitary microadenomas in the Korean population.

Reatividade linfonodal com metástase cervical de tumor primário oculto: estudo de 24 pacientes / Lymphonode reactivity with cervical metastasis from unknown primary tumor: study of 24 patients

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a reatividade linfonodal em pacientes com metástase cervical de tumor primário oculto. MÉTODO: Foram avaliados retrospectivamente 24 pacientes submetidos a esvaziamento cervical entre 1983 e 1995 devido à metástase de tumor primário oculto. Os cortes histológicos dos 601 linfonodos resultantes foram corados pela hematoxilina-eosina e avaliados à microscopia óptica. A reatividade linfonodal considerou a presença de hiperplasia paracortical, hiperplasia de centro germinativo e hiperplasia sinusal. Foram avaliadas a relação da reatividade linfonodal, ruptura capsular, necrose e desmoplasia com a recidiva da doença. A análise estatística foi feita com Teste de Fisher com erro inferior a 5 por cento. RESULTADOS: Setenta e sete por cento (77 por cento) dos linfonodos se mostraram reativos. Cinqüenta e cinco por cento (55 por cento) dos pacientes com hiperplasia paracortical ou mista e dezesseis por cento (16 por cento) dos pacientes com hiperplasia de centro germinativo ou linfonodos não reativos estavam assintomáticos por ocasião do último retorno ambulatorial (p=0,11). A presença de necrose tumoral mostrou associação significativa com a presença de desmoplasia (p=0,02). CONCLUSÕES: A reatividade linfonodal é freqüente na maioria das metástases cervicais em tumor primário oculto e a necrose tumoral está diretamente ligada à presença de desmoplasia.

BACKGROUND: Our objetive is to assess the lymph node reactivity in patients with neck metastasis from occult primary tumor. METHODS: We perform a retrospective analysis of 24 patients submitted to neck dissection between 1983 and 1995 due to metastasis of occult primary tumor. Slices of 601 resulting lymph nodes was colored with hematoxilin-eosin and evaluated by optical microscopy. Lymph node reactivity patterns considered the presence of paracortical hyperplasia, germinal center hyperplasia and sinus hyperplasia. We evaluated relationship between lymph node reactivity, capsular rupture, necrosis and desmoplasia with relapse of disease. Statiscal analyses were performed through a Fisher Test with 2 error less than 5 percent. RESULTS: Seventy seven percent of the lymph nodes were reactive. Fifty five percent of patients with paracortical or mixed hyperplasia and 16 percent of the patients with germinal center hiperplasia or non reactive lymph nodes were free of disease at the longest follow up (p=0,11). The presence of necrosis and desmoplasia showed a significant relation (p=0,02). CONCLUSIONS: The lymph node reactivity is usual in the great majority of primary unknown metastasis; tumoral necrosis is directly related with desmoplasia.

Diagnostic Significance of the Endoscopy-guided Biopsy with Tonsillectomy in Suspected Occult Primary Tumor / 대한이비인후과학회지

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: An occult primary tumor is defined as histologic evidence of malignancy in the cervical lymph nodes with no apparent primary site of origin for the metastatic tumor. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-three patients who have failed to detect primary tumor on their initial physical examinations, endoscopy and other imaging studies, underwent endoscopy-guided biopsy under the general anesthesia. The histologic examination of frozen sections was done in the operation room. For those failing to give results by the histologic study, we performed the ipsilateral tonsillectomy biopsy. RESULTS: Nine primary lesions were identified: four cases of tonsillar fossa, one case each of nasopharynx, base of tongue, hypopharynx, supraglottis, and esophagus. In the three of the four tonsillar cancer cases, the primary foci were also identified by tonsillectomy biopsy. All the patients whose primary foci were tonsillar fossa showed metastasis of the jugulodigastric lymph node. CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that patients who are considered to have occult primary tumor should be evaluated by endoscopy-guided biopsy under the general anesthesia. Also, this study finds that if the histologic result of the frozen section were negative, ipsilateral tonsillectomy can be justified, especially for patients who show metastasis of jugulodigastric cervical lymph node.