ABSTRACT
Objective: To investigate the influencing factors and population attributable risk percent (PAR%) of low back pain in automobile assemblers. Methods: A total of 634 assemblers from 11 automobile manufacturers in Shiyan City, Hubei Province were chosen as research subjects using judgment sampling method. The prevalence of low back pain in the past one year was investigated using Musculoskeletal Disorders Questionnaire. PAR% was used to analyze the contribution of influencing factors to low back pain. Results: The annual prevalence of low back pain was 68.8%. The results of multivariate logistics regression showed that length of service>15 years, high school or secondary college education or above, standing most of the time, sitting most of the time, the proportion of cumulative time of poor posture in work shift time ≥1/8, and bending for insufficient height of working space were the risk factors for low back pain (all P<0.05). The PAR% of the proportion of cumulative time of poor posture in work shift time ≥1/8 was 43.0%, 37.8% for standing most of the time, and 12.8% for bending for insufficient height of working space. Conclusion: The annual prevalence of low back pain was higher in automobile assemblers. The influencing factors included individual factors and occupational factors. The proportion of cumulative time of poor posture in work shift time ≥1/8, standing most of the time and bending for insufficient height of working space should be taken as the priority intervention factors to reduce the prevalence of low back pain among assemblers in this enterprise.
ABSTRACT
Lung cancer is the most frequent malignant tumour with the highest mortality rate around the world, leading to greater than a million deaths annually. The number of deaths due to lung cancer is expected to increase to ten million deaths per year in 2030. The major risk factor for the development of lung cancer is cigarette smoking but relatively high rates of lung cancer occur among non-smoking women and 10-25% of lung cancer observed in never smokers. The lung cancer deaths occur in never smokers have been estimated to be the 7th leading cause of cancer mortality. This article mainly discusses the important etiological factors of lung cancer in never smokers such as the environmental factors, occupational exposure, history of lung disease, family history and genetic factors, unbalanced diet and high consumption of saturated fat, radiation exposure, socioeconomic status, and infections. Gender, obesity and metabolic syndrome, race and ethnicity and interstitial lung diseases also have effects on the development of lung cancer in never smokers.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To analyze the prevalence and occupational risk factors of low back pain in nurses. METHODS: A random sampling method was used to select 648 female nurses from 8 hospitals as study subjects. The self-designed Questionnaire on Low Back Pain in Nurses was used to investigate the conditions of low back pain and analyze its occupational risk factors. RESULTS: The prevalence rate of low back pain in nurses was 63.0%(408/648). Among them, 28.2%(115/408) of nurses with low back pain had a definite diagnosis of lumbar disc herniation and 90.7%(370/408) developed low back pain after nursing work. The multivariate logistic analysis showed that the nurses with younger age, shorter length of service, higher body mass index and higher frequency of lifting heavy objects, had the higher risk of low back pain(P<0.05). The nurses who rotated their trunk, carried patients, and assisted bedridden patients to change their positions during nursing operations had a relatively higher risk of low back pain(P<0.01). CONCLUSION: The length of service and poor working posture are the occupational risk factors of low back pain in nurses.
ABSTRACT
Resumo Pênfigo compreende grupo de doenças bolhosas autoimunes que possuem tendência à progressão, com evolução ilimitada e crônica e com prognóstico potencialmente fatal. O tipo mais comum é o Pênfigo Foliáceo Endêmico (PFE), caracterizado pela presença de lesões cutâneas com formação de bolhas na face, no couro cabeludo e na região interescapular. Fatores de ordem ambiental, genéticos e imunológicos podem desencadear a enfermidade. Entre os fatores ambientais, exposição a mercúrio, poeiras minerais e a picada do mosquito Simulium nigrimanum devem ser considerados. Buscou-se, neste artigo, relatar a ocorrência do PFE entre a população de Antônio Pereira, distrito rural de Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, bem como identificar possíveis associações da doença com fatores ocupacionais e ambientais locais. Foi constatada uma prevalência de 4,57 casos de PFE/1.000 habitantes, considerada bastante elevada. Observou-se associação estatística entre a doença e contato com barragem de rejeitos de mineração (p = 0,048) e exposição ao mercúrio (p = 0,008). Os resultados indicam a necessidade de vigilância epidemiológica eficaz das comunidades afetadas, assim como adequada assistência à saúde dos pacientes acometidos pela doença.
Abstract Pemphigus comprises a group of autoimmune bullous diseases, which have a tendency of progression, with unlimited and chronic development and with a potentially to fatal disease prognosis. The most common type is the Endemic Pemphigus Foliaceus (EPF), characterized by the presence of skin lesions with blistering located on the face, scalp and interscapular region. Environmental, genetic and immunological factors may trigger the disease. Among the environmental factors, exposure to mercury, mineral dust and Simulium nigrimanum mosquitoes bite should be considered. Sought to, in this article, it is reported the occurrence of PFE among the population of Antonio Pereira, rural district of Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, and identify their possible association with occupational and environmental local factors. A prevalence of 4.57 cases of EPF/1.000 inhabitants, considered high was found. There was association between the disease and contact with dam tailings mining (p=0.048); and exposure to mercury (p=0.008). The results indicate the need for effective surveillance of the affected communities, as well as adequate health care of patients affected by the disease.
ABSTRACT
Lombalgias apresentam altas taxas de prevalência em todos os setores de atividades econômicas sendo que em algumas, a gravidade das alterações levam ao afastamento e à incapacidade ao trabalho. Nos estudos observa-se a necessidade de avaliações e intervenções ergonômicas. Este é um texto de uma revisão das lombalgias e de seus fatores ocupacionais, considerando-se alguns aspectos metodológicos da avaliação da exposição aos fatores de risco; também pontuamos algumas dificuldades atuais, as necessidades e tendências de pesquisas neste tema.
Low Back Pains show high rates of existence in all sectors of economical activities which, in some cases, the high risk of alterations lead the worker to absence in workplace and definite work incompetence. In the studies it is observed the need of avaluations and ergonomic interventions. This is a text about the focus on Low Back Pain and its occupational factors; taking under consideration some methodologic aspects regarding the avaluation of the exposition to the risky factors; we also point out some actual problems, the needs and tendencies of research on this field.